2023届北京市东城区高三一模英语试卷（解析版）.pdf

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1、北京市东城区2022-2023学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）英语2023.3本试卷共11页，共 100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共 10小题;每小题L 5 分，共 15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Bernard,the 82-year-old retired police officer,was heartbroken when he hisprecious medal.His h

2、ouse was broken into last December.The thief took away some jewelry,somecash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of 2 with Liverpool Police Station.Hebelieved the medal was gone forever.Three months later,David,a young volunteer pulled the medal from a river in a“one-in-a-million“catch.Th

3、e young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool.He hadbeen using a large magnet（磁铁）to 3 metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes whenhe found a small blue metal box.“I would have never found the medal if we hadnt 4 all the rubbish in the river first,said David.At first,we found old

4、bits of shopping carts and other metal items but about half anhour later,I pulled out the 5,and its got Police Long Service Medal written on it,Itreally was like finding a needle in a haystack（干草堆）6,the medal was carved with Bernards name and the medal number,which Davidused to 7 the seniors phone n

5、umber online.The retired police officer was 8when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river,still in its metal box.And whenhe was told it would be 9 to him by the young man who found it,his face lit up.David thenplanned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him.“This

6、was truly the best 10 fbr cleaning up that rubbish.It9s amazing,Davidsaid.1.A.damagedB.lostC.soldD.dirtied2.A.businessB.communicationC.cooperationD.service3.A.netB.siteC.cupD.fish4.A.tackledB.desertedC.recycledD.buried5.A.magnetB.rubbishC.boxD.jewelry6.A.ApparentlyB.ThankfullyC.GraduallyD.Consequent

7、ly7.A.trackB.recallC.recordD.dial8.A.nervousB.astonishedC.proudD.embarrassed9.A.awardedB.submittedC.presentedD.addressed10.A.driveB.proofC.wishD.reward【答案】l.B 2.D3.D 4.A5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B9.C 10.D【解析】【导语】本文为一记叙文。退休警察贝尔纳家遭小偷光顾，丢失的物件包括他珍贵的勋章，三个月后，利物浦参加垃圾清理计划的志愿者大卫在河道清理时，意外打捞到装有勋章的盒子，并按照上面的信息，找到了他，并交还给了他。【

8、1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝尔纳是一名82岁的退休警察，他失去了珍贵的勋章，伤心欲绝。A.damaged 损 坏;B.lost 丢失;C.sold 出售；D.dirtied 弄脏。根据第一段“The thief tookaway some jewelry,some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of 2_withLiverpool Police Slation.（小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局工作32年而获得的珍贵勋章。）”可知，小偷偷了贝尔纳的勋章，所以贝尔纳失去了（lost）勋章。故选B项。【2

9、 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局任职32年而获得的珍贵勋章。A.business 业务；B.communication 沟 通;C.cooperation 合 作;D.service服务。根据句中的his treasured medal given for his 32 years可知，这个勋章是因为他多年的工作而得到的，此处考查名词serve,意 为“长期、受到敬重的工作，效劳，服务”，常用名词短语service w ith.,意 为“在任职，工作”，故选D 项。【3 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾3 0 分钟后

10、，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。A.net净赚；B.site使坐落在；C.cup做成杯状；D.fish搜寻，摸找。此处考查动词短语fish sth out of s th,意 为“从中取出，拿出，拖出”，根据上一句 The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool.（这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。）”，磁铁可以吸附一些金属，故这位年轻人用磁铁吸附河道里的金属垃圾，以清理河道。故选D 项。【4 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们没有先处理河里的所有垃圾，我永远不会找到勋章。A.tackled 处理；B.des

11、erted 遗弃；C.recycled 回收；D.buried 掩埋。根据上文“The young manwas in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool.He had been using a large magnet（磁铁）to_3 metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box.（这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾30分钟后，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。）”可知，这个垃圾清理计划包括了清理

12、河道里的金属垃圾，tackled符合语境。故选A 项。【5 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，我们发现了购物车和其他金属物品的旧碎片，但大约半小时后，我拽出一个盒子，上面写着“警察长期服务勋章”，真的就像大海捞针一样。A.magnet磁铁；B.rubbish 垃圾；C.box 盒子；D.jewelry 珠宝。根据下文“The retired police officer was8 when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river,still in its metal box.（当这位退休警官接到电话说勋章在

13、河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。）”可知，勋章存放在盒子（box）里。故选C 项。【6 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的电话号码。A.Apparently显然；B.Thankfully谢天谢地；C.Gradually逐渐；D.Consequently因此。能够通过勋章上的信息找到失主，是一件庆幸的事，Thankfully符合语境。故选B 项。【7 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的电话号码。A.track追查；B.recall

14、回想起；C.record记录；D.dial拨号。句中的 the medal was carved with Bernards name and the medal number 可知，勋章上的信息方便David追 查（track）到失主的电话号码。故选A 项。【8 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：（当这位退休警官接到电话说勋章在河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。A.nervous紧张的；B.astonished惊 讶;C.proud骄 傲;D.embarrassed 尴尬。根据第一段最后一句He believed the medal was gone forever.（他以为奖

15、章永远消失了。）”可知，原本伯纳德认为，勋章再也找不回来了，但现在有人打电话告知勋章的下落，他惊讶，在情理之中。故选B 项。【9 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他被告知发现它的年轻人将把它交给他时，他的脸上露出了笑容。A.awarded 授予；B.submitted 屈 服;C.presented 提交，交 给;D.addressed 致辞。根据下文*David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him.（随后，大卫计划去拜访伯纳德，并把奖章还给了他。）”可知，David不但找到了失主，还亲自把勋章

16、交给了 （presented）他。故选 C 项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实是清理垃圾的最好回报。A.drive驱动；B.proof证明；C.wish愿望；D.reward奖励，回报。根 据 下 文 amazing（这事令人惊奇）”，上 文UI pulledout the 5,and its got Police Long Service MedaP written on it,It really was like findinga needle in a haystack（干草堆）.（我拽出一个盒子，上 面 写 着 警察长期服务勋章，真的就像大海捞针一样。）”可知，清理河道金

17、属垃圾的过程中，意外发现勋章，并归还失主，实属意料之外的好事，reward符合语境。故选D 项。第二节 语法填空（共 10小题;每小题L5分，共 15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On a particular sunny day,little Mykel was determined to learn to ride his bike without the helpof training wheels.When the neighborhood kids 11（spot）Mykel shak

18、ily controlling hisbike,they raced over 12（help）.Some held the bike steady while others offeredencouragement.Mykel was not alone as he tried to reach his goal of learning to ride his bike!Somethings are 13（easy）said than done.However,with a little help from friends,things gobetter!【答案】11.spotted12.t

19、o help13.easier【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Mykel学习骑自行车时得到周围孩子的帮助的故事。1 1 题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：当邻居的孩子们发现Mykel摇摇晃晃地控制着他的自行车时，他们跑过去帮忙。根据上文的时间状语On a particular sunny day”及主句中的raced”可知，文章是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填spotted。【12题详解】考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to help。【13题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：有些事说起来容易做起来难。根据than可知此处应用

20、形容词比较级。故填easier。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Renewable methods for 14(produce)electricity,such as wind turbines and solarpanels,can only provide power on the days 15 wind blows or the sun shines.Electricbatteries 16(use)to store energy are expensive and can also be

21、polluting.Finnishscientists came up with a simple solution that puts unwanted green electricity to work,heating 100tons of sand to around 500.The sand stays hot fbr months;when energy 17(require),air can be pumped through it and heated up.The air in turn heats a system that supplies hot water toheat

22、 nearby houses.【答案】14.producing15.when 16.are used17.is required【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰科学家提出的一个利用沙子的可再生发电方式。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。空前为介词f o r,故空处需要填动名词doing的形式构 成“介宾”结构。故填producing。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词thed

23、ays,表“时间”，从句中不缺主、宾、表和定语，故填关系副词。故填when。【16题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：用来储存能量的电池价格昂贵，而且会造成污染。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词use和复数主语Electric batteries为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be done的形式。故填are used。【17题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当需要能量时，空气可以通过它来加热。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词require和单数主语energy为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be done的形式。故填is requiredc阅

24、读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The idea of writing a poem might feel frightening 18(initial)do you need to followa certain structure,does it need to have a rhyme,or do you need to have recited a dictionary to be a“proper poet?The truth is:absolutely not.While there are“

25、types“of poem that offer stiucture toserve 19 a guide,the reality is that poetry doesnt have to follow a set of rulesits muchmore about conveying a feeling,and that opens up a lot of creative 20(free)for us toexplore.【答案】18.initially19.as 20.freedom【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了写诗让人害怕的原因，并解释道，诗歌不需要遵 循“死板”

26、的规则。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：一开始写诗 想法可能会让人害怕一一你是否需要遵循某种结构，它是否需要押韵，或者你是否需要背诵一本字典来成为一个“合适的”诗人？分析句子可知，空处去掉后不影响理解，故需要填副词的形式作状语。故填initially。【19题详解】考查固定短语。句意：虽然有一些“类型”的诗歌提供了结构作为指导，但现实是，诗歌并不一定要遵循一套规则。固定短语serve as表 示“用作；充当；作为”，符合句意。故填as。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：它更多的是传达一种感觉，这为我们开辟了许多创作的自由，供我们探索。creative为形容词表示“创新的；创 作 的 ，a lot o

27、f表示 很多，故空处需要填名词。故填 freedom o第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2 分，共 28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEvery year,young,talented,and ambitious nature conservationists from all over the worldshoot their shot for the Future For Nature(FFN)Award,an honorable international award.The Future

28、For Nature aims to:Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wildanimals and plants.,Stimulate award winners to sustain their dedicated work.,Help winners to raise their profile,extend their professional network and strengthen theirfunding basis.Benefi

29、ts,The winners each receive 50,000 euros and may make their own decision to spend themoney in the service of nature conservation.FFN offers the winners a platform and brings their stories to the attention of conservationists,financiers and a wide audience,allowing them to increase their impact and g

30、ain more access tofunds.FFN is building a growing family of winners,dedicated people who form a community ofpeople with the same interest.FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue tolearn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively

31、 aspossible.QualificationsThe candidate：Must be born on or after the 31 st May 1988 and before the 31 st May 2005.,Is able to explain his/her conservation work in fluent English(written and spoken).,Has achieved substantial and long-term benefits to the conservation status of one or moreanimal or pl

32、ant species.,Must be determined to continue his/her conservation work,as the award aims to stimulatethe winners future work.It is not an“end of career44 prize.Additional RemarksFor the 2023 Future For Nature Award,we are again searching for natural leaders,who haveproven that they can make a differe

33、nce in species survival.From all applications,6 to 10 nominees(被提名者)will be selected.These applicants will beasked to provide additional information,which will be used to select the final awardees.Ultimately,three inspiring wildlife heroes are selected as the winners.Application Process:Apply online

34、 through the 4即修 Now link.Application Deadline:May 1st,2023.21.Which is one of the aims of the Future For Nature?A.To aid more green groups.B.To fund academic education.C.To inspire conservation efforts.D.To raise environmental awareness.22.The winners will get the chance to.A.consult top specialist

35、s B.meet like-minded peopleC.benefit the local community D.promote self-created platforms23.To apply for the 2023 Future For Nature Award,candidates must.A.meet the age requirement B.apply via mail by the deadlineC turn in the application in English D.provide additional personalinformation【答案】21.C 2

36、2.B 23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍自然的未来奖（FFN）的目的，益处，资格和申请候选人等相关信息。2 1 题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题 The Future For Nature aims to:中的-Reward and fund individualsfor their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plants.（奖励和资助在保护野生动植物物种方面做出突出努力的个人）和 Stimulate award winners to sustain theirded

37、icated work.（激励获奖者保持他们的敬业精神）”可知，FFN的目标之一是激励保护工作，故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题 The Future For Nature aims to:中的“FFN is building a growingfamily of winners,dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest.FFNoffers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each

38、other in order tocontinue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.（FFN 正在建立一个不断壮大的赢家家庭，由具有相同兴趣的人组成一个社区。FFN为他们提供了彼此见面的机会，并继续相互学习，以便尽可能高效和有效地继续为自然而战）”可知，获胜者将有机会认识志同道合的人。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题 Qualifications 中的 The candidate:Must be born on or after the 31 stMay 1988 and befor

39、e the 31st May 2005.（候 选 人:1988 年 5 月 31 日或之后，2005 年 5 月 31日之前出生）”可知，要申请2023年自然未来奖，候选人必须符合年龄要求。故选A。BThe sign on the librarians desk read:Readers Wanted for Project Read Aloud.Sherenestared at it as the librarian stamped the book that she had selected for her weekly reading fare with areturn by date.

40、“What is Project Read Aloud?”Sherene asked.“Heres the brochure about it.There5s a form inside to fill out if you want to become a reader.There is no pay,by the way,“the librarian said with a smile.Sherene walked home.She loved living within walking distance of her towns public library.She loved to s

41、it in one of the overstuffed reading chairs in the reading room with the smell of booksall around her and lose herself in a book.She had moved away after high school and had recentlymoved back.The library and fond memories of her childhood had drawn her back to this smalltown.Once home,she sat down

42、to read the brochure,which said,4 Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions,because weighingadvantages and disadvantages takes great efforts.43.In addition to the strategies in the passage,please suggest another way to make good decisions.(In about 40 words)答案】40.The

43、idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practisingself-control.41.Because thats when people feel least tired.42.Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions,because weighingadvantages and disadvantages takes great efforts.According to the

44、 passage over-thinking mayoverestimate the value of information,so sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct tomake decisions.43.I think when you make a decision,that decision is a good way to realize the values that youhold,but you can also afford the worst consequences of it.【解析】【导语】

45、这是一篇说明文。我们都喜欢认为自己是理性的思考者，但糟糕的决定和选择在我们周围随处可见。就此现象文章给出了做正确决定的一些方法。40题详解】考查词句猜测。根据划线词下文“the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for makingdecisions and practising self-control.（认为我们在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限的想法）”可知，“decision fatigue”是指认为自己在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限。故答案为：The idea that we all have a limi

46、ted store of energy for making decisions andpractising self-control.4 1 题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with aseemingly unsolvable problem,only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning.Sodecisions made when we feel least tired are more likely

47、to be the right ones.（我们大多数人都会有这样的经历：带着一个看似无法解决的问题上床睡觉，第二天早上醒来时却灵光一现。因此，当我们感到最不累的时候做出的决定更有可能是正确的）”可知，人们倾向于在早上做出正确的决定是因为那个时候是人们感到最不累的时候。故答案为：Because thats whenpeople feel least tired.42题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段People often advise making lists of advantages anddisadvantages,and then prioritizing the items in

48、 each list.This can certainly be helpful,but weneed to be careful not to over-think every decision.We may overestimate the value of information,and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct（直觉）.（人们经常建议列出优势和劣势，然后对每个列表中的项目进行优先级排序。这当然会有所帮助，但我们需要小心，不要过度考虑每一个决定。我们可能高估了信息的价值，有时最好还是凭直觉行事）”可

49、知，有时根据直觉做出决定是个不错的主意，是因为有时过度思考会高估了信息的价值。故答案为:Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions,because weighingadvantages and disadvantages takes great efforts.According to the passage over-thinking mayoverestimate the value of information,so sometimes it is a good idea to go

50、with our gut instinct tomake decisions.【43题详解】开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。I think when you make a decision,thatdecision is a good way to realize the values that you hold,but you can also afford the worstconsequences of it.第二节（20分）4 4.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim所在的学校即将迎来百年校庆。他参与准备活动，负责向来宾介绍学校的变化，问你有什么好的建议。请你用英文