高中英语 unit 2 sailing the oceans词汇讲解 新人教版选修9.docx

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1、Unit 2 Sailing the oceansTeaching ResourcesSection 3: Words and expressions from Unit 2 Sailing the oceans mercy noun (pl. -ies)1. U a kind or forgiving attitude towards sb that you have the power to harm or right to punish humanity: to ask / beg /plead for mercy They showed no mercy to their hostag

2、es. God have mercy on us. The troops are on a mercy mission (= a journey to help people) in the war zone. 2. C, usually sing. (informal) an event or a situation to be grateful for, usually because it stops sth unpleasant: It s a mercy she wasn t seriously hurt. His de a th was a mercy (= because he

3、was in great pain.at the mercy of sb/sth not able to stop sb/sth harming you because they have power or control over you: I m not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank. We were at the mercy of the wea ther.leave sb/sth to the mercy / mercies of sb/sth to leave sb/sth in a situation that may c

4、ause them to suffer or to be treated badly: privatized companies left to the mercy of market forces (humorous) I 11 leave you to the tender mercies of these ladies!throw yourself on sb s mercy (formal) to put yourself in a situation where you must rely on sb to be kind to you and not harm or punish

5、youlongsideprep.1. next to or at the side of sth: A police car pulled up alongside us. a lifeboat moored alongside the yacht Much of the land a long si de the ri ver is below sea level. 2. together with or at the same time as sth/sb: Trad!tional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifest

6、yle. exploration noun C, U1. the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for sth in it: the expl ora ti on of space oil exploration (= searching for oil in the ground)2. an examination of sth in order to find out about it: the book s explorations of the human mind acc

7、elerateverb1. to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected: v Inflation continues to accelerate. vn Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process. 2. v (of a vehicle or person) to start to go faster: The runners accelerated smoothly around the bend. The car accelerated to

8、overtake me.secureadj.HAPPY / CONFIDENT1. feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation: At last they were able to feel secure about the future. She finished the match, secure in the knowledge that she was through to the next round.to shout sth very loudly: v The crowd roared.

9、 vn The fans roared (out) their approval. He roared out James s name. v speech Stand back, he roared. 3. v(with laughter) to laugh very loudly: He looked so funny, we all roared. It made them roar with laughter. 4. v + adv. / prep. (of a vehicle or its rider / driver) to move very fast, making a lot

10、 of noise: She put her foot down and the car roared away. A group of young men on motorcycles roared past. 5. v (of a fire) to burn brightly with a lot of flames, heat and noise: A log fire was roaring in the hearth.nouna loud deep sound made by an animal, especially a lion, or by sb s voice: His sp

11、eech was greeted by a roar of applause, roars of laughter 2. a loud continuous noise made by the wind or sea, or by a machine: I could barely hear above the roar of traffic. the roar of the AtlanticCERTAIN / SAFElikely to continue or be successful for a long time; safe: a secure job / income It s no

12、t a very secure way to make a living. The future of the company looks secure.1. (against / from sth) that cannot be affected or harmed by sth: Information must be stored so that it is secure from accidental deletion.BUILDING / DOOR / ROOMguarded and/or made stronger so that it is difficult for peopl

13、e to enter or leave: Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible, a secure unit for child offenders The building is secure against intruders.FIRMnot likely to move, fall down, etc, ; stable: The aerial doesn t look very secure to me. It was difficult to main tain a secure f

14、oothold on the ice. (figura ti ve) Our relationship was now on a more secure footing.verbGET STH1. sth r(for. sb/sth) | sb sth (formal) to obtain or achieve sth, especially when this means using a lot of effort: vn to secure a contract / deal The team managed to secure a place in the finals. She sec

15、ured 2. 000 votes. The delegation has secured the promise of a ceasefire, vn, vnn He secured a place for himself a t law school. He secured himself a place at law school. FASTEN FIRMLYvnsth (to sth) to attach or fasten sth firmly: She secured the rope firmly to the back of the car. The tables on boa

16、rd were secured firmly to the floor.PROTECT FROM HARMvnsth (against sth) to protect sth so that it is safe and difficult to attack or damage: to secure a property against intruders The windows were secured with locks and bars, (figurative) a savings plan that will secure your child s futureA LOANvn

17、to legally agree to give sb property or goods that are worth the same amount as the money that you have borrowed from them, if you are unable to pay the money back: a loan secured on the houserandomadj. usually before noun done, chosen, etc. without sb deciding in advance what is going to happen, or

18、 without any regular pattern: the random killing of innocent people a random sample / selection (= in which each thing has an equal chance of being chosen) The information is processed in a random order.nounat random without deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern

19、: She opened the book a t random (= not at any particular page) and started reading. The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. Names were chosen at random from a list.awkwardadj.1. making you feel embarrassed: There was an awkward silence. I felt awkward because they obviously wanted to be alon

20、e. 2. difficult to deal with: Donf t ask awkward questions. Youf ve put me in an awkward position. an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with)Please don t be awkward about letting him come. It makes things awkward for everyone when you behave like that. 3. not convenient, inconven

21、ient: Have I come at an awkward time?4. difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design: This box is very awkward for one person to carry. This tool will reach into awkward corners, such as under kitchen units. 5. not moving in an easy way; not comfortable: He tried to dance, but he was too cl

22、umsy and awkward. I must have slept in an awkward position一I m aching all over.referencenounMENTIONING SB / STHC, U (to sb/sth) a thing you say or write that mentions sb/sth else; the act of mentioning sb/sth: The book is full of references to growing up in India. She made no reference to her illnes

23、s but only to her future plans. the President s passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the war LOOKING FOR INFORMATION1. U the act of looking at sth for information: Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference. I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference (= b

24、ecause it might be useful in the future). The library contains many popular works of reference (= reference books).ASKING FOR ADVICEU(to sb/sth) (formal) the act of asking sb for help or advice: The emergency nurse can treat minor in juries without reference to a doctor.NUMBER / WORD / SYMBOLC (abbr

25、. ref.) a number, word or symbol that shows where sth is on a map, or where you can find a piece of information: The map reference is Y4. . Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry.FOR NEW JOBC a letter written by sb who knows you, giving information about your character and abiliti

26、es, especially to a new employer: We will take up references after the interview.2. C a person who agrees to write a reference, for you, for example when you are applying for a job: My previous boss will act as a reference for me.IN BOOKC a note in a book that tells you where a particular piece of i

27、nformation comes from: There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.in / with reference to (formal) used to say what you are talking or writing about: With reference to your letter of July 22.verb vn (formal) to refer to sth; to provide a book, etc. with references: Each chapter is refer

28、enced, ci ting li terature up to 2004.precise adj.1. clear and accurate; exact: precise details / instructions /measurements Can you give a more precise definition of the word? I can be reasonably precise about the time of the incident.2. only before noun used to emphasize that sth happens at a part

29、icular time or in a particular way: We were just talking about her when, at that preci se moment, she walked in. Doc tors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness. 3. taking care to be exact and accurate, especially about small details: a skilled and precise worker small, precise

30、 movements (disappro ving) She s ra ther prim and precise.to be (more) precise used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just mentioned: The shelf is about a metre longwell, 98cm, to be precise. simplifyverb (simplifies, simplifying, simplified, simpl

31、ified) vn to make sth easier to do or understand: The application forms have now been simplified. I hope his appointment will simplify matters. a simplified version of the story for young chiIdrenportableadj. that is easy to carry or to move: a portable TV The equipment is lightweight, portable and

32、easy to store. (figurative) a portable loan / pension (= that can be moved if you change banks, jobs, etc.) portable softwarenoun a small type of machine that is easy to carry, especially a computer or a television: The kids are upstairs watching the portable (= television).shortcomingnoun usually p

33、l. a fault in sb s character, a plan, a system, etc. : She made me aware of my own shortcomings. Despite a number of shortcomings, the project will still go ahead.updateverb vn1. to make sth more modern by adding new parts, etc. Itf s about time we updated our software. 2. sb (on sth) / sth to give

34、sb the most recen t in forma tion about sth; to add the most recent in for ma ti on to sth bring up to date: I called the office to update them on the day s developments. Our records are regularly updated.tendencynoun (pl. -ies)1. C (for sb/sth) (to do sth) | (to / towards sth) if sb/sth has a parti

35、cular tendency, they are likely to behave or act in a particular way: to display artistic, etc. tendencies I have a tendency to talk too much when V ni nervous. There is a tendency for this disease to run in famili es. She has a strong natural tendency towards caution. This material has a tendency t

36、o shrink when washed. 2. C(for sb/sth) (to do sth) | (to / towards sth) a new custom that is starting to develop: There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff. 3. C+sing./pl. v. (BrE) a group within a larger political group, whose views are more extreme than those of the rest of

37、the group: the militant tendencyreliableadj.1. that can be trusted to do sth well; that you can rely on; dependable: We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working, a reliable friend My car s not as reliable as it used to be. 2. that is likely to be cor rec t or true: Our in forma tion

38、comes from a reliable source, a reliable witness How reliable are the local weather forecasts? These tests are a reliable indicator of future performance.swoopverb v1. usually +adv / prep. (of a bird or plane) to fly quickly and suddenly downwards, especially in order to attack sb/sth; dive: The air

39、craft swooped down over the buildings. A hawk swooped low over the field, 2.(on sb/sth) (especially of police or soldiers) to visit or attack sb/sth suddenly and without warning: Officers swooped on the vehicles as they left the ferry.noun1. an act of moving suddenly and quickly through the air in a

40、 downward direction, as a bird does dive 2. (on sth/sb) an act of arriving somewhere or attacking sth/sb in a way that is sudden and unexpected: Large quantities of drugs were found during a police swoop on the star s New York home.peckverb1. (at sth) (of birds) to move the beak forward quickly and

41、hit or bite sth: v A robin was pecking at crumbs on the ground. Hens pecked around in the yard. vn A bird had pecked a hole in the sack. Vul tures had pecked out the dead goat s eyes. 2. vnsb (on sth) (informal) to kiss sb lightly and quickly: He pecked her on the cheek as he went out. She pecked hi

42、s cheek. a / the pecking order (informal, often humorous) the order of importance in relation to one another among the members of a group: New Zealand is at the top of the pecking order of rugby nations, to be first in the pecking orderpeck at sth to eat only a very small amount of a meal because yo

43、u are not hungry; pick at: She sat nervously pecking at her food.expeditionnoun1. an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known: to plan / lead / go on an expedition to the North Pole 2. the people who go on an expedition: Three members o

44、f the Everest expedition were killed. 3. (sometimes humorous) a short trip that you make when you want or need sth: a shopping expedition compulsoryadj. that must be done because of a law or a rule: It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets. English is a compulsory subject at this level

45、. compulsory education / schooling compulsory redundanciesSurvivalnoun1. U the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or danger: the struggle / battle / fight for survi val His only, chance of survi val was a heart transpl an t. Exporting is necessary f.or our economic surviv

46、al. Continued trade in these products is a threat to the survival of the species. 2. C (from sth) something that has continued to exist from an earlier time: The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.the survival of the fittest the principle that only the people or things that are best ada

47、pted to their surroundings will continue to existincidentnoun1. C something that happens, especially sth unusual or unpleasant: His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. One particular incident sticks in my mind, 2. C, U a serious or violent event, such as a crime, an accident or an attack: T

48、here was a shooting incident near here last nigh t. The demonstration passed off without inci den t. 3. C a disagreement between two countries, often involving military forces: a border / diplomatic incidentdeparturenoun1. C, U(from . ) the act of leaving a place; an example of this: His sudden depa

49、rture threw the office into chaos. Flights should be confirmed 4. 8 hours before departure. They had received no news of him since his departure from the island. 2. C a plane, train, etc. leaving a place at a particular time: arrivals and departures All departures are from Manchester. the departure lounge / time /gate the