高考英语一轮复习状语从句讲义.pdf

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1、状语从句【导学线索】解状语从句“三部曲”第一步：弄清主从句的逻辑关系。第二步：辨析连接词的语义和语用特征。第三步：据逻辑关系选出适当的连接词。【导学目标】1 了解状语从句的常见连词2 能够辨析常考的状语从句连词。基础知识时间状语从句,when,while,asl,w hen既可以引导一个持续动作，也可以引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the movie ended,the excited people didnt want t

2、o leave.当 when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以a s引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。如：As a young man(=when he was a young man),he was fbnd of hunting.2,while引导的动作必须是持续性的动作侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.3,从 属 连 词 a s 可表示从句和主句两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可 译 为“一边,(-边)”或“随着如：He humed

3、home,looking behind as he went.As time went by,it became warmer and warmer.随着时间的流逝，天变得越来越暖和了。4,when还可以做并列连词，其意义为“在那时，在这时“，相当于and at this/that time.常用于下列句式：Somebody was doing something when.Somebody was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing something when.Somebody had just done something when

4、.如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain.此外when还表示原因，“既 然 如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.5,w hile作为并列连词，意 为“而，却”，表示对比。如:He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk musi

5、c.6,如果主句表示的是短暂性的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when while a s 可互换使用。如：When/while/as I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.()I was walking down the street,I noticed a police car in front ofthe store.二，as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the i

6、nstant,once(一.就.)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一.就.”从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如：The moment I hear the voice,I know father is coming.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.注意：no sooner than.;hardly/scarcely when 这结构的时态搭配；no sooner与 hardly/scarcely引导的句子谓语动词应该用过去完成时，而 than与 when引导的句子谓语动词应该

7、用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和 hardly/scarcely提到句首时:应用倒装语序。如：I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.三：till,until 和 not until1,肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句，从句都为肯定式，意 为“某一动作一直延续到某时间点才停止“。如：He remained there until she amved.You may stay here until the rain stops.2,否定句：

8、主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意 为“某动作直到某时间才开始“。如：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3,till不可以至于句首,而until可以。如:Until you told me I had no idea of it.4,notuntil句型中的强调和倒装用法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it（强调句）Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.（not until 置于句首，主句要倒装）句型转

9、化:I didnt leave until she came back.she came back leave.not until she came back I.四.Before 和 since1,若表达“还未.就.;不到就.;.才；趁；还没来得及”时，需用连词 before o 如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we was land.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.2,it will be/was+一段时间+before.多久之后才.。如：It wasn long befor

10、e we met again.3,since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。Since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应的，主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：I have written home four times since I came here.She had been working in this factory since she left school.4,在“it is+一段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：It is three years since the

11、 war broke out.战争爆发以来有三年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar.(=since I stopped smoking a cigar.)我彳：吸烟有三年了。如果译成“我吸烟有三年了二It is three years since I began to smoke.辨析It is three years since she came to our class.It is three years since he lived here.五，every time,each time,next time,the first time,

12、any time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表 示“每当;每次;下次.”等。如：Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out.Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.The last time you saw James,he was lying in bed.【题组训练】选择when,before,since或 until填空:Few people will pay full attention to their health they ge

13、t certain incurable disease.Let me take down what you said I forget.It may take ten years or more the scientists can find a cure for AIDS.It is several weeks my father got drunk last time.We were chatting happily on the Internet the light went out.Three years has passed I knew it.第二课时【导学目标】地点状语从句和原因

14、状语从句一，地点状语从句二，1,引导地点状语从句的连词where,wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句需放在主句之前。如：Where there is a will,there is a way.Wherever there is smoke,there is a fire.我们应该到党最需要我们的地方。2,注意区分w here引导的定语从句与状语从句If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own,please do as the Romans do.句型转

15、换 youd better make a mark where you have any question.换成定语从句：-Mom,what did your doctor say?-He advised me to live the air is fresh.A.in where B.in which C.the place whereD.where二，原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that,inthat(because),每个连词的含义不尽相同。如：-why are you abse

16、nt from the meeting?-because I am ill.As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.Now that/since everybody is here,let begin our meeting.I like the city,but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.此外for加分句也可表示原因如：It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over.Aft

17、er the war,a new school building was put up there once been a theatre.A.that B.where C.which D.whenI have kept the portrait I can see it every day,as it always reminds me of my universitydays in London.A.which B.where C.whether D.whenthat my head had cleared,my brain was also beginning to work much

18、better.A.For B.Now C.Since D.Despite三，目的状语从句和结果状语从句一，目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,in case等1，in order that 与 so that两个连词都意为“以便；为了”,引导的状语从句需要用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前，之后，而 so that引导的状语从句只能置于主句之后。如：Fil speak slowly so that you can understand me.In order that

19、 we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.2,for fear that,in case这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用（should+）动词原形，它本身带有否定意义、相当于 so that.not或 in order that.如;The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.Take your raincoat in case it should rain.三，结果状语从句1,引导结果状语

20、从句的连词有：so that,so.that.,such.that.o 在非正式语体中，由so.that.,suchthat引导的句子中that可以省略,注意其结构形式：So+形容词/副词+that从句So+adj+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句So+many/much/few/little（少）+名词+that 从句Such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数形式+that从句Such+adj+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句Such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that 从句如：Mike is an honest worker hat we all believe

21、him.=Mike is honest a worker that we all believe him.It is fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned little money that he couldnt support his family.当 s o 或 such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。So clever a student was he tahat he was able to work out all the difficult problems.用适当的连词填空It is not surpri

22、sing that little worms eat little grain.Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor people?四，条件状语从句和方式状语从句一，条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有:if,unless（=ifn o t,除非），so/as long as（只要），in case（万一）,on condition that（条件是）,suppose/supposing（假设，如果），provided that（如果）等。如：You will fail the exam unless

23、you study hard.（=if you dont study hard）.As long as you don9t lose heart,you will succeed.Suppose/supposing（that）they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?In case there is a fire,what will you do first?二，方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有：as,as if,as though等。方式状语从句应该放在主句之后。其中as if或 as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句

24、所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如：Do as you are told to,or youll be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.第三课时【导学目标】1正确理解和区分让步状语从句2掌握部分特殊连接词的考点让步状语从句和比较状语从句一，让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有1,although/though（尽管,虽然），even though/even if（即使）although与 though两者意思相同，一般可以互换,都可以与yet,

25、still或 nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如：He is unhappy,though/although he has a lot of money.Although/Though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.注意:though还可以用作副词，意 为“可是，然而，”置于句末。如：He said he would come,he didnt,though.Even though/even if it is raining,well go there.（陈述语序）Even if I were bu

26、sy,I would go.（虚拟语气）2,a s 引导的让步状语从句需倒装。A s从句一般放在主句之前，需用倒装语序。从句中的表语，状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。如：Child as he is,he knows a lot.Much as I like it,I wont buy it,for its too expensive.Try as he might,he could not find a job.注意:although引导的从句只能用正常语序，而 though引导的状语从句可以倒装也可以不用倒装。Smart though/as she is,she

27、 doesnt study hard.()Though she is smart,she doesnt study hard.()Although she is smart,she doesnt study hard.()Smart although she is,she doesnt study hard.()As she is smart,she doesnt study hard.()3,while也可以引导让步状语从句，常放在句首。如：While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cant be

28、 solved.4,whetheror(不管还是)；疑问词+ever与 no matter+疑问词(不管.;无论.)。Whether you believe it or not,it is true.Whatever(=no matter what)you say,he wont believe you.Whoever you are(=no matter what you are),you must obey the rules.注意：whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如：You can take whatever you like.

29、【题组训练】Fil be your f r i end,happens.A.whatever B.no matter whatI see him,he is busy with his research work.A.whenever B.no matter whenHe liked reading very much,he went,he took a book with himA.wherever B.no matter whereleaves the room last should remember to turn off the light.A.whoever B.no matter

30、 whoIm too busy to buy you a present,so you can use the money I give you to buy you like.A.whatever B.no matter what二，比较状语从句比较状语从句是表示比较，比例，类比等的句子，其主要句子结构如下：1,主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词+as+被比较对象这个句型叫等比句结构，表示两个人和事物在性质，特征等方面相似或相等，即相等的比较，被比对象可能是从句中的主语，也可能是宾语或其他成分。两 个 a s 作用不同，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，含 有“比”，“如同”的意思，它所引导的

31、从句通常是省略形式Physics is as important as mathematics(is)Take as much as you want.表示两个人或事物在性质，特征等方面不相似或不相同时，就用“主语+谓语+notso/as+形容词/副词+(名词)+as+被比较对象”这个句型。You are not so old as you look.There was no garden so lovely as his in this city.It isnt as cold as it was yesterday.有时as好像是从句的主语，其实是从句的主语省略了。There were n

32、ot so many tickets available as were asked for.比较句的肯定形式还有the same as,su ch.as,否定形式还有not the same as,notsuch.as.Your name is the same as your father,s.I never met such a man as your younger brother.2,主语+谓语+形容词/副词的比较级+than+被比较对象在这种结构中than是个连词，引导比较状语从句，如果被比较的对象为名词或代词，一般采用省略形式，省去与主句相同的部分。This river is l

33、onger than that one.She studies more diligently than her classmates.有时，连词than后直接跟从句的谓语，这时我们可以把它看成是省略了某些词语。She played the piano much better than could have been expected.There were more casualties than was reported.(=than it was reported there were)在这种结构中，有时比较对象需要根据上下文内容进行判断；有时对象含蓄在主句中，这时后面往往是一个表示时间或

34、条件的修饰语。Taking this medicine helps to relieve his headache,and makes him less ill-tempered than before.Than he no one could show a friendlier attitude to you.3,主句+谓语+形容词/副词最高级+(名 词)+范围在这个句子结构中，形容词最高级前面要加定冠词t h e,副词最高级的前面可加th e,可不加。形容词最高级后面可跟名词，而副词后面却不能跟名词，他只能修饰动词，比较范围一般是短语或从句。This coat is the most ex

35、pensive that Ive ever bought.She bought the least expensive towels that she could find.最高级还可以用以下结构表示否定词语+比较级I have never seen a taller building.No other book has had a greater influence on my life.否定词语.+so+形容词/副词+as+比较对象There is nothing I like so much as traveling abroad.He has never been so happy a

36、s he is today.More.than any otherShe is more beautiful than any other girl in the school.As.as anyHe runs as fast as any other student in the class.The river is as long as any other in the world.4,the+比较级，the+比较级这是表示比例的句型，意思是“越，就越”，后面跟的是形容词或副词的比较级。通常前面为条件状语从句，后面为结果主句。The more,the better.The sooner,t

37、he worse.The more you work,the greater progress you will make.主句的主谓有时半倒装，以保持句子的平衡。The more you read,the better will you write.5,类比句，表示两类事物的相同或相似关系，通常用连词引导从句，其主要句型是1)A is to B what/as C is to D.Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.2)A does for B what C does for D.Leaves do for plant wh

38、at lungs do for animals.3)A is that to B which C is to DIntellect is that to mind which sight is to the body.4)A does that for B which C does for D.Railways do that for a country which blood vessels do for a mans body.状语从句的省略现象当主从句的主语一致，从句的谓语部分有b e,或者从句是itis/was时，可以省去从句中的主语和be动词或it is/was.一，时间状语从句中常

39、见的省略。While in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.As a young man,Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.I prefer my milk a little sweetened whenever possible.二，条件状语从句中常见的省略。Come tomorrow if possible.If so you must come back and get it.Ill buy a TV set if necessary.Unless repaired

40、,the machine is of no use.方式状语从句中常见的省略形式Some flowers shut up at night as if(they did this in order)to sleep.She stood at the gate as if(she was)waiting for someone.The inspector looked round,as if(he was)in search of something.不全部下列被省略的句子Pressure can be reduced when needed.Once seen,it can never be

41、forgetten.He was a swimmer when a child.He has no money.If any,he would give us.If in need,dont hesitate to ask me for money.Jane seemed as if good at everything.【易考点】关于a s引导的从句的小结(1)定于从句As we know,he is the best player in our class.This is such a heavy stone as we cant carry.(2)时间状语从句(两个动作必须同时进行)As we are older,were getting wiser.(3)让步状语从句(必须倒装)Much as I admire him as a writer,I dont like him as a man.(4)原因状语从句As all the seats were full,he stood up.(5)方式状语从句When in Rome,do as the Romans do.(6)比较状语从句This book is as interesting as that one.