高三英语一轮复习主谓一致学案.pdf

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1、英语主谓一致句子的主语有单复数及人称的变花:德语动词需要根据主语的人称和数的不同而有所变化。即：谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。她的梦想已经实现了。Her dreams come true.Her dream_come true.从以上两个例丽7以看出谓语动词随主语的数而砺她(他)常常搭公车上学。他们常常搭公车上学。他(她)是 老 师。他们是老师。She/He often goes to school by bus.They often go to school by bus.He/She is a teacher.They are teachers.主谓一致可分为以下四种：语法一致

2、、意义一致、就近原则、随前原则，道法三或L(1)主语是and,bothand连接的并列结构如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。Both rice and wheat grown in this part of China.(be)我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。My mother and I have seen thefilm.A knife and fork _ used to have meals.(be)The singer and dancer on the stage.(be)注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each,every,

3、n o修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl has to receive education in ourcountry.在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。师生没有被邀请参加晚会。No student and no teacher(2)主语后面接说明主语的修饰语主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如with,along with,togetherwith,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition t o,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。/就 远 原

4、则那位窘而和两个学生受邀参加了会议。The teacher with two students.这个姑娘和男孩子一道，已经学会了开汽车。The girl as well as the boys.练习：All the people except the driver _ to talk and laugh.A.was encouraged B.were encouragedC.was encouraging D.were encouraging一个有5 000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。A library with five thousand books (offer)tothe nati

5、on as a gift.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。E-mail,as well as t e l e p h o n e s,d a i l ycommunication.只有简知道这个秘密。Nobody but Jane _当Mary走进房间时;除了一个人外诙看人都在聊天。All but one when Mary entered the room.(3)非谓语动词或从 底语非谓语动词(动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。我们这里需要的是资金。What we need here is money.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没决定。When an

6、d where to build the new factory核 实 事 实 是 非 常 重 要 的。Checkinginformation.学习英语不容易。Learning English is not easy.谁会来还不清楚。Who will come is not clear.(4)each和复合不定代词作主语each 和 some/any/no/every 十 body/one/thing 构成的复合不定代词 anyone、anybody、anything、everyoney everybody、everything、someone somebody、something、no on

7、e、nobody、nothing、each、the。纺er作主语，谓语动词用单数。没有一个人知道这答案。Nobody knows the answer.有人想见你。Someone wants to see you.箱子里有什么东西吗？Is there anything in the box?他们每一个人在学校都表现良好。Each of them.They each（5）“many a+单数名词 作主语many a（很多）/more than one（不只一个）+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。很多学生去过北京。Many students have been to Beijing.Man

8、y a student has beento Beijing.你的问题不只有答案。There在more than one answer toyour question.不只一个顾客在这家店受到了不好的对待。More than one customer was treated badly at the store.(6)one of+复数名词十定语从句”之 前 有the only,the very,the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。He is the ordy one ofthe students who has been a win

9、ner of scholarship for threeyears.汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。Tom is the only one ofthose boys who i _ s willing to help the old man.注意：如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。汤姆是那些乐于助人的男孩之一。Tom is one of the boys who are willing to help others.(7)由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如glasses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短裤)，shoes

10、(鞋子)，trousers(裤子)等作主语，其后谓语动词用复数形式。His glasses broken yesterday,so he cant see well,(be)His trousers made of cotton,(be)注意：若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时，则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。两条裤子不见了。Two pairs of trousers missing.(be)这双鞋上星期卖出去了。This pair of shoes was sold out lastweek.练习：1.Reading English papers and magazines

11、 helpful to ourstudy of English,(is/are)2.Whether he comes or not of no matter,(is/are)3.To say _ one thing;to do _ another,(is/are)4.Listening,speaking,reading and writing four skills forEnglish study,(is/are)5.Where to find the plant and what to do with it stillthe problems to settle,(is/are)【意义一致

12、】集标茗词祚至语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时用单数，强调整体中的个体的用复数。这类名词有 audience,team,people,family,government 等。His family is going out.His family are all music lovers.class,police,crowd,team,他们全家要外出。他们全家都是音乐爱好者。The group made up of nine students,(be)The g r o u p dancing happily.(be)The team some good play

13、ers,(have)The team handsome,(be)1.由集体名i司，如 group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew 等作主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式.His family is very large.他家是一个大家庭。His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。练习：1.The research group (is,are)made up of fivepeople.2.What (

14、do,does)the group want for their lunch?3.Our family (is,are)not poor any more.4.He has to worry.His family (is,are)waiting forhim.5.The class (is,are)more than forty in number.6.The class (have,has)disagreed among themselvesabout where they should go and have a picnic.7.The government (has,have)spen

15、t more than twomillion yuan in planting trees.8.The city government (has,have)differentopinions about next year s plan.9.The p o l i c e(i s,are)searching for the thief.注意：但集体名词为peopIe,poI ice,c a ttIe等在多数情况下谓语动词都用复数形式。表 示 一 类 人 的“the+形容词(分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The sick in the accident have been taken to

16、the hospital.Thelost have been found.表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如:Thirty years is not a long time.30 年的时间并不长。Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。【就近原则】如果连词 or,eitheror,neithernor,not only-but also,not-but等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：不是你疯了就是我疯了。Either

17、you or I am mad.Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening tothe music.Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening tothe music.在表存在的there b e 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词(短语)，b e 的形式与最近的一个名词(短语)保持一致。There is a pen,two pencils and several books on the desk.=There are two pencils,a

18、 pen and several books on the desk.=There are several books,a pen and two pencils on the desk.由 here,there等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：Here comes the bus.Here is a penand two books for you.谓语用里数的二直况1.罩 丽 薮 n,示可数n2.非谓语动词(doing,to do,done)3.主语从句4.不定代词(some,any-,no-,every-)5 .有 every,each,more th

19、an one 修饰的主语注意：有些主语为复数，但谓语用单数的情况：6 .国家，人名，书 名.eg.The United States7.时 间,金 钱,距 离 eg.two hours,ten miles8.s 结尾的学科 eg.physics,maths练习：There a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.hasZhang s family rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.wasNobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is knownAll but one here just now.A.isbeen D.wereB.was C.has