2023届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语试题（含答案解析）.pdf

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1、2023届 上 海 市 奉 贤 区 高 三 一 模 英 语 试 题(含 听 力)学 校:姓 名：班 级：考 号：一、用 单 词 的 适 当 形 式 完 成 短 文 Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherentand grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with theproper form of the given word;for the othe

2、r blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Gray Hair Can Return to Its Original ColorFew signs of old age are clearer than the sight of gray hair.we grow older,our strands of hair lose their youthful color.Although this may seem like a permanent change,new research reveals that gray hairs 2 mir

3、aculously regain color at leasttemporarily.In one 1972 paper,the late doctor Stanley Comaish reported an isolated case of a38-year-old man,with his three strands 3(be)light near the ends but dark near theroots.This signaled a reversal in the normal graying process,4 begins at the root.A new study fr

4、om researchers at Columbia University is the first 5(offer)quantitative evidence linking psychological stress to graying hair in people.Having analyzedindividual hairs from 14 volunteers,researchers compared the results with each volunteersstress diary,in which individuals9 review of their calendars

5、 and each weeks level of stressrated are included.When hairs were aligned with(与.对 照)stress diaries,striking associations betweenstress and hair graying 6(reveal)and,in some cases,there was a reversal of grayingwhen stress was removed.There was one individual who went on a long vacation,and fivehair

6、s on that persons head returned back to dark during the vacation.Although it may seem easy to understand 7 stress can speed up graying,theresearchers were suiprised to discover that hair color can be restored when stress is eased.Wecould picture hair as a powerful tool to assess the effects of 8(ear

7、ly)life events onaging because hair provides a kind of physical record of past events,much 9 therings of a tree.Ifs pretty clear that the hair encodes part of your biological history in someway.Hair grows out of the body,and then it crystallizes into 10 hard and stablethat holds the memory of your p

8、ast.二、选 用 适 当 的 单 词 或 短 语 补 全 短 文 Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can beused only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.lonely B.convey C.touches D.inconvenience E.widely F.accompanyingG.composition H.captures I.abandon J.sensory K.weari

9、ngAn Innovative PainterAlan is a pioneering painter,working with oil paint on canvas ina traditional way.It is only in his use of paint that he differs from the usual practice of usingbrushes.Although he does use a brush to draw the main lines of his 1 1、he uses paintingknives to apply the paint.Ear

10、ly on he found that paint laid on with painting knives gave himthe particular body and texture（质 地）he wanted to 12 his subjects.The knife iscapable of an enormous variety of marks,from delicate 13 to fierce sweeping andslices of paint.The knifed sharp edged marks create their own dynamic of light an

11、d shade.Alan possesses many painting knives of different sizes,but tends to favour three or four,which are now 14 thin with constant use.He is still discovering new possibilitieswith the knife,driven by the demands of a new subject.Although Alans paintings are madein the studio,they are all composed

12、 from drawings made outdoors.These drawings are theseed corn on which all his paintings are based.The marks that go down on paper make surehe 15 not just the actual scene but also the changing light,the direction of the windand the 16 sounds and smells.For the painter,the whole 17 experienceremains

13、fixed within the drawing long after he has left the scene.Throughout his life Alan has travelled 18 for particular places that fuel hiscreative imagination.He is an adventurous seeker,regardless of the 19 or difficultyof some of the locations.Long ago he decided to 20 the idea of working on large oi

14、lpaintings out of doors because it involved canvases,oil paints and many other tools around.He now travels light,taking only sketchbooks,pens and a few watercolours with him.Thisgives him the freedom to draw anywhere and to catch the fleeting moment the“here-and-now-ness of the place.试 卷 第 2 页，共 11页

15、三、完 形 填 空 Bees have evolved to be skilled living builders that can build things many times theirsize.Bees inspired Mirko Kovac,a roboticist to develop a way to improve the flexibility of3D printing.A 21 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle（喷 嘴），and canonly make objects smaller than itsel

16、f.Dr Kovacs team has removed the 22 bygiving the printer nozzle wings.In the latest edition of Nature,Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that iscomposed of two types of drones:builders and scanners.The builders carry the 3D-printingnozzle.The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that

17、are 23 for monitoringthe progress of the builders.In the building process,builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks and24 printing and adjusting,layer by layer,until a structure is complete.First,abuilder keeps flying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the buildin

18、gmaterial.The choice of material is important-it must be lightweight enough for the drones tocarry but 25 enough to hold the following layers that will be built on top.Once thebuilder robot has released a layer of material,the scanner robot flies over and 26 theprogress.The system then computes the

19、next layer that the builder should make,while alsocorrecting for any error that might have been discovered in what has already been built.Thesecould be en ors made by the builder-drones or 27 in the expansion of the buildingmaterial.At this point,people can also manually adjust the process,28 andcor

20、recting course where necessary.The researchers tested the systems 29 by building both a large cylinder（圆 柱 体）and a small cylinder.The tasks were not simple.Making circles on top of other circleswould not have worked,because the perfect match required in position would have beenimpractical to a c h i

21、 e v e.3 0,the builder robot printed winding circles thatinterleaved 卬 万/z（交 错；嵌 入）the layers above and below,to ensure maximum stability.The cylinders built by Dr Kovacs robots successfully meet the requirements of theBritish building c o d e s.3 J these robots have been shown to be capable ofmanuf

22、acturing,Dr Kovac says their main task will probably be,initially,in repair.Because the flying robots can,in theory,operate anywhere,they could fix things indangerous or otherwise 32 places.Dr Kovac says that his robots could be used to33 and seal leaks in pipelines or fix cracks on tall buildings.T

23、hese robots couldb e 34 to work more quickly,cheaply and with less risk to humans.Thinkingmore long term,Dr Kovac sees a 35 future for his construction robots,buildingon the surfaces of the Moon or Mars.But what we can say for sure is that it will make a hugedifference to construction on Earth.21.A.

24、typical B.latest C.precise D.popular22.A.part B.characteristic C.limitation D shortage23.A.suitable B.responsible C.famous D.ready24.A.go on B work on C.take turns D.contribute to25.A.massive B.stable C.strong D.flexible26.A.makes B.improves C.inspects D.continues27.A.misguidance B.imbalance C.misus

25、e D.imperfection28.A.changing B.supervising C.aiTanging D.measuring29.A.features B.weaknesses C.capabilities D.responses30.A.Moreover B.Meanwhile C.Otherwise D.Instead31.A.Because B.While C.If D.After32.A.remote B.unavailable C.inaccessible D.deserted33.A.spot B.squeeze C.replace D.remove34.A.inquir

26、ed B.intended C.expanded D.assigned35.A.vague B.demanding C.distant D.potential四、阅 读 理 解 If I have a goal in life,it isnt to be driving a Rolls-Royce.Ifs to be giving away morethan$1,000,000 a year and having an impact on peoples lives.I have the success todaybecause I always had to work for what I

27、wanted.I grew up accustomed to risks anddisappointments,so I was used to moving forward,no matter what.In 2008,1 went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent,an analyst and afinancial broker.Unfortunately,all these doors slammed in my face.The worlds economywas in a bad state,so I knew

28、 I would have to do a little spinning of my own.Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance.The word cant wasnt inmy vocabulary.I partnered with a friend buying distressed multifamily properties aroundHouston.Even though we were enthusiastic and backed with start-up sums,I didnt make a试

29、 卷 第 4 页，共 11页deal work.My friend moved on to other projects.Alone,I put all my money into the nextreal-estate project.I put the time in,I dreamed it,but once again the deal fell through.Twomonths later,though,the deal came back around.That was when the path opened,luckchanged,and I was ready to for

30、m my own company.I haven5t looked back.Only ahead.Im now able to give back to communities and causes.I donate about$500,000 a year,much of that going to research to cure rare diseases.We also support a lot of services fordisadvantaged children in Houston and other places.I have always been someone w

31、ho can see the big picture and have never been distractedby things that get in the way.There are lessons to be learned,and the biggest of those is tokeep going.You may have to change the path,but always keep that vision in front of you.36.Which of the following about the author is true?A.He donated

32、a lot of money to improve his companys image.B.He often encountered difficulties in the process of growing up.C.He started his own company together with a friend.D.He changed jobs several times while in Los Angeles.37.By saying-do a little spinning of my own“in the second paragraph,the author probab

33、lymeans he w o u l d.A.look for a part-time job independently B.make his contributions to the economyC.give in to the disappointing reality D.be self-employed to develop his career38.Which quality of the author is not shown in the passage?A.Perseverance.B.Optimism.C.Innocence.D.Kindness.39.Which one

34、 is probably the best title of the passage?A.Saying No to Turning Back B.Tips for a Successful BusinessC.Jumping over Economic Downturns D.A Life-time Pursuit of DreamJust a 2-minute walk from the terminals,Short Stay is ideal formeeting or dropping passengers and a great choice for short tripsaway

35、and business meetings.You can book Short Stay parking in advance fbr durations overone hour up to two hours prior to your arrival,subject to availability.2-minute walk from the Terminal doors.LED lighting to help locate your parking spot.Automated Number Plate Recognition and Car Finder5 system.24/7

36、 securityH eath ro wL o n g S t a yHeathrow Long Stay Parking is ideal if youre going away forweek-long trips or more.Simply book Long Stay parking for your trip or drive up to anyL x)ng Stay car park.At the entry barrier your registration will berecognised and a ticket will be printed showing your

37、registration andBooking Reference.Once the barrier opens,you may proceed to thezone indicated.Use the intercom points at the bus stops to request a pick-up.You wont find our parking cheaper anywhere else.Shuttle buses run every 10-15 minutes to the terminal doorsFree Wifi on shuttle buses.24/7 secur

38、ity1豳 1aH eath ro wThe ideal solution for time-poor business travelers and otherpassengers who want to travel efficiently and in style.Business parking is available in Terminals 2&3 and Terminal 5with no requirement to hand in your keys.Business-class shuttle buses with minimal wait times.Free Wi-Fi

39、 on shuttle buses.24/7 security.a LMeet and Greet parking is one of the most convenient,worry-freeways to park your car at Heathrow.Just drive your vehicle to ourShort Stay car park,leave your keys with us and well do the rest!Short walk to terminal.No transfer needed-just drop your car and off you

40、go.24/7 secure parking.No wait for car on return.试 卷 第 6 页，共 11页PLEASE NOTE:Heathrow currently doesnt provide EV(electric vehicle)chargingfacilities.With this in mind,we recommend that all customers driving EVs to the airportcharge them adequately before arrival.40.Which parking facility may take yo

41、u the longest travelling time to the terminals?A.ShortStay B.Long Stay C.Business D.Meet&Greet4 1.Under which circumstance may a passenger choose Business Parking?A.A traveler who would like to enjoy free Wi-Fi at the airport.B.A student who has an efficient plan on travelling economically.C.A manag

42、er who runs on a tight schedule and may miss his flight.D.A local who needs to pick up his friend from a long flight.42.Which one of the following is true according to the advertisement?A.You may use the“Car Finder“system to locate your vehicle at Business Parking.B.If you leave your car at Meet&Gre

43、et,it is up to you to guarantee its safety.C.If you intend to take a 10-day trip,youd better park your vehicle at Short Stay.D.Passengers driving EVs should charge their battery before parking at the airport.Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT),a long-term psychological therapy,is a specific typeof cog

44、nitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disoMe7,(仓 U 伤 后 应 激 障 碍)symptoms after natural disasters.Typically,CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to helppatients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma.The goal isthat the patient then creates a

45、new,more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event,which reduces on-going negative effects on the patients current life.It specifically focuses onthe core trauma themes of safety,trust,power and control,etc.Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions,it allows for multi

46、pledifferent paths to receive effective treatments.In some studies,it has shown to be helpful incases where medicine alone has not worked.Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts andbehaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday life.Compared to othertalk-therapies,it has b

47、een especially successful,because it can be completed in a brief period oftime,allowing fbr a lower patient dropout rate.It also enhances brain connectivity,whichlessens long-term impacts of trauma.This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioraltherapy is often argued to be more effective th

48、an medicine.On the other hand,there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT.Duc to its structurednature,it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learningdifficulties.Additionally,since it involves facing up to emotions and fears,patients mayexperience initial periods

49、 of additional anxiety or discomfort.Some therapists also argue thatbecause it only addresses current problems and specific issues it does not address possiblefundamental causes of mental health conditions,and because it focuses on the individuafscapacity to change themselves it does not address wid

50、er system problems that have asignificant impact on a patienfs health and well-being.However,focusing mainly on post-natural disasters,regardless of pre-disaster health,CPThas been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach.Although there havenot been studies generalizing CPT for