初中英语易错词汇详细辨析.pdf

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1、1.clothes,cloth,clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用 a piece of,an article of2.incident,accidentincident 指小事件，accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.3.amount,numberamount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词 a number of students4.family,house,homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家

2、庭成员。My family is a happy one.5.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪 音I hate the loudnoise outside.6.photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Lets go and see a good picture.7.vocabulary,wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词 He has a largevocabulary.8.population,peo

3、plepopulation 人口，人数，people 具体的人 China has a large population.9.weather,climateweather 一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you.10.road,street,path,wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径take this road;in the street,Show me the way to the museum.11.course,subjectcourse课程（可包括多

4、门科目）,subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course12.custom,habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后 接to do,habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后 接of doing.Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13.cause,reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth.the reason for beinglate14.exercise,exercises,practice

5、exercise运动，锻炼（不可数）,exercises练习（可数）,practice（反复做的）练习。Practice makes perfect.15.class,lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指 课 文 用lesson.指 班 级 或 全 体 学 生 用class.Lesson 6;Class 516.speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般 的 谈 话,讲 话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲 课a series of lecture on17.officer,officialofficer 部队的军官

6、，official 政府官员 an army officer18.work,job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good jobo19.couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多 指 由 两 部 分 组 成 的 东 西a pair of trousers20.country,nation,state,landcountry侧重指版图,疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land 国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.21.cook,cookercook 厨师，cooker 厨具 He

7、 is a good cook.22.damage,damagesdamage不可数名词，损害，损失；damages复数形式，赔偿金$900 damages23.police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察 Thepolice are questioningeveryone in the house.24.problem,questionproblem常和困难连系，前 面 的 动 词 常 为think about,solve,raise,question常和疑问连系，多 和ask,answer连用。25.man,a manman

8、人类，a man 一个男人 Man will conquer nature.26.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.27.telegram,telegraph当电报解时，telegram 指具体的，telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram,by telegraph28.trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip29.sport,gamesport多指户外的游戏或

9、娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则His favorite sport is swimming.30.price,prizeprice 价格，prize 奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.31.a number of,the number ofanumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。the number o f 的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.32.in front of,in the front ofin front

10、of 范围外的前面，in the front of 范围内的前面 In the front of theroom sits a boy.33.of the day,of a dayof the day每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day暂时的，不长 久 的a famousscientist of the day34.three of us,the three of usthree of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）Thethree of us-Tom,Jack and I went to the cinema.35.by bus,on

11、the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.36.for a moment,for the momentfor a moment 片亥U,一会儿，for the moment 暂时，一时 Thinking for amoment,he agreed.37.next year,the next yearnext year明年，将来时间状语，the next year第二年，过去将来时间状语He said he would go abroad the next year.38.more than a year,more

12、 than one yearmore than a year 一年多，more山an one year超过一年(两年或三年等)39.take advice,take the(one*s)advicetake advice 征求意见，take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the adviceand failed again.40.take air,take the airtake air 传 播,走 漏，take the air 至U户外去，散步 We take the air every day.41.in a word,in wordsin a wo

13、rd 总之，一句话，in words 口头上 In a word,you are right.42.in place of,in the place ofin place of 代替，in the place of 在.地方 A new building is built in the placeof the old one.43.in secret,in the secretin secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语;in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44.a

14、girl,one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩，one girl 一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?45.take a chair,take the chairtake a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下，take the chair 开始开会46.go to sea,by sea,by the seago to sea出航或是当水手，by se a经海路，by the sea在海边47.wear,put on,dresswear 和 d r e s s表状态，w e a r接衣服等，可用进行时，d r e s s接人，be dr

15、essed in,put on 表动作Its cold outside.Put on your warm clothes.48.listen,hearlisten 强调动作，hear 强调结果 I listened,but I heard nothing.49.care about,care forcare about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中;care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿意He doesnt care about his clothes.I dont care for movies.50.in charge of,in the charge ofin charge o f管

16、理，负责照料，in the charge o f由.照料He is in charge of the matter.The matter is in the charge of her.51.in class,in the classin class 在课上，in the class 在班级里 He is the best student in the class.52.on fire,on the fireon fire 着火，on the fire 在“上 Put the food on the fire.The house is on fire.53.out of question,ou

17、t of the questionout of question 毫无疑问的，out of the question 不可能的54.a second,the seconda second 又一，再一，the second 第.He won the second prize.55.by day,by the dayby day 白天，by the day 按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.56.the people,a peoplethe people 指人，a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people

18、.57.it,oneit 同一物体，one 同类不同一 I lost my pen.I have to buy a new one.58.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导 出 下 文 所 要 说 的I was ill.Thafs why.59.none,nothing,no onenone强调有多少，nothing,no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人 How many./How much.?None.60.anyone,any oneanyone指人，不能接 of,any one指人物均可，可接 of any one of you61.who,w

19、hatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad?He is a teacher.62.what,whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Which do you prefer,bananas or apples?63.other,anotherother 后接名词复数，another 后接名词单数 other students,another student64.not a little,not a bitnot a little 非常，not a bit 一点也不 Im not a bit tired.我一点儿也不累。65.ma

20、ny,much,a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用,a lot o f可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句I havent many books.66.much more.than,many more.thanmuch more.than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more.than后接可数名词 many more people,much more water,much more beautiful67.no,notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water68.no more t

21、han,not more thanno more than相当于 o n ly,仅仅，只有，not more than至多，不超过69.majority,mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可 数 不 可 数 均 可the majority of people70.by oneself,for oneself,to oneself,of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，ofoneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.71.at all,after allat a

22、ll 根本，全然，after all 到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.72.tall,hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall.73.fast,quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast,answer the question quickly74.high,highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽 象 的 高,高 度 的think highly of75.healthy,healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮 的,healthful有益于健康的 healt

23、hful exercise76.sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep.Im sleepy.77.gold,goldengold指 真 金 制 品,golden指金色的，但 金 鱼 用gold fish,a gold ring78.most,mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相 当 于v ery,当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly 大部分，是副词 most people,the people are mostl

24、y.79.just,veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用 作 定 语the veryman,just the man80.wide,broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders81.real,truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合real gold,a true story82.respectful,respectablerespectful 尊敬，有礼貌，respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to th

25、eaged83.outwards,outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词 an outwardvoyage84.pleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing 主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.85.understanding,understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的 an understanding gir

26、l,an understandable mistake86.close,closelyclose 接近，靠近，closely 紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected,stand close87.ill,sickill做表语，sick定，表均可 a sick boy88.good,wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.89.quiet,silent,stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响He stand there still.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话

27、。90.hard,hardlyhard 努力，hardly 几乎不 work hard,I can hardly believe it.91.able,capableable 与不定式 to do 连用，capable 与 of 连用 He is capable of doing.92.almost,nearly二者均为“几乎，差不多”和否定词连用用almostalmost nobody93.late,latelylate 迟，晚，lately 最近，近来 I havent seen him lately.94.living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,live

28、均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置,live 只能做定语，lively 意为活波的 all the living people=all the people95.excited,excitingexcited 使人兴奋的，exciting 令人兴奋的 Im excited.The news is exciting.96.deep,deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved,dig deep97.aloud,loudaloud出声地，loud大声地 read aloud（出声地读）98.worth,worthy二者均为值得，w

29、orth后接 doing,worthy后 接to be done99 catch a cold,have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示 一段时间”的状语连用,而 have a cold可以She has had a cold for a week.100.change for,change intochange for 调换成，change into 变成Change the shirt for a bigger one.Water changes into ice.101.continue,last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动The wa

30、r continued/lasted five years.The story is to be continued.102.feed,raisefeed 喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to),raise 饲养，养育(cause to grow,bring up children)raise the family103.go for a doctor,go to a doctorgo for a doctor 去请医生，go to a doctor 去看病104.notice,observe,catch sight ofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catch

31、 sight o f突然看到 observe thestars105.insist on,stick toinsist on 坚持要求,后常接 doing,stick to 坚持，后常接 sth.,stick to theplan106.look,seem,appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象 appear wise,look like his father107.gather,collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps108.mean to do,mean doin

32、gmean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味着By this I mean giving the students more practice.109.die from,die ofdie from表示死于(枪)伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die o f表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素die of hunger and cold110.pay for,pay back,pay offpay for为付钱，pay back还钱，但不一定还清，pay off还清 pay for thebook,pay off the debt111.divide

33、,separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开divide the apple,separate the houses112.arrive,get,reacharrive后 接in（大地点），at（小地点），get不及物动词后接to,reach及物动词arrive in Beijing,get to Beijing,reach Beijing113.grow,plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plant the trees,trees are growing114.manage,trymana

34、ge to do设法做成了某事，try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功He tried to pass the exam,but he failed.115.choose,selectchoose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select有目的地仔细认真地选择choose the best answer116.build,put up,set up,foundbuild一般用语，建成，put up临时搭建，set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found 国家或组织的建成 put up a tent,set up a school117.be familiar to,be familiar w

35、ithbe familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物The book is familiar to me.Im familiar with the book.118.agree with,agree to,agree onagree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在b达成一致意见，主语是复数 agree with you,agree to the plan119.throw to,throw atthrow to 扔到.,throw at 朝.扔 He throw a stone at me.120.receive,acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接 受I received a gift,but Ididnt accept it.