高考英语考试大纲.pdf

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1、2018 高 考考 试大 纲 考核目标与要求 一、语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500 左右。二、语言运用 1听力 要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。2阅读 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）

2、理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。3写作 要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。4口语 要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。附录 1 语音项目表 1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音

3、2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音 3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化 4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏 5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用 6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧 7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异 附录 2 语法项目表 1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格 2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词 3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词 4.介词和介词短语 5.连词 6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词 9.动词(1)动词

4、的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词 10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时 11.被动语态 12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式 13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写 14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句 15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语 16.简单句的基本句型 17.

5、主谓一致 18.并列复合句 19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句 20.间接引语 21.省略 22.倒装 23.强调 24.虚拟语气 附录 3 功能意念项目表 1.社会交往(Social Communications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells)(4)感谢(Thanks)(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratu

6、lations)(9)提供帮助(Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会(Making appointments)(12)打电话(Making telephone calls)(13)就餐(Having meals)(14)就医(Seeing the doctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Asking the way)(17)谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19)提醒注意(Remind

7、ing)(20)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(In

8、tentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42

9、)恐惧(Fear)(43)愤怒(Anger)4.时间(Time)(44)时刻(Point of time)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)(50)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7.特征(Features)(52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)(54)材料(Material)(55)价格(Price)(56)规格(Size)(5

10、7)年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)(58)长度(Length)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9.比较(Comparison)(62)同级比较(Equal comparison)(63)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10.逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65)原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66)目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)单位

11、(Employer)附录 4 话题项目表 1.个人情况(Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family,friends and people around)3.周围的环境(Personal environments)4.日常活动(Daily routines)5.学校生活(School life)6.兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals,holid

12、ays and celebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Food and drink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)15.文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17.语言学习(Language learning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题(Topical issues)

13、22.历史与地理(History and geography)23.社会(Society)24.文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表 A a(an)art abandon v ability n able a abnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion n about ad&prep above prep,a&ad abroad ad abrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a&n absurd a abundant a abuse v academi

14、c a&n academy n accelerate v accent n accept v access n&v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v&n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre

15、 n across prep act n&v action n active a activity n actor n actress n actual a acute a AD abbr ad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation n add v addicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a&n adopt v

16、 adore v adult n advance v&n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair n affect v affection n afford v afraid a Africa n African a&n after ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s)ad again ad against prep age n agency n agenda n agent n aggressive a ago ad a

17、gree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead ad aid n&v AIDS n aim n&v air n aircraft n airline n airmail n album n alcohol n alcoholic a&n algebra n alike ad alive a all ad,a&pron allergic a alley n allocate v allow v allowance n almost ad alone a along ad&prep alongside ad aloud ad alphab

18、et n already ad also ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum)n always ad am v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur a amaze v amazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n&v ample a amuse v amusement n analyse v

19、 analysis n ancestor n anchor v&n ancient a and conj anecdote n anger n angle n angry a animal n ankle n anniversary n announce v annoy v annual a another a&pron Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious a any pron&a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad&a apa

20、rtment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v&n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v&n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n&v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron n arbitrary a arch n archi

21、tect n architecture n Arctic a are v(be)area n argue v argument n arise(arose,arisen)v arithmetic n arm n&v armchair n army n around ad&prep arrange v arrangement n arrest v arrival n arrive v arrow n art n article n artificial a artist n as ad,conj&prep ash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a&n aside ad ask

22、 v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v&n attain v attempt v&n attend v attention n attit

23、ude n attract v attraction n attractive a audience n aunt n authentic a author n authority n automatic a autonomous a autumn n available a avenue n average a&n avoid v awake(awoke,awoken)v&a award n aware a away ad awesome a awful a awkward a B baby n bachelor n back ad,a&n background n backward(s)a

24、d bacon n bacterium(pl bacteria)n bad(worse,worst)a badminton n bag n baggage n bakery n balance n balcony n ball n ballet n balloon n bamboo n ban n&v banana n band n bandage n bank n bar n barbecue n barber n barbershop n bare a bargain n&v bark v&n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a b

25、asin n basis n basket n basketball n bat n bath n bathe v bathroom n bathtub n battery n battle n bay n BC abbr be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)v beach n bean n bean curd n bear1 n bear2 v beard n beast n beat(beat,beaten)v&n beautiful a beauty n because conj become(became,become)v bed n beddings n

26、 bedroom n bee n beef n beer n before prep,ad&conj beg v begin(began,begun)v behalf n behave v behavior(Am behavior)n behind prep&ad being n belief n believe v bell n belly n belong v below prep belt n bench n bend(bent,bent)v beneath prep beneficial a benefit n&v bent a&n beside prep besides prep&a

27、d betray v between prep beyond prep bicycle n bid v&n big a bike=bicycle n bill n bingo n biochemistry n biography n biology n bird n birth n birthday n birthplace n biscuit n bishop n bit n bite(bit,bitten)v bitter a black a&n blackboard n blame n&v blank n&a blanket n bleed v bless v blind a block

28、 n&v blood n blouse n blow(blew,blown)v blue n&a board n&v boat n body n boil v bomb n&v bond n&v bone n bonus n book n&v boom n&v boot n booth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a&pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v&n bowl n bo

29、wling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v brain n brake n&v branch n brand n brave a bravery n bread n break(broke,broken)v&n breakfast n breakthrough n breast n breath n breathe v breathless a brewery n brick n bride n bridegroom n bridge n brief a bright a brilliant a bring(brought,brought)v broad a

30、broadcast(broadcast,broadcast 或-ed,-ed)v brochure n broken a broom n brother n brown n&a brunch n brush v&n Buddhism n budget n buffet n build(built,built)v building n bunch n bungalow n burden n bureaucratic a burglar n burn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed)v&n burst v bury v bus n bush n business n businessma

31、n/woman(pl businessmen/women)n busy a but conj&prep butcher n&v butter n butterfly n button n&v buy(bought,bought)v by prep bye int C cab n cabbage n cafe n cafeteria n cage n cake n calculate v call n&v calm a&v camel n camera n camp n&v campaign n can1(could);cant=cannot modal v can2 n canal n can

32、cel v cancer n candidate n candle n candy n canteen n cap n capital n capsule n captain n caption n car n carbon n card n care n&v careful a careless a carpenter n carpet n carriage n carrier n carrot n carry v cartoon n carve v case n cash n&v cassette n cast(cast,cast)v castle n casual a cat n cat

33、alogue n catastrophe n catch(caught,caught)v category n cater v Catholic a cattle n cause n&v caution n cautious a cave n CD=compact disk n ceiling n celebrate v celebration n cell n cent n centigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter)n central a centre(Am center)n century n ceremony n certain a certificat

34、e n chain n chair n chairman/woman(pl chairmen/women)n chalk n challenge n challenging a champion n chance n change n&v changeable a channel n chant v&n chaos n chapter n character n characteristic a&n charge v&n chart n chat n&v cheap a cheat n&v check n&v cheek n cheer n&v cheerful a cheers int ch

35、eese n chef n chemical a&n chemist n chemistry n cheque(Am check)n chess n chest n chew v chicken n chief a&n child(pl children)n childhood n chocolate n choice n choir n choke n&v choose(chose,chosen)v chopsticks n chorus n Christian n Christmas n church n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n&v ci

36、rcuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen n city n civil a civilian n civilization n clap v clarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw n clay n clean v&a cleaner n clear a clerk n clever a click v climate n climb v clinic n clock n clone v close a&ad cloth n clothe

37、s n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach n coal n coast n coat n cocoa n coffee n coin n coincidence n coke n cold a&n collar n colleague n collect v collection n college n collision n colour(Am color)n&v comb n&v combine v come(came,come)v comedy n comfort n comfortable a command n&v c

38、omment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n&a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a&v complex a&n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compuls

39、ory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v&n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequ

40、ence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a co

41、ntrary n&a contribute v contribution n control v&n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n&v cooker n cookie n cool a copy n&v corn n corner n corporation n correct v&a correction n correspond v corrupt a&v cost n&v cosy(Am cozy)a cottage n

42、 cotton n&a cough n&v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course n court n courtyard n cousin n cover n&v cow n crash v&n crayon n crazy a cream n create v creature n credit n crew n crime n criminal n criterion(pl criteria)n crop n cross n&v crossing n crossro

43、ads n crowd n&v cruel a cry n&v cube n cubic a cuisine n culture n cup n cupboard n cure n&v curious a currency n curriculum n curtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs n cut(cut,cut)v&n cycle v cyclist n dad=daddy n daily a,ad&n dam n damage n&v damp a&n dance n&v danger n dangerous a dare v&

44、modal v dark a&n darkness n dash v&n data n database n date n&v daughter n dawn n day n dead a deadline n deaf a deal n dear a death n debate n&v debt n decade n decide v decision n declare v decline v decorate v decoration n decrease v deed n deep a&ad deer n defeat v defence(Am defense)n defend v

45、degree n delay n&v delete v&n deliberately ad delicate a delicious a delight n delighted a deliver v demand v dentist n department(Dept.)n departure n depend v deposit v&n depth n describe v description n desert v&n deserve v design v&n desire v&n desk n desperate a dessert n destination n destroy v

46、 detective n determine v develop v development n devote v devotion n diagram n dial v dialogue(Am dialog)n diamond n diary n dictation n dictionary n die v diet n differ v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig(dug,dug)v digest v digital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dino

47、saur n dioxide n dip v diploma n direct a&v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n

48、disgusting a dish n disk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive v diverse a divide v division n divorce v dizzy a do(did,done)v doctor n document n dog n doll n dollar n donate v door n dormitory(dorm)n dot n do

49、uble a&n doubt n&v down prep&ad download n&v downstairs ad downtown ad,n&a dozen n Dr=doctor n draft n&v drag v draw(drew,drawn)v drawback n drawer n dream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed)n&v dress n&v drill n&v drink(drank,drunk)v drive(drove,driven)v driver n drop n&v drug n drum n drunk a dry v&a duck n d

50、ue a dull a dumpling n during prep dusk n dust n dustbin n dusty a duty n DVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic a dynasty n E each a&pron eager a eagle n ear n early a&ad earn v earth n earthquake n east a,ad&n Easter n eastern a easy a eat(ate,eaten)v ecology n edge n edition n editor n educate v ed