2023全国版英语中考复习题--十七选择型阅读.docx

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1、2023全国版英语中考专题十七选择型阅读五年中考分类训练一说明文Passage 1（2022广西北部湾经济区,D）Walk or drive to work? Which way is lower in carbon（碳）？ To be friendly to the environment, you may choose to walk. Have you ever tried to live a low- carbon life through your diet（日常饮 食）？A new study from the University of Oxford has looked int

2、o the health and environmental influences of 15 foods common in western diets. Among these, plant- based（基于植物的）foods included fruits, vegetables, nuts and potatoes. It also studied animal- based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish.According to the studys lead researcher,

3、 Michael Clark/Choosing better and greener diets is one of the main ways people can improve their health and protect the environment. That is to say, plant- based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment.To get this result, researchers compared the influence of eating another po

4、rtion（一份）of each food with the increased risk of a few illnesses. They also find out the environmental harm for each animal- based food and each plant- based food.By using this method, the study found that red meats were the most unfriendly foods to the environment. Keeping farm animals produces a l

5、arge number of methane（甲烷）that keeps 30 times more heat than CO2. As well as making the earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the risk of a few illnesses, such as heart trouble.Plant- based diets can give us the same health benefits in a much greener way. According to the study

6、, without eating or using meat and milk products, global farmland use could be cut down by more than 75% and still feed the world.Speaking to the Guardian. Tim Benton of Chatham House said, “If we can give people reasonable official advice of what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its peopl

7、e would be in a much better place.”1 .Which one is animal- based food?A.Milk products.B.Fruits. C.Potatoes.D.Vegetables.2 . Whats the result of this study?A.Many people choose to walk to work.B.Plant- based diets are healthier and greener.C.The more we eat, the better the environment is.D.15 foods c

8、ommon in western diets are not healthy.3 .What is the main idea of paragraph ？A.The harm of CO2.B.The risk of heart trouble.C.A reason for keeping animals.D.Two disadvantages of red meats.4 .What does benefits in paragraph mean in Chinese?A.问题 B方式 C.益处 D.状况5 .What will this study probably be used fb

9、r?A.Teaching farmers to plant vegetables correctly.B.Offering doctors new methods to treat patients.C.Guiding people to lose weight by doing exercise.D.Giving official advice on health and environment.答案语篇解读本文是说明文，介绍了植物性食物和动物性食物对人体健康和环境的影响。主题语境属于“人与自然”范畴中“环境保护”这一主题群，涉及子主题“环境污染及原因,环保意识和行为“。1.A细节理解题。根

10、据第二段最后一句可知,奶制品是动物性食物，故选A。1 .B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，植物性食物更健康、更环保。故选B。3,D段落大意题。结合第五段第一句和最后一句可知，第五段主要介绍了红肉对环境及人体的 危害。故选D。4 .C词义猜测题。后文in a much greener way表示以更环保的方式，因此benefits应表达积极的 含义。故选C。benefit意为“益处;优势”。5 .D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Tim Benton的话可以推断，这项研究会给出一些关于健康 和环境的官方建议。故选D。Passage 2（2022黑龙江哈尔滨C）At the beginning o

11、f human history, people could only eat food they found. But then people learned to find more ways to get food. About 10,000 years ago, people started to farm the land. After that, people developed farming skills.People eat different food in different areas. In China, rice is the main food for people

12、 in the south while the people in the north eat noodles. People who live in European countries near the sea eat lots of fish. But in Central Europe, people are away from the sea. So they dont eat so much fish. They eat more meat instead.People eat food with different tools in different areas. In Chi

13、na, people always like using chopsticks while in North America, Australia and Europe, people always like using knives and forks. To our surprise, in India and the Middle East, people always pick up food with their own fingers.Now people can eat different food from different areas. As we can see, it

14、is possible to convey food easily from one part of the world to another. We can almost eat whatever we like at any place of the world. For example, people in Britain can eat bananas from Africa and rice from India. Food is becoming a very big business now.1 .People at the beginning of human history.

15、A.could only eat food they found B.started to farm the landC.developed farming skills2 .People living in Central Europe dont eat so much fish because .A.they are away from the sea B.they like eating noodlesC.they are near the sea3 .The underlined word convey- in the passage means in Chinese.A.捐赠B.传导

16、C运输4 .Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.People in the south of China eat bananas as their main food.B.People in India and the Middle East always pick up food with their own fingers.C.People in Britain can only eat rice from Africa.5 .Whaft the best title（标题）for the passage?A.

17、Peoples Table Manners（礼仪）B.Peoples Eating ToolsC.People and Food答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在本文中,作者介绍了人们获取食物的方式、不同地区的食物 和人们进餐方式的差别，并且谈论了如今人们获取食物的便捷。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴 中，生活与学习，这一主题群.涉及子主题，饮食与健康，1 .A 细节理解题。由第一E殳第一句At the beginning of human history, people could only eat food they found可知，在人类历史初期，人们只能吃他们找到的食物。故答案为Ao2

18、 .A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“But in Central Europe, people are away from the sea. So they dontt eat so much fish可知，在中欧，人们吃鱼不多,因为他们离海很远。故答案为A。3 .C 词义猜测题。由画线词后面的“什om one part of the world to another”可推知,convey意为“运输工故答案为C。4 .B 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句To our surprise, in India and the Middle East, people always pick up food

19、with their own fingers.”可知 B 项正确。故选 Bo5.C标题归纳题。本文介绍了人们获取食物的方式、不同地区的食物和人们进餐方式的差别, 并且谈论了如今人们获取食物的便捷。“People and Food”最适合作本文标题。故答案为C。Passage 3（2022 海南,C）RUBBISH BINS /Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not? To s

20、olve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort（分类）the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, gla

21、ss, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least 500 pictures of each one. To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles（角度）,so it has a better rate of accuracy,“ said one of the students who bui

22、lt the AI system.The idea of the smart bin was born two years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of CO VID- 19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution.“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish

23、 on the mountain,the students recalled. “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.”The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invent

24、ion until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online.“Our bin is now in its third generation（代）.Before graduation, we hope it can be widely used in the city,“ the students said. Then it will be easier than ever for people to recyc

25、le and protect our environment.1 . According to the first paragraph we know the of Waste Collection Point.A. priceB.size C.use2 .The underlined words rate of accuracy mean in Chinese.A.精准度B.参与度C知名度3 .创新考点:过程梳理 This chart shows why Waste Collection Point was developed. Which is themissing part?more p

26、eople in the villagefull bins and rubbish everywherethe idea of the smart binA.the hit of COVID- 19B.villagers1 encouragementC.picking up rubbish around4 .This passage is mainly about .A.four young inventorsB.a new inventionC.the rubbish problem5 .创新考点:文章结构 How is this passage organized(组织)？ (P=Para

27、graph)答案语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的发明智能垃圾箱。主题语境属于“人 与社会”范畴中的“科学与技术”主题群.涉及“科学技术改变生活”子主题内容,也属于“人与自然” 范畴中的“环境保护”主题群，涉及“环境污染及原因.环保意识和行为”子主题内容。1 .C 细节理解题。根据“a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort the waste”可知，它使用人工智能对 垃圾进行分类，所以根据第一段我们可以知道它的用途,故选C。2 .A 词义猜测题。根据“To train the AI, we had to take many photos fr

28、om different angles”可知, 从不同的角度拍摄许多照片，是为了让人工智能的准确度更高.故选A。3 .C过程梳理题。根据“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,9 the students recalled. Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.”可知，所有 的垃圾箱都满了,山上甚至也有垃圾。每个周末,他们都要和村民一起捡垃圾,所以此处应该是捡 垃圾，故选C.4 .B 主旨大意题。根据

29、“four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.”以及全文其他内 容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的发明智能垃圾箱。故选Bo5 .B篇章结构题。第一段是整体介绍智能垃圾箱，点明主题;第二段介绍垃圾箱的使用;第三、 四、五段介绍是如何产生智能垃圾箱的想法的.属于并列关系;第六段介绍垃圾箱的升级以及四 名高中生的期望。故选B。Passage 4（2

30、022 浙江宁波,D）Recently, many people think its risky to use credit （信用）card numbers online. However, from time to time, we all use passwords and ID numbers on the Internet. We think we are safe, but that may not be true! A new kind of attack （攻击）is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs and credit

31、card numbers from Web surfers. This new kind of attack is called “phishing”.Phishing sounds the same as the word “fishing”, and it means that a thief is trying to trick people into giving away valuable information. Like real fishermen, phishers use bait （诱饵）in the form of great online deals or servi

32、ces. For example, phishers might use false emails and websites to trick people into revealing （透露）credit card numbers, account usernames, and passwords. They imitate （模仿）well- known banks, online sellers, and credit card companies. Successful phishers may make as many as 5% of the people believe and

33、 give away their personal information.Its really a big problem! Actually, tricking 5% of the online population is huge. Now more than 4.6 billion people have access （进入权）to the Internet, and 75% of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth. It has been reported that phishers sen

34、d more than 40 billion false messages each year. Even by tricking only 5% of the people, phishers can make a lot of money.Amy, 18, from California, received an email. A man told Amy that she could get a million dollars in her account as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him. Amy did as the

35、man said at once. The “thief used Amys Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferred her money.How can people avoid being cheated online? Above all, they have to learn to recognize the email that has been sent by a phisher. Always be careful with any email with urgent (紧急的)

36、requests for personal information. Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting, but false, statements in their emails so that people will reply right away. Never give out personal information to phishers. And if an offer sounds too good to be true, it is.1 .Phishing is compared to according to th

37、e passage.A.making moneyB.playing gamesC.catching fishD.writing emails2 .创新考点:写作技巧 Which writing skill is used in Para. 3?A.Giving examples.B.Listing numbers.C.Raising questions.D.Using sayings.in3 . Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “transfer“ in Para. 4? tr

38、ansfer v. (transferred, transferring)to move from one place, school, job, etc. to anotherto connect the call of someone to someone else*s(3)to move money from one account to anotherto change from one bus, plane, etc. to anotherA.B.C.D.4 .Besides introducing what phishing is, the writer also tells us

39、 how to .A.help to catch phishersB.reply to urgent emailsC.pay by credit cardD.protect ourselves online林宓语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章对于网络诈骗（phishing）及应对方法进行了分析和说明。 主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“科学与技术”这一主题群，涉及子主题“公共秩序与法律法规, 个人信息安全与国家安全意识，1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Like real fishermen, phishers use bait in the form of.可知，作 者将网络诈骗比作钓鱼，故选

40、C。2.B写作手法题。第三段主要说明网络诈骗危害的严重性。作者列举了一系列数据5% of dieonline population more than 4.6 billion people、75% of those Internet users、40 billion false messages、only 5%of the people 进行说明，故选 Bo3 .C词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知,网络“小偷”的盗窃方法是用Amy的社会保险号码 和她的名字办理信用卡,然后转走了她的钱。C项“把钱从一个账户转到另一个账户符合此处用法。故选C。4 .D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中How can

41、people avoid being cheated online?可知，本段是说明 避免在网络上被骗的方法，而其内容中learn to recognize the emaik Never give out personal information都是保护我们远离网络诈骗的具体方法，故选DoPassage 5（2022 云南,B）Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen.Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from?Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer sa

42、tellite（暗物质粒子探测卫星），is named after Chinese superhero Monkey King. According to Journey to the West. Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp- eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space.T

43、he name of the space station, Tiangong, means Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths, this is the home of Tian Di. Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space.And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong so that they can work together.Tianwen, Chinas Mars missions（任务）,gets

44、its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a well- known poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for truth. Perhaps the Tianwen missions will end up answering some of Qu Yuans questions.If you loo

45、k into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long- cherished （珍藏已久的）space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously.l.What is the Wukong satellite used for?A. Answering some of Qu Yuans q

46、uestions.B.Finding the difference between good and evil.C.Helping scientists search for dark matter in space.0.Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station.2 .The underlined word “myths“ in Paragraph 3 means in Chinese.A.诗歌B神话C.谚语 D.传记3 .The name of Chinas Mars missions is from.A.Qu Yuans poem

47、TianwenB.an ancient novelC.ancient Chinese mythsD Journey to the West4 . Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously?A.We want to land on Mars.B.We want to protect the Earth.C.We have the hunger for truth.D.We have a dream for space.5 .Which can be the best title for the passage?A.

48、What Beautiful NamesB.What a Cherished StarC.What Excellent PoemsD.What a Long Journey林宝语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国航天项目中那些美丽的名字的由来。主题语境属于 “人与自然”范畴中“宇宙探索”这一主题群，涉及子主题“地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展工1 .C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Wukong satellite is just as sharp- eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space.可知，卫星“悟空”是用来帮助科学家寻找宇宙暗 物质的。故选C2 .B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Tiangong, means Heavenly Palace及this is the home of Tian Di可知，天宫指的是天帝所居住的天上的宫殿。根据常识可知,天宫和天帝源于中国神话故 事。因此可以推断画线词指的是神话。故选B。3 .A 细节理解题。