2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密22短文改错（含解析）.docx

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1、解密22短文改错序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1.真题对点析1.对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测【考点综述】英语短文改错是一种综合技能，主要在于检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误以及在语篇中综合运 用英语知识准确性的能力。英语短文改错的十大常见错误短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，观察近几年的高考试题以及同学们平常的各种考试，可以发现短文改错 主要有以下十大错误：01形容词与副词的误用的口 exciting 与 excited, hard 与 hardly, possible 与 possibly, here 与 there等，以

2、及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。02名词的单复数误用。如在several, many, various, different, a few, one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。03 代词的误用。如you与your, it s与its, it与they或them, one与ones,宾格（如me）与反 身代词（如myself）等的误用。04 介词的误用、缺少或多余。常见的如in与on, to与for, instead与instead of, because与because of等的误用。05 时态的错误。一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态

3、是否一致。06 连词的误用。如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连 用,though与but连用等。07第三人称单数后的动词形式。08一些固定结构的误用。如 so. . . that 被误用作 very. . . that, too. . . to 被误用 very. . . to, as. . . as被误作so.as等。09定语从句中关系词的误用。10一些常用词的误用。如what与how, except与besides, any与some以及它们的合成词如anything9 .考查副词。修饰动词disappeared需要使用副词作

4、状语，故将immediate改为immediately。10 .考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，something是定语从句的先行词，从句缺主语，因此使用关系代词 that,并且不能省略。故在something后加that。【真题对点析】4【2019全国11T became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football

5、 fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone? s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my footba

6、ll with classmates after school. I am a good player now.71. interestinginterestedwherewhenfootball 前面力口上 a butandhardly-hardsurprising-surpriseplayerf playerssayf saying nowthen 去掉 my【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历，喜欢上了踢足球，逐渐成长为一名优秀球员。 1.考查形容词用法。句意：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。interesting意为“使人感兴 趣的”，常修饰物；interes

7、ted意为“感兴趣的”，常修饰人。主语是I,故将interesting改为interested。 2.考查定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是one afternoon,关系副词在定语从句中作时 间状语，所以此处应用表示时间的when。故将where改为when。3 .考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football 前加a o.考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是 顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。4 .考查副词。句意为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场

8、。hard （努力地；费力地）”与“hardly （儿 乎不；儿乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同，根据语境，此处要用hard。故将hardly改为hard。5 .考查固定搭配。“to one s surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是6是固定搭配。故将surprising改为 surprise。6 .考查名词的数。“player （运动员）”为可数名词，所以all （所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故 将 player 改为 players。7 .考查现在分词。句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered, say在这里作伴随状语，与主语play

9、ers是主动关系，故将say改为sayingo.考查语境。句意：从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。“from now on （从现在开始）后边句子 应该表示从现在开始所发生的动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。此处表示“从那时起，是from then on,故将now改为theno8 .考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football,中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。 all.【对点模拟练】4Recently, smog weather has became more and more serious in parts of China. People forced

10、to wear masks to avoid breathe poisonous air. To settle this problem, the series of measures should be taken. First, we should introduce more strict law on environmental protection to regulate （调 整）the industrial production and punish those factories what ignore the protection. Second, we should dev

11、elop environmentally-friendly products to improve air quality. Besides, people should build up protection awareness to form a habit by using green products or saving energy. In my opinion, if we all act together, their environment will become more better.【答案】became-become1. forced 前力口 arebreathebrea

12、thing2. thef alaw-laws3. what ft hat/which4. byf ofoff and5. theiffour去掉 more【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。雾霾在中国的部分地区越来越严重，人们出行时不得不戴上口罩来抵御空气污染的危害。为了解决这个问题，政府有关部门和人民应该采取措施，共同努力来创建美好的生活环境。【详解】.考查现在完成时。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词使用了现在完成时态：have +v-ed,表示已经完成 的动作或状态。become的过去分词为become, became是其过去式。故将became改为becomeo1 .考查被动语态和主谓一致。分

13、析句意可知，此处为人们被迫戴上口罩，被动语态：be+v-ed,故forced 前要加be动词，people代指“人们”，单数形式，复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。故在forced前加are。2 .考查动名词。avoid sth/doing sth “避免某事；避免做某事”，此处动名词作宾语。故将breathe改为 breathingo.考查固定搭配。a series of 一系列的”，固定短语。故将the改为a。3 .考查名词的数。more更多的，此处more是many的比较级，其后需接可数名词复数。故将law改为laws。 6考查定语从句。此处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是those fac

14、tories,指物，关系词在定语从句中 作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，what不能引导定语从句。故将what改为that/which。7 .考查固定搭配。a habit of doing sth “做某事的习惯”，固定搭配。故将by改为of。8 .考查连词。or表示或者，即二者选一；and表示“和，而且”，即二者为并列关系。分析句意可知，using green products 和 saving energy 是并列关系，用 and。故将 or 改为 and。9 .考查代词。句意：在我看来，如果我们大家一起行动，我们的环境会变得更好。根据本句前部分的主语 we,此处应与

15、其保持一致，用our。故将their改为our。10 .考查比较级。more better结构重复，better本身就是good的比较级，不用再加more。故去掉more。【真题模测】痣1【2019全国2Since I was a kid, I ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher bec

16、ause I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that

17、I wanted to help people in need.【答案】71. jobfjobs coolly-cool five-fifth too-very/so chemistry 后面加上 in/atof andTheyf Thereamazingamazed 去掉 more is-was【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小到大自己的职业梦想随着求学经历不断改变的过程。【详解】.考查名词的数。“job （工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different （不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工 作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。1 .考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked

18、 （看起来）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly 改为coolo.考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词，故将five 改为fifth。如果是Grade在前，则可以用基数词。2 .考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。so much 在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此以至于: 而“to。much”表太多，一般与to搭 配，表达否定意思“太以至于不能本句话表达肯定意思，故将too改为very/so。3 .考查介词。“在高中”需要在地点名词前加介词in或者at,故在high sch

19、ool前加in/at。4 .考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。“重新考虑” 与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将。r改为and。5 .考查there be句型。句意：这项决定有两个原因。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句 子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释，故此处要用there be句型。故将they改为there。6 .考查形容词用法。句意：病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇。amazed意为“（使）大为惊 奇。amazing意为“令人惊奇的本句话中主语为I,表示“感到惊奇，故将amazi

20、ng改为amazed。7 .考查形容词比较级。句中better为well （健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成 比较级用more加形容词或副词,即more不能与better连用。故将more去掉。8 .考查一般过去时。本篇文章的基础时态是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的one was that.用的 也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。（2019 全国卷HI）I ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though

21、it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty? . In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.If I

22、succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many differentcity. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.答案71. opensopen requiredrequires ordinarily-ordinary cafe 后面力口上 to去掉 like yourselvesthemselves whatthat/whichmanage manag i ng city-cities

23、ana【解析】这是一篇记叙文，本文讲述了作者的梦想是开咖啡馆。1 .考查不定式的用法。不定式作表语，to后用动词原形。故把opens改为open。2 .考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现在时，故把required改为requires。3 .考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe,应用形容词，ordinarily是副词。故把ordinarily改为ordinary。4 .考查动词的固定搭配。want sb to do sth想要某人做某事。故在have前加to。5 .考查介词的用法。such as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。6 .考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主

24、语，故把yourselves改为themselveso.考查定语从句。先行词environment在从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为 that/whicho7 .考查固定短语。succeed in doing something意为“成功做了某事”，是固定短语。故把manage改为 managingo.考查名词单复数。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。8 .考查冠词的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，前用a。 故把an改为ao（2016 全国卷HI）The teen

25、age year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . They were also the best and worse years in my life . At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by 9yourself. However, my parents didn t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one ti

26、me , I even felt my parents couldn t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 答案51. year一years 52.w

27、orse一worst53. the 去掉 54.yourselfmyself55.suchso56.telltold57.freelyfree58.wearwearing59.59.tofor60.I Aneed【解析】试题分析：题目主要考查学生对词法的掌握情况，测试学生能否在具体的语境中灵活运用。51. year一years考查名词复数。13T9年是复数概念，year是可数名词，故把year改为years。52. worse一worst考查形容词最高级。根据前句“ 13T9岁是最困难的时期”可知，应该使用最高级；and 表并列，根据best可知，and连接了两个最高级，故把worse改为wo

28、rst。53. the去掉考查冠词。at first起初，是固定词组，不需要冠词，故把the去掉。54. yourselfmyself考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己 做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself,故把yourself改为mmyself。55. such一so考查so/such的用法。my parents didn t seem to think so我的父母似乎不这样认为， so指代上一句的内容，故把such改为S0otelltold考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把tell改为told。56. freelyfree考查

29、形容词副词。be后跟形容词构成系表结构,be free from.摆脱,不受的影响,故把freely改为free。57. wear一wearing考查固定搭配。by是介词，意为“通过”，后跟名词/代词或动名词，故把wear改为 wearingoto一for考查介词。leave sp for sp离开某地前往另一地，college是目的地，故把to改为for。58. I八need考查状语从句。whenever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何时，随时，从句缺少主语，根 据句意可知，这里指“我”需要父母的帮助，故在whenever后加I。考点：名词；形容词；代词；介词；最高级；固定搭配；时态【新题模测

30、】甄懿胸靖IMy little cousin is greatly interesting in science. And he does some dangerous experiments sometimes. Although his parents want to encourage him to be great scientist, at times they worry about his safety. Last week, if my cousin was doing an experiment, he hurts his thumb. My aunt felt sadly

31、and wanted him to stop from doing that experiment. However, my cousin didn t want to give up. She said, “Many scientists got hurt when they were doing experiments, so they didn t give up. ” My aunt had to let him finish the experiments and he finally succeeded in finish it. 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述我表弟热爱科

32、学，在一次做实验的时候弄伤了手指，姑姑很担 心他，希望他放弃。但他坚持并成功的完成这项实验。【详解】第一处：短语用法错误。短语be interested in对感兴趣。句意：我的表弟对科学非常感兴趣。故将 interesting 改为 interested。第二处：冠词用法错误。名词scientist为可数名词，故前用不定冠词a。句意：虽然他的父母想鼓励他成 为一名伟大的科学家。故在great前加a。第三处：连词用法错误。这里为引导时间状语，故用连词when/while。句意：当我表弟在做实验时，他伤 了拇指。故将if改为when/whileo第四处：时态用法错误。根据文章的时态可知用一般过去

33、时。当我表弟在做实验时，他伤了拇指。故将hurts 改为hurto第五处：词性用法错误。系动词felt后接形容词形式。句意：我姑姑很伤心，希望他停止做那个实验。故 将sadly改为sado第六处：短语用法错误。stop doing sth停止做某事。句意：我姑姑很伤心，希望他停止做那个实验。故 将from去掉。第七处：代词用法错误。这里代指my cousin,故用he。句意：他说：“很多科学家在做实验时受伤了。” 故将she改为he。第八处：连词用法错误。根据前后句之间的逻辑关系可知，这里表示转折关系。句意：但他们没有放弃。 故将so改为buto第九处：名词数用法错误。这里特指前面所做的那个实

34、验，故用单数形式。句意：我姑姑不得不让他完成 这项实验。故将experiments改为experiment。第十处：短语用法错误。短语succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。句意：他成功的完成了它。故将finish 改为 finishingoNowadays, peer （同辈）pressure was strong among high school students. Face others good performance in academic and other aspect, many students feel great pressure. Then, what

35、to handle this kind of peer pressure? The following measures can be taking.First, you should take careful look at your present level and set a practical goal. You needn t always compare you with others and just make your efforts towards your goal. Second, below peer pressure, you shouldn t feel disc

36、ouraging. Instead, you should study harder. Finally, if you find pressure is nearly beyond your control, you d better to turn to teachers for help.【答案】wasf is1. Face-Facingaspectfaspects2. whatfhowtaking-taken3. 在careful前面加ayoiLyourself4. belowfunderdiscouragingdiscouraged5. 去掉turn前面的to【解析】【分析】这是一篇说

37、明文。文章讲述了，如何处理同辈压力的建议/措施。【详解】.考查时态。由时间Nowadays （现在）可知，本句用一般现在口寸，主语peer pressure是不可数名词，谓 语用单数形式，应用is。故将was改为is。1 .考查现在分词。本句已有谓语动词feel且无连词，Face用非谓语形式，主语many students和动词Face 是主谓关系，应用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故将Face改为Facing。2 .考查名词的数。aspect （方面）是可数名词，前面有other （其它的）修饰，other +名词复数，表泛指, 应用名词复数aspects。故将aspect改为asp

38、ects。3 .考查疑问词。句意：那么，如何应对这种同辈压力呢？此处表“方式”，应用how。故将what改为how。4 .考查过去分词。主语The following measures和谓语动词take是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done）, 此处谓语是can be done形式。用故将taking改为taken。5 .考查冠词。固定搭酉己take aTook at （看下），止匕处是take a careful look at （仔名田看下），careful 以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故在careful前面加a。6 .考查反身代词。此处“you”是动词compare的宾语，与主语Y

39、ou人称一致，应用它的反身代词yourself （你自己）。故将you改为yourself。7 .考查介词。固定搭配under （one s） pressure,意为“在（某人的）压力之下”，应用介词under。 故将below改为under。8 .考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词。修饰人，用-ed形容词，修饰物，用-ing形容词，feel是系动词，后接形容词，此形容词修饰主语you （指人），应用-ed形容词discouraged （泄气的），而不是-ing形容词discouraging （令人泄气的）。故将 discouraging 改为 discouraged。9 .考查固定搭配。固定搭

40、配had better do sth.（最好做某事），后接动词原形，应去掉turn前面的to。故去掉turn前面的tooYesterday, in the Palace Museum, I met a young student, that came from the USA. It was first time that I had met a foreigner, so I went to greet her in English. He told me that he was a college student travel in China and he liked China ver

41、y much. I volunteered to show him around to themuseum.museum.He was impressing by the Chinese buildings and busy taking photo all the time. He saidhe hadnseen so beautiful buildings before. After that, we go boating on a lake but had a good time together. I was very glad to have the chance to improv

42、e my spoken English.【答案】f who2.在first前面加thef himtraveling/travelling5.去掉tofimpressedfphotosf suchwentf and【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述作者在校园里碰到一个年轻的美国人，用英语问候了他。他告诉作者他 是一个到中国旅行的大学生，很喜欢中国，作者志愿带他参观了学校，然后，又去划了船，他们玩得很愉 快。作者很高兴有这样的机会练习口语。【详解】.考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a young student,且先行词在从句中做主语，故用 关系代词who引导。that不

43、能引导非限制性定语从句。故that改为who。1 .考查定冠词。句意：这是我第一次见到外国人，所以我用英语和他打招呼。固定句式It was the first time that第一次做”, first前需有定冠词the。故was后添加the。2 .考查代词。根据He told me that he was a college student可知，此处指男性“他”且做宾语，应用 him。故将her改为him。3 .考查非谓语动词。句意：他告诉我他是一个在中国旅游的大学生，他非常喜欢中国。分析句子结构可知 travel在本句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语student构成主动关系，故应用现在

44、分词作定语。故 travel 改为 traveling/travellingo.考查介词。句意：我自愿带他参观博物馆。固定短语show sb. around somewhere “带某人参观某地，to 多余。故去掉to。4 .考查动词动语态。句意：中国的建筑给他留下了深刻的印象，他一直忙着拍照。句中主语He与谓语动词 impress构成被动关系，结合上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故impressing改为impressed。5 .考查名词复数。句意同上。photo为可数名词，此处表示“拍照”短语为take photos,此处用名词复数 表示不止一张照片。故photo改为photos。6

45、 .考查固定句型。句意：他说他以前从未见过这么漂亮的建筑。beautiful buildings为形容词加名词复数 形式的结构，应该用such修饰，表示“如此”，固定搭配“such+形容词+名词的复数: 故so改为such。7 .考查时态。本文叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故将g。改为went。8 .考查连词。句意：我们去湖边划船，一起玩得很开心。结合语境可知前后为承接关系，应用连词and。故将but改为ando与 something, anywhere 与 somewhere 等混淆不清。【备考建议】短文改错解题思路1句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；2 .谓语动词的时态、

46、语态；3 .非谓语动词的用法；4 .名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5 .定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6 .代词的格和性的使用是否有误；7 .定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；8,并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则：改动以最少 为原则；虚词以添加或删除为原则；实词以改变词形为原则以保持句子原意为原则。短文改错解题步骤: 通读全文，掌握大意；整句分析，逐行推敲，反复通读，复查验证。解题注意要点和能力培养： 短文改错的备考策略把握“三“四“五“，共十二个考点三个必考点：1.名词的单复数；2.介词的误用、多用或少用；3.动词时态不一致。四个常考点：L连词的

47、误用、多用或少用；2.冠词的误用、多用或少用；3.词语辨析；4,词性误用。 五个考点：L代词；2.非谓语动词；3.情态动词；4.主谓一致；5.形容词的比较级和最高级。还应该注意对全文的宏观把握：应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解，这样能对短文有个宏观把握，对上 下文有全面的了解。在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读，分析判断，上下兼顾，把明显的、拿的准的题先做完, 这样可以缩小包围圈，也有助于对全文的进一步理解。Part 2对点辩法【真题对点析】1（2020 全国卷I）Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying toma

48、toes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless!the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. Not that way,my mom tried to stop u