光纤通信课程设计课件Class9&10-03.pptx

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1、Class 9&10 Class 9&10Future Optical AmplifierDesign of Hybrid Amplifier Gain Optimization Gain Balance Noise FigureExerciseWhats the Next for Optical Amplifiers?Intelligent EDFAsEDFA is back to normalAmplifiers in Midlife(midlife crisis?)From wiki Midlife crisis is a term coined in 1965 by Elliott J

2、aques and used in Western societies to describe a period of dramatic self-doubt that is felt by some individuals in the middle years or middle age of life,as a result of sensing the passing of their own youth and the imminence of their old age.Sometimes,a crisis can be triggered by transitions exper

3、ienced in these years,such as extramarital affairs,andropause or menopause,the death of parents or other causes of grief,unemployment or underemployment,realizing that a job or career is hated but not knowing how else to earn an equivalent living,or children leaving home.The result may be a desire t

4、o make significant changes in core aspects of day-to-day life or situation,such as in career,work-life balance,marriage,romantic relationships,large expenditures,or physical appearance.Core Network EvolutionCommoditization of AmplifiersReconfigurable Networks need Fast Gain ControlHybridAmplifiersPa

5、rt ICombiningRamanAmplificationwithAmplificationbyEDFAinLonghaulWDMSystemsOutlineOverviewofRamanandEDFAscombinedamplificationHybridamplifierissuesComparisonofdifferentamplifiedsystemconfigurationsGainbalancebetweenRamanandEDFAsOverview of Raman and EDFAs Combined AmplificationWhy use Hybrid Amplifie

6、rsEnlarges the transmission capacity of broadband systems“Upgrading”the existing systems built with EDFA amplifiers with broader/flatter bandwidthAbility to carry more wavelength-multiplexed optical channels at given spacing among the channelsRaman amplification gives flexibility to the selected ban

7、d amplificationLess sensitive to nonlinear effects systems point-of-viewBasic Idea of Hybrid AmplifiersPrinciple of working/Operating ModeFlatten EDFA gain by using Raman gainImprove gain performance at longer signalwavelengthsTypical ConfigurationsRaman Amplifiers setup in different configurations:

8、DiscreteDistributedbackward-,forward-and bidirectional pumpednumerous types of fibers(DSF,DCF to beused as SRS active media)EDFAs setup considers:series or parallel configurationsingle or multiple fiber stagesC-and L-band regionsHybrid Amplifiers IssuesThe Hybrid Amplifiers studies are concerned wit

9、h:maximizing the span length and/or minimizing theimpairments of fiber nonlinearitiesenhancing the EDFAs bandwidthdesigning“optimal”hybrid amplifiers in order toobtain flat and widest output gain performanceComparing Different System ConfigurationResults Obtained After Comparing the 3 Types of Syste

10、msConsidering in-line and pre-amplification functions:Long-haul EDFA-only systems are limited by OSNR and NL effectsRaman-only systems tend to be limited by a reduction of SNR caused by double Rayleigh backscatteringCombination of distributed Raman and EDFAs present better performance than conventio

11、nal EDFA-only systemsRaman complement EDFAs in terrestrial high capacity long haul applicationsOptimizing Hybrid Amplifier in a SystemGain Balance Between Raman and EDFAsComplex problem with several degrees of freedom-optimization techniqueMain considerations to determine the optimum gainbalance bet

12、ween Raman and EDFAsMost important parameters-OSNR,gain-flatness,bandwidth-number of channels,number of spans,-Maximum transmission capacityFocusing on Extending the BandwidthIncrease the number of transmitted channelsGain flatnessOptimize the hybrid amplifier performance-Gain,-NF,-OSNRTechniques th

13、at Enlarge Flattened Gain-Bandwidth of“Discrete”Fiber AmplifiersI.New host materials fluoride-and telluride-based EDFAs thulium-doped fiber amplifierII.Using EDFAs with GEQ+discrete Raman amplifierIII.Different amplifier configurationstwo-gain bandparallel/series configuration multiple fiber stagega

14、in-equalizing(GEQ)filtersTypical Values Observed in Hybrid Amplifiers Bandwidth 40 nm Gain 15 25 dB Gain Ripple 11.3%Noise Figure 32 dBExamples of Wide Flattened Bandwidth forDiscrete Raman/Hybrid Fiber AmplifierPart IIDesignHybridAmplifierOutline1.Modelsrequiredinthesimulations2.Hybridamplifierdesi

15、gnedtoLAN3.Gainandnoisefigureresults4.Ahybridamplifiersetupinmultiplefiberstages5.CharacterizationandperformanceinasystemModels Required in the SimulationsEDFA Modeling:Solve rate and propagating equations for pump,signal,and ASE,considering non-linear effects present in the fiber propagation.Raman

16、Amplifier Modeling:Solve the rate and propagation equations for pump,signal,and ASE in the Raman fiber amplifierHybrid Amplifiers Designed for Local Area Networks*LAN and MAN applications-Gave 20 dB-Net gain 10 dBDistributed Raman fiber amplifier in series witha remotely pumped discrete EDFAC-band a

17、nd L-BandWDM signal inputOptimized design parameters*Karasek et al.,IEE Proc.-Optoelectron.Vol.148,No.3,p.150,Hybrid Amplifier Layout-copropagatingPumping Power SettingInput Signals SettingEvaluating Results in the C-band Wavelength RangeRaman Output SpectraTotal Powers along the EDFAResults in L-ba

18、nd Wavelength RangeIn-class Exercise Design a hybrid amp to observe gain balance as well as noise figure/OSNR equalizationCounter-propagation pumping v.s.co-propagation pumpingParameters:Pumping wavelengthPump laser positionPumping powerFiber length,Effective areaRaman amp locationResidual power pum

19、ping for EDFA-reduce#of lasersFuture Amplifier:Extending from C+L to S,E bandOutline Standardization activities in optical amplifiers Trends in optical amplifiers Current standardization issuesOptical amplifiers-Transparency of physical layer-Specific parameters:Output power,Gain,Noise figure,-Indep

20、endent on signal formats,bit rate,etc-NRZ,RZ,duobinary,OTU1,OTU2,Cooperation with IEC IEC roleSelection of specific parametersDefinition of the parametersTest method of the parametersoptical power,gain,noise figure,etc.ITU-T roleRequirement from the viewpoint of optical systems based on IEC definiti

21、on and test methodCooperation with IEC-SC86C-WG3 in Rec.G.661Table 1/G.661 Recommended test methods for parameters defined in clause 4Group of test Group of test parameters parametersParameters of Parameters ofclause 4 involved clause 4 involvedTest Method(TM)Test Method(TM)IEC Basic IEC BasicSpecif

22、ication number Specification numberGain parameters Gain parameters 4.1 to 4.8,4.10,4.1 to 4.8,4.10,4.32,4.39,4.40 4.32,4.39,4.4061290-1-1:Optical spectrum analyser TM 61290-1-1:Optical spectrum analyser TM61290-1-2:Electrical spectrum analyser 61290-1-2:Electrical spectrum analyser TM TM61290-1-3:Op

23、tical power meter TM 61290-1-3:Optical power meter TMOptical power parameters Optical power parameters 4.9,4.11,4.12,4.9,4.11,4.12,4.25,4.28,4.29 4.25,4.28,4.2961290-2-1:Optical spectrum analyser TM 61290-2-1:Optical spectrum analyser TM61290-2-2:Electrical spectrum analyser 61290-2-2:Electrical spe

24、ctrum analyser TM TM61290-2-3:Optical power meter TM 61290-2-3:Optical power meter TMNoise parameters Noise parameters 4.13 to 4.15,4.33 4.13 to 4.15,4.33 to 4.36 to 4.3661290-3-1:Optical spectrum analyser TM 61290-3-1:Optical spectrum analyser TM61290-3-2:Electrical spectrum analyser 61290-3-2:Elec

25、trical spectrum analyser TM TM61290-3-3:Pulse optical TM(under study)61290-3-3:Pulse optical TM(under study)Reflectance parameters Reflectance parameters 4.16 to 4.19,4.38 4.16 to 4.19,4.38 61290-5-1:Optical spectrum analyser TM 61290-5-1:Optical spectrum analyser TM61290-5-2:Electrical spectrum ana

26、lyser 61290-5-2:Electrical spectrum analyser TM TM61290-5-3:Electrical spectrum analyser 61290-5-3:Electrical spectrum analyser TM(for reflectance tolerance)TM(for reflectance tolerance)Pump leakage parameters Pump leakage parameters 4.20,4.21 4.20,4.21 61290-6-1:Optical demultiplexer TM 61290-6-1:O

27、ptical demultiplexer TMInsertion loss parameters Insertion loss parameters 4.22,4.23,4.37 4.22,4.23,4.37 61290-7-1:Filtered optical power meter 61290-7-1:Filtered optical power meter TM TMRecommendations and publications for optical amplifiers ITU-T SG15 RecommendationsG.661:Definition and test meth

28、ods for the relevant generic parameters of Optical AmplifiersG.662:Generic characteristics of Optical Amplifier devices and sub-systemsG.663:Application-related aspects of Optical Amplifier devices and sub-systems and comprehensive Appendix on transmission-related aspects IEC TC86 SC86C PublicationsGeneric specificationTest methodPerformance specification template