2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习:第10讲-动词及动词短语(二)教案.pdf
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1、课程主题:动 词 及 动 词 词 组(二)2023年 安 徽 省 中 考 英 语 总 复 习 一 轮 复 习学 习 目 标 1.掌握近似词的区别和应用2.掌握动词常考动词词组教学内容【进门测试】1.As a mountain climber.Aron is used t o(t a k e)r i s k s.2.Id like to give my thanks to Alice f o r(s h a r e)her exciting experiences in Africa.3.Y o u(p r o mi s e)to take our boy to Disneyland last
2、year.Dont let him down again.4.The survey shows that few people believe r o b o t s(c o n t r o l)our planet one day.5.You look a b s e n t-mi n d e d.y o u(e x p e c t)someone?一Yes.My e-friend is coming over.Weve never seen each other before.6.“How am I s u p p o s e d(l i v e)without you?”Jane sai
3、d to Dad,tears in eyes.7.You watch TV all the time.You s h o u l d(g o)out and relax!8.The librarian was at me and seemed friendly,(smile)9.Jimmy could not sleep at first.He finally f e l l(s l e e p)when the rainstorm stopped at midnight.10.Taizhou and C h a n g z h o u(s e p a r a te)by the Yangtz
4、e River,and a new bridge will connect the two citiesin the near future.【答案】taking;sharing;promised;will control;Are,expecting;to live;go;smiling;asleep;are separated【多元导学】根据文章猜测词义1.Enjoy a story and pay attention to some phrases while listening.It was rainmg I went into a cafe and askud for a coffee
5、 While I was waiting for my dnnk,I realized therewere other people in the place,but I sensed loneliness.I saw thar bodies,but 1 couldnt feel thar soulsbecause their souls belonged to the Nel.I stood up and walked between the tables,when I came to thebiggest computer,I saw a thin,small man sitting in
6、 front of it Im Steve/he finally replied to me after Iasked him a couple of times what his name was.I can,t talk with you.Im busy,“he said.He was chattingonline and,at the same time,he wasplaying a computer game一a war game.I was surprised.I tried to taUcto him again,he shouted at me,I cant put up wi
7、th you.Leave me alone”That night,I thought everything over,but was at a loss.Are they wrong or I am?【互动精讲】【知识梳理1】动词短语辨析1.say,speak,talk,tell1)say表示说话的内容,作为及物动词使用,后跟宾语或宾语从句。2)speak接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言一般作为不及物动词使用。3)talk表示“同某人谈话“,是不及物动词,与 to,about,with等连用,才可以接宾语。4)te ll表示“告诉,讲述”是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语。例 1:lam su
8、re that he is a lie.A.saying B.talking C.speaking D.telling【答案】D【解析】本题考查四个“说”动词的区别say强调说话的内容;talk为不及物动词,意为“交谈”;speak后接某种语言时为及物动词,作“说话,发言”讲时为不及物动词;tell为及物动词,当“告诉,讲,说”等,经常和story,lie等连用,构成“讲故事”、“说谎”等短语,故本题选D。例 2:Do you know why he didnt a word when he to?Because he was too nervous.A.speak,speaks B.say,
9、was spoken C.say,spoke D.speak,isspoken【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。say“说、讲”,着重说话的内容,speak接语言,speak to s b.其意为“对某人说话”,这里表示被动,意思是“别人给他说话时”。所以选择答案B。2.look,see,watch 和 read 的用法。1)look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用,然后接宾语。Look!The girl is swimming in the lake.Look at the picture carefully.Can you find something unusual?2)se
10、 e 指“看见”某物,强调的是结果。They cant see the words on the blackboard.Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?3)watch指的是“观看”,“注视”之意。The twins are watching TV now.He will go to watch a volleyball match.4)read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。Dont read in the sun.I like to read newspapers when I am free.例 1:I dont often any
11、 books on Sunday evenings,and I often_some football games.A.read,watch B.look at,see C.read,see D.see,watch【答案】A【解析】read指读书,看报;watch指观看,注视;look a t强调看的动作;see指看到的结果,所以正确答案为A3.borrow,lend 和 keep 的区别。1)borrow意思为“借入”,常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.May I bo
12、rrow your dictionary?2)lend是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,同 borrow一样,是非延续性动词,只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.Could you lend us your radio,please?3)keep是“保存”的意思,表示长时间地借,动作可以延续。How long can the recorder be kept?The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.例 1:Can I your bike?With pleasure.But you mustnt i
13、t to others.A.lend;borrowborrow;borrow【答案】BB.borrow;lendC.lend;lendD.【解析】考查动词用法辨析。lend“借出”;borrow“借入”。第一句意为“我能借你的自行车吗?”可知是借对方的东西,因此用borrow;第二句意为“一没关系,但是你不能把它借给别人。”因此用lend。故选B。例 2:Could I your iPad,Alice?一 Of course.Here you are.A.lend B.keep C.borrowD.return【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。lend 借 给;keep借 用(若 干 时 间)”
14、;borrow“借用”;return“归还。问句句意:爱丽丝,我可以借用你的平板电脑吗?所以答案选C。例 3:Excuse me,How long can I(借用)this book?-For two weeks.【答案】keep【解析】句意为不好意思,我能借用这本书多长时间?how long多长时间,多久,是时间段。Keep是延续性动词,可以和表示一段时间的词连用。4.bring,take,carry 和 fetch 的用法。都有“拿”的意思,但用法差别很大,切勿混同。1)bring“拿来、带来”强调从别处带某人或某物来到说话人所在地。如:The teacher asked the stu
15、dents to bring their dictionaries to the class.2)take“拿走、带走”强调人或事物离开说话人所在地,与 bring的关系相当于go与 come的相对关系。如:May I take this magazine home?3)fetch 去取来、去拿来”指去取了东西又回来这一往返过程,相当于go and bring,但不同于bring,如:Please fetch me some chalk.批注:get与 fetch意思相似,多用于口语。Go and get/fetch some water.4)carry”携带、搬运”强调某物从甲地移至乙地,带
16、有物体随身移动但无固定方向。如:He carried the box upstairs.例:Sam,my iPhone is in my bedroom.Could you it for me?一 No problem.A.bring B.fetch C.takeD.carry【答案】B【解析】考查动词take,bring,fetch和 carry的区别。take指把东西“从近处带到远处”,bring指把东西“从远处带到近处%fetch指“去把东西取来”,can y一般指把带东西“带走%且是较重的物品。本题根据句意是“去取来所以选择B 答案。5.wear,put on 和 dress,be i
17、n 的区别1)wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思相当于be in,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调“穿着”的状态。Tom always wears black shoes.2)put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。Its cold.Youd better put on your coat.3)dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词,有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作为不及物动词,表示“穿着”解时,常用于be dressed in+衣服/颜色固定句型中。作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服。dress s b.(给某人穿衣服),而
18、wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即 wear sth,(穿着衣物She always dresses well.Mary is dressing her child.4)be in+表示颜色或衣服的词是系表结构,强调“穿着”“戴着”的状态。The girl in white is my best friend.穿着白色衣服的女孩是我最好的朋友例:The child doesnt need any help.He is old enough to himself.A.put on B.wear C.dressD.take care【答案】C【解析】考查词语辨析。pu
19、t on意为“穿上”,表示动作;wear意为“穿着”,表示状态;put on和 wear的宾语都是服装。dress意为“穿着;打扮”,其宾语为人。而 take care后面跟宾语时,必须加of。根 据 himself可以判断用dress,所以选择答案C批注:在英语中,表示穿的词还有o n 常用句型为sth look adj+on sb 二 sb look adj in sthYou look beautiful in the dress=The dress looks beautiful on you.6.take,spend,cost,pay 和 afford 的用法。1)take 指做某事
20、用多少时间,句型是:It takes/took/will take+sb.+some time+to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.It will take you a whole week to travel through the forest.2)spend 指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是:sb spends+money/time+on something/(in)doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.Mother spent her evenin
21、gs(in)washing clothes.3)cost的主语是物,意为某物花费某人多少钱The coat cost me 50 yuan yesterday.4)pay的主语是人,句 型 是 sb pay(s)money for I paid fbr 50 yuan for the coat.5)afford的主语也是人,意思是支付得起,买的起,常用句型是:afford to do sth/afford sthMany Africans are very poor and so they cant afford to eat much meat.例 1:It about eight minu
22、tes fbr the light to travel from the sun to the earth.A.pays B.costs C.spends D.takes【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:光从太阳到地球需要大约8 分钟的时间。此处是句类型:It takes time to do sth.的搭配,A.pays用人做主语,B.costs用物做主语,主要用于花钱方面,C.spends 也是用人做主语。故这三项都不符合。故选B。例 2:Have you finished your homework,Sure?Yes.It me an hour to do it.A.spent B.
23、took C.cost D.paid【答案】B【解析拷查动词辨析。句意:你已经完成你的作业了吗?是的。做作业花费了我一小时。根据短语Ittakes/tooksbsome time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事,可知空格出应填took。故选B。7.reach,get 和 arrive 的区别1)reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。After the train had left,they reached the station2)get是不及物动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,如 get home/there/here等。When
24、the students got to the cinema,the film had begun.3)arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方时,用 arrive a t,到达一个大地方时用arrive in。后面接副词时,介词要省略,如 arrive here/there.The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.批注:如果不指明到达的地点,只用arrive.When I arrived,they werent here.例 1:When will the
25、 plane Shanghai?一Sorry,I dont know.A.get B.arrive at C.reachD.arrive【答案】C【解析评题考查表示“到达”的易混动词辨析。get为不及物动词,表示达到某地时用get to,故排除A 项;arrive为不及物动词,arrive a t 后接小地点;arrive in 后接大地点,由空格后Shanghai(上海)可排除B 项;reach为及物动词,后可直接跟地点,故选C。例 2:When will you(到达)?【答案】arrive【解析】后面没有具体的地点,表示到达时,用 arrive.8.used to do sth/get/
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