山东省菏泽市中考英语动词及动词短语考点剖析.docx

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1、2019年山东荷泽市中考英语：动词及动词短语考点一常见易混动词辨析1. spend/pay/cost/take 表示“花费”spend主语是人,指花费时间和金钱。spend. . on. . . ; spend. . . (in) doing sth.pay主语是人，指花费金钱。pay. for. =spend. oncost主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。sth. cost（s） （sb.）.take多用 it 作形式主语,指花费时间。It takes sb. . to do sth. =Sb. spend(s). . (in) doing sth.Mom never spends

2、 any money on herself.妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I 11 pay it back next week.你能借给我 12 块钱吗？我 下周还你。It won t cost you a penny for the first six months.开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。It took them three years to build this road,他们用三年时间修完了这条路。2. look/watch/see/read 表示“看”look看（动作）；可单独成句；look at.watch看（电视、比

3、赛）；注视see看见（结果）；看望；理解（I see.）read看（书、报）；读；读懂别人的内心 look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系动词，后接形容词。看病（看医生）用see a doctor表示。3. speak/say/talk/tell 表示“说”speak发言；说（某种语言）say说（内容）；写有talk谈论;talk about sth. ; talk to/with sb.tell告诉；讲述；tell sb. (not) to do sth.look看起来（视觉）taste尝起来（味觉）2. （2018 内蒙古通辽中考改编）Where are you going for your

4、summer holidays? I go to Dalian. I haven? t decided.A. mayB. needC. must3. （2018 江苏盐城中考改编）Look, little Jim is swimming so fast. I believe my eyes.A. shouldn tB. can tC. mustn t4. （2018 江苏泰州中考改编）To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips.A.

5、shouldB. mightC. could（2018 安徽中考改编）一May I watch TV, Dad?一When your homework is finished, you .A. shouldB. canC. must5. （2018 福建中考）Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicycle- sharing right now?一No, you .A. needn? tB. can, tC. shouldn t6. （2018 广东中考改编）一Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, i

6、s now doing research on sea rice.一If farmers start planting rice in salty water, China, s food supply will surely rise.A. canB. mayC. must考点四系动词/助动词1.系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的身份、性 质、特征等。分类常见例词表小状态的系动同be表示持续性的系动词keep, remain, stay, stand表示感官的系动词taste, smell, feel, look, sound表示变化的系动词become,

7、 turn, go, grow, get2.助动词be人称单/复数现在式过去式现在分词过去分词笫一人称单数amwasbeingbeen复数arewere第二人称单数arewere复数arewere第三人称单数iswas复数arewere3.助动词do有人称和时态的变化，主要用来构成谓语是实义动词的句子的否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进式、否定式 各种形式肯定式否定式原形dodo not/dont一般现在时第三人称单数doesdoes not/cloesn t过去式diddid not/didn t行强调。Do you know China we 11?你很了解中国吗?Did your father

8、 call you yesterday?你爸爸昨天给你打电话了吗？4.助动词have式、否定式 各种形式肯定式否定式原形havehave not/havenI第三人称单数hashas not/hasn过去式hadhad not/hciclrft现在分词havingnot having过去分词hadnot hadYou haven? t been abroad before,have you?你以前没出过国，是不是？跟踪训练（2019 原创）-Do you really wantto buy this pants?Yes. IA. doB.didC. want参考答案考占一V八、AACCC考点二

9、ABBBA68 AAB考占二-J /、15CABAB67 AA与过去分词构成各种时态。考点四sound听起来（听觉）feel摸起来（触觉）smell闻起来（嗅觉）5. borrow/lend/keep 表示“借”sorrow借用;borrow sth. from sb.lend借给；lend sth. to sb.keep借用毛干时间;keep. . . for 2 days6. hope/wish/expecthope希望；hope to to sth. ; hope + that 从句wish（且愿、 希望;wish to do sth. ; wish sb. to do sth. ; w

10、ish + that 从句expect期待、期望； expect to do sth. ; expect sb. to do sth.eaveforget表示“忘记”时，forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用leave在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用iear听见；hear +名词（强调听的结果）listen听；listen to +名词（强调听的过程）sound听起来；sound+形容词（强调听的效果）wear“穿着；戴着”，强调状态，wear后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等put on“穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“take offdress“穿衣”，是及物动

11、词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”；dressonself 打扮；给自己 穿衣服”be in表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词reach“到达”，是及物动词（比get更正式），其后可直接接地点名词作宾语（不能用介词）get“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词toarrive“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词at （一般用于较小的地方）或in （一般用于较大的地方）跟踪训练弓meeting Jack today because I am still1. （2018 山东荷泽单县常青学校模拟三）一1 angry with him.一Come on, Mary. You are good f

12、riends.A. avoidB. expectC. enjoy2. （2018 广东普宁模拟改编）1 don, t know the restaurant, but it? s to be quite a good one.A. saidB. toldC. spoken3. （2018 广西贵港港南二模改编）一How much money did he you yesterday?一500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks.A. giveB. borrowC. lendt find my English text

13、book.4. （2018 甘肃定西中考改编）一1 can 一Is it possible that you it at home?A. lostB. forgot C. left5. （2018 四川泸州中考改编）It5. （2018 四川泸州中考改编）Itabout eight minutes for the light to travel fromthe sun to the earth.A. costsB. spends C. takes考点二动词短语辨析常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同 动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。1.同一

14、动词的不同搭配look 短语look after 照料；照顾 look at 看look for寻找；寻求look forward to盼望；期待look out注意；当心；向外看look through快速查看;浏览look up（在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看look up to钦佩;仰慕(1) cut短语cut down 砍倒 cut off 切除cut out删除；删去cut up切碎run短语run after 追逐； 追赶 run away 跑开run out (of)用尽；耗尽(2) turn 短语turn down 调低 turn up 调高turn. . . int

15、o 变成turn 0n接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开turn off 关掉 turn left/right 向左/右转take 短语take after (外貌或行为)像 take care of照顾；处理take down拆除；往下拽；记录take in吸入；吞入(体内)take off脱下；起飞take place发生；出现take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做(3) get短语get dressed穿上衣服 get into陷入；参与get lost迷路 get off下车 get on上车get on with 与相处get up起床；站起use短语be/get used to

16、习惯于be used to do被用来做used to曾经； 过去give 短语give away赠送；捐赠give out分发；散发give up放弃 give in屈服give off发出（光、气味等）；长出（枝、杈等）call短语call （sb.） back（给某人）回电话call in召来；叫来call up打电话给（某人）；征召（10） come 短语come true实现；成为现实come up with想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）（ll）bring 短语bring back恢复；使想起；归还bring up养育；抚养bring out使显现；使表现出fall 短语fall

17、asleep进入梦乡；睡着fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fall in love爱上；喜欢上 fall over绊倒go短语go along （the street）沿着（这条街）走go off （闹钟）发出响声go out外出（娱乐）（12） make 短语make sure确保；查明make up编造（故事、谎言等）make a decision 做决定make fun of 取笑make use of 利用（13） put 短语put on增加（体重）；发胖put off推迟put up搭起；举起；张贴put away收拾（整理）好put sth. to good use好好利用

18、某物 put out熄灭（14） set 短语set out出发；启程set up建起；建立一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配(l)up短语cheer up (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来clean up打扫(或清除)干净dress up装扮；乔装打扮end up最终成为；最后处于fix up修理；装饰grow up长大；成熟hurry up赶快；急忙pick up捡起；接电话show up赶到；露面stay up熬夜wake up醒；叫醒(2) out短语blow out 吹灭check out察看；观察 clear out清理；丢掉find out查明；弄清hand out 分发hang out闲逛

19、；常去某处lay out摆开；布置leave out不包括；不提及；忽略sell out 卖光set out出发；启程work out成功地发展；解决(3) down 短语die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失look down瞧不起let. . . down 使失望 lie down 躺下pull. . . down拆下；摧毁write down写下；记录下（4）with 短语agree with同意；赞成compare. with 比较；对比connect. with.把和连接或联系起来deal with应付； 处理 share with分享part with放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的东西）3.

20、完全不同的动词词组ask for请求；恳求（给予）care for照顾；非常喜欢believe in信任；信赖 care about关心；在意clean. . . off 把擦掉depend on依靠；信赖divide. into 把分开separate from 分开； 分离hear from接到（某人的）信、电话等throw away扔掉；抛弃drop by顺便访问；随便进入stick to坚持；固守 pay attention to注意；关注pass by路过；经过pay for付费；付出代价prepare for.为做准备pull together齐心协力;通力合作shut off关闭

21、；停止运转take sb., s place代替、替换某人的位置think of 认为、跟踪训练（2018 山东荷泽单县常青学校模拟三）一It，s time for the weather report. Could I the TV, Dad?Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.A. turn onB. turn offC. turn down1. （2018 山东临沂费县一模改编）In a basketball game, it s very important for the playe

22、rs to play together and the best in each other.A. hand outB. bring outC. take out2. （2018 黑龙江哈尔滨道外模拟）一One of the biggest problems for me is procrastination（拖延症）.What should I do?一what you need to do first, and go for it today.A. Watch outB. Work outC. Wear outthe letter b when you3. （2018 湖北丹江口 3月诊断

23、改编）一Be careful not to spell the word “climb” .一Thank you for reminding me of that.A. lay outB. leave outC. bring out（2018 江苏常州常熟一模改编）一Excuse me, sir. But smoking is not allowed here.一Sorry, I didn t see the sign. I 11 my cigarette（香烟）at once.A. put outB. put awayC. put up（2018 安徽中考改编）Some animals ca

24、n the color around to protect themselves.A. take onB. see offC. put away（2018 湖北襄阳中考改编）一Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?一I m afraid not. You can t today, s work till tomorrow.A. put offB. turn downC. give away8. （2018 湖北宜昌中考改编）一We re not supposed to8. （2018 湖北宜昌中考改编）一We re not supposed tot

25、hose who failed.No one can be a winner all the time.A. turn outB. laugh atC. spread out考点三情态动词原形与过去式用法例句can/could表示能力（ = be able to）Tom can swim.= Tom is able to swim.（疑问句中）表示请求Can I help you?Could you give us a hand?（否定、疑问句中）表示可能性Can the news be true?The boy can t be Jim.may/might表示可能性（可与maybe互换）To

26、ny may know the way. =Maybe Tony knows the way.表示客气请求May I come in?表示祝愿May you be happy.must表示义务、命令或要求We must tell the truth to our parents.表示肯定的猜测（否定猜测用cad t）Lisa must be at home.（推测现在状况）You must be kidding.（推测现在正在发生）They must have seen the movie.（推测过去状况）shall/shouldShall. ?用于第一人称表示提建议或请求Shall we a

27、sk the teacher for help?should用于各种人称，强调义务或责任He shouldn t be so selfish.will/would用于第二人称，疑问句中表示征求意见或提建议Will/Would you please take out the rubbish?will用于各种人称表示意愿Your parents will try their best to help you.1. 情态动词过去式与原形相比，表示更委婉的语气。2. mustn? t表示否定意义，意为“禁止，不允许”。3. have to有人称、数和时态的变化，表示受客观条件限制，意为“不得不”。She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公共汽车去上班。4. “May.？ ”句式的否定回答是“N。，.can t.。“Must.？ ”句式的否定回答是“No,.needn, t. /. don t have to. ”。、跟踪训练1. （2018 山东荷泽单县常青学校模拟三）I，ve ordered some pizza, so we worry about cooking when we get home tired.A. can, tB. mustn, tC. needn, t