--光伏系统设计.docx

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1、Photovoltaic System Design 1 IntroductionAfter PV workers unremitting efforts, solar cell pr oduction technology constantly improve, and increasingly widel y used in various fields. Posts and telecommunications in p articular, the telecommunications industry in recent years be cause of the rapid dev

2、elopment of communication power requir ements have become more sophisticated, so stable and reliabl e power Solar energy is widely used in communications. And how the various regions of solar radiation conditions, to the design of both economic and reliable photovoltaic powe r system, which is one o

3、f the many experts and scholars s tudy the long-standing issue, but there are many excellent research results, for the development of Chinas photovoltaic laid a solid foundation. The author of the study at the design methodology of experts found that the design has o nly considered the self-maintena

4、nce of battery time (that is , the longest consecutive rainy days), without taking into account the loss of electric batteries as soon as possible after the recovery time (ie, two sets of the longest con tinuous rain days, the shortest interval between the days).This problem particularly in the sout

5、hern China region sho uld pay great attention to the southern region because of our rainy day is long too, and for the convenience of ind ependent photovoltaic power system, because there is no othe r emergency backup power protection, so this problem should be included in the design considered toge

6、ther.In this paper, an integrated design method of the previous advantages, combined with the author over the years actual ly engaged in the design of photovoltaic power systems expe rience, the introduction of two sets of the longest consecu tive rainy days, the shortest interval between the number

7、 o f days as the basis for the design of one, and comprehens ive consideration of the the impact of solar radiation cond itions of the factors that made solar cells, the formula f or calculating battery capacity, and related design methods.2 Many factors affect the designSun solar cells on the groun

8、d square on the radiation of light spectrum, light intensity by the thickness of the atm osphere (ieairquality),geographiclocation, the locationof the climateand weather, terrainandsurface features such as theimpact of itsenergy inoneday, January andayear of great change, or even years between the t

9、otal an nual amountofradiationThere werealsolarge differences.Square solar photoelectric conversion efficiency, by the batt ery itself, temperature, sunlight intensity and battery volta ge fluctuations, which is three in one day will change, so square photovoltaic solar cell conversion efficiency is

10、 als o variable.Battery is charging in the float state, with the square of its voltage output and load power consumption changes. Bat teries to provide energy is also affected by environmental temperature.Solar energy battery charge and discharge controller made by the electronic components manufact

11、urer, it is also necessar y energy, while the use of components of performance, quali ty, etc. is also related to the size of energy consumption , thus affecting the efficiency of charge.Load of electricity, but also as determined by uses, such as communications relay stations, unmanned weather stat

12、ions a nd so on, have a fixed power equipment. Some equipment sue h as a lighthouse, beacon lights, civilian power consumption such as lighting and equipment power consumption are often changing.Therefore, the solar power system design,the need to consider many factors and complex. Characteristics a

13、re: the data used in most previous statistical data,the statistical data measurement and data selection are important.Designers of the mission are: In the solar cell matrix und er the conditions of the environment (that is, the scene o f the geographical location, solar radiation, climate, weathe r,

14、 terrain and surface features, etc. ), the design of solar cell and battery power system matrix is We should pay at tention to economic efficiency, but also to ensure system r eliability.Location of a particular energy of solar radiation data to meteorological information provided the basis for the

15、desig n of solar cells used phalanx. These meteorological data re quired to check the accumulation of several years or even decades on average.Various regions on the Earth by sunlight and radiation chan ges in the cycle for the day, 24h. In a square area of solar cells also have the power output 24h

16、 of the cyclical changesin itslawsand sunradiation inthe region,thechangesof thesame.However,changesinweather willaffect the square of the generating capacity. If you have a fe w daysconsecutive rain days,almost square on the power generation shouldnotrely onbatteriestopower, andbattery depth of dis

17、charge and then need to be added as soon a s possible good. Most designers in order to weather the su ntoprovidea daily total of radiation energy or the annual aver age sunshine hours as the design of the main data. Each y ear because of a regional data is not the same as for th e sake of reliabilit

18、y should be taken within the last deca de of the minimum data. Under the load of electricity cons umption, in sunshine and no sunshine when battery power isrequired. Weather provided by solar power or the total am ount of radiation the total sunshine hours on the battery capacity of the size of the

19、decision is indispensable data.Phalanx of the solar cell, the load should include all pow er system devices (except for use but also have a batteryand electrical circuits, controllers, etc.) consumption. Mat rix components of the output power and the number of serie s-parallel, and series are requir

20、ed in order to obtain theoperating voltage, in parallel are necessary in order toobtain the current work, an appropriate number of components through which the composition of series-parallel connectionof solar cells required phalanx.3 Designed capacity of batteriesSolar cell power supply system is t

21、he battery energy storag e devices. And solar cell batteries are usually square mate hing job at Floating state, with the square of its voltage output and load power consumption changes. Its load capaci ty than the power required is much greater. Batteries to p rovide energy is also affected by envi

22、ronmental temperature.And solar cells in order to match the job requirements o f long life battery and easy maintenance.(1)Battery SelectionAnd be able to support the use of solar cells, many diffe renttypesof batteries, widely used at presenthavelead-acid maintenance-free batteries, ordinary lead-a

23、cid batteries a nd alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries of three. Domestic use aremainlymaintenance-free lead-acid batteries, becauseof its inherentfree maintenance of properties andlesspolluting to the environment characteristics,it is suitable fortheperformance of reliable power systems solarpower,es

24、pecially in unattended workstations. Ordinary lead-acid batteries require regular maintenance because of its larger environme ntal pollution, so the main suitable for the maintenance of the ability or have the use of low-grade occasions. Altho ugh alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries have better low-te

25、mperat ure, over-charge, take-off performance, but because of their higher prices, only applies to more special occasions.(2)Calculation of battery capacityBattery capacity to ensure continuous power supply is very important. At one year, the month of matrix generation hasvery different. Phalanx at

26、the generating capacity can not meet the electricity needs of the month, to rely on batt ery power give supplement; electricity required in more than month, are relying on batteries to store excess energy.Phalanx so inadequate generating capacity and surplus v alue, is to determine the basis for one

27、 of the battery ca pacity. Similarly, the continuous overcast and rainy days du ring the load of electricity must also be obtained from th e battery. Therefore, the power consumption during this peri od to determine the battery capacity is also one of the f actors.光伏系统设计1引言经过光伏工作者们坚持不懈的努力，太阳能电池的生产技术

28、不断得到提高, 并且日益广泛地应用于各个领域。特别是邮电通信方面，由于近年来通信行业 的迅猛发展，对通信电源的要求也越来越高，所以稳定可靠的太阳能电源被广 泛使用于通信领域。而如何根据各地区太阳能辐射条件，来设计出既经济而又 可靠的光伏电源系统，这是众多专家学者研究已久的课题，而且已有许多卓越 的研究成果，为我国光伏事业的发展奠定了坚实的基础。笔者在学习各专家的 设计方法时发现,这些设计仅考虑了蓄电池的自维持时间（即最长连续阴雨天）, 而没有考虑到亏电后的蓄电池最短恢复时间（即两组最长连续阴雨天之间的最 短间隔天数）。这个问题尤其在我国南方地区应引起高度重视，因为我国南方 地区阴雨天既长又多，

29、而对于方便适用的独立光伏电源系统，由于没有应急的 其他电源保护备用，所以应该将此问题纳入设计中一起考虑。本文综合以往各设计方法的优点，结合笔者多年来实际从事光伏电源系统 设计工作的经验，引入两组最长连续阴雨天之间的最短间隔天数作为设计的依据 之一，并综合考虑了各种影响太阳能辐射条件的因素，提出了太阳能电池、蓄 电池容量的计算公式，及相关设计方法。 2影响设计的诸多因素太阳照在地面太阳能电池方阵上的辐射光的光谱、光强受到大气层厚度（即 大气质量）、地理位置、所在地的气候和气象、地形地物等的影响，其能量在 一日、一月和一年内都有很大的变化，甚至各年之间的每年总辐射量也有较大 的差别。太阳能电池方阵

30、的光电转换效率，受到电池本身的温度、太阳光强和蓄电 池电压浮动的影响，而这三者在一天内都会发生变化，所以太阳能电池方阵的 光电转换效率也是变量。蓄电池组也是工作在浮充电状态下的，其电压随方阵发电量和负载用电量 的变化而变化。蓄电池提供的能量还受环境温度的影响。太阳能电池充放电控制器由电子元器件制造而成，它本身也需要耗能，而 使用的元器件的性能、质量等也关系到耗能的大小，从而影响到充电的效率等。 负载的用电情况，也视用途而定，如通信中继站、无人气象站等，有固定的设 备耗电量。而有些设备如灯塔、航标灯、民用照明及生活用电等设备，用电量 是经常有变化的。因此，太阳能电源系统的设计，需要考虑的因素多而

31、复杂。特点是：所用 的数据大多为以前统计的数据，各统计数据的测量以及数据的选择是重要 的。设计者的任务是：在太阳能电池方阵所处的环境条件下（即现场的地理位置、太阳辐射能、气候、气象、地形和地物等），设计的太阳能电池 方阵及蓄电池电源系统既要讲究经济效益，又要保证系统的高可靠性。某特定地点的太阳辐射能量数据，以气象台提供的资料为依据，供设计太 阳能电池方阵用。这些气象数据需取积累几年甚至几十年的平均值。地球上各地区受太阳光照射及辐射能变化的周期为一天24h。处在某一地区 的太阳能电池方阵的发电量也有24h的周期性的变化，其规律与太阳照在该地区 辐射的变化规律相同。但是天气的变化将影响方阵的发电量

32、。如果有几天连续 阴雨天，方阵就几乎不能发电，只能靠蓄电池来供电，而蓄电池深度放电后又 需尽快地将其补充好。设计者多数以气象台提供的太阳每天总的辐射能量或每 年的日照时数的平均值作为设计的主要数据。由于一个地区各年的数据不相同, 为可靠起见应取近十年内的最小数据。根据负载的耗电情况，在日照和无日照 时，均需用蓄电池供电。气象台提供的太阳能总辐射量或总日照时数对决定蓄 电池的容量大小是不可缺少的数据。对太阳能电池方阵而言，负载应包括系统中所有耗电装置（除用电器外还 有蓄电池及线路、控制器等）的耗量。方阵的输出功率与组件串并联的数量有关，串联是为了获得所需要的工作 电压，并联是为了获得所需要的工作

33、电流，适当数量的组件经过串并联即组成所需要的太阳能电池方阵。3蓄电池组容量设计太阳能电池电源系统的储能装置主要是蓄电池。与太阳能电池方阵配套的 蓄电池通常工作在浮充状态下，其电压随方阵发电量和负载用电量的变化而变化。 它的容量比负载所需的电量大得多。蓄电池提供的能量还受环境温度的影响。 为了与太阳能电池匹配，要求蓄电池工作寿命长且维护简单。(1)蓄电池的选用能够和太阳能电池配套使用的蓄电池种类很多，目前广泛采用的有铅酸免 维护蓄电池、普通铅酸蓄电池和碱性锲镉蓄电池三种。国内目前主要使用铅酸 免维护蓄电池，因为其固有的“免”维护特性及对环境较少污染的特点，很适 合用于性能可靠的太阳能电源系统，特别是无人值守的工作站。普通铅酸蓄电 池由于需要经常维护及其环境污染较大，所以主要适于有维护能力或低档场合 使用。碱性银镉蓄电池虽然有较好的低温、过充、过放性能，但由于其价格较 高，仅适用于较为特殊的场合。(2)蓄电池组容量的计算蓄电池的容量对保证连续供电是很重要的。在一年内，方阵发电量各月份 有很大差别。方阵的发电量在不能满足用电需要的月份，要靠蓄电池的电能给 以补足；在超过用电需要的月份，是靠蓄电池将多余的电能储存起来。所以方 阵发电量的不足和过剩值，是确定蓄电池容量的依据之一。同样，连续阴雨天 期间的负载用电也必须从蓄电池取得。所以，这期间的耗电量也是确定蓄电池 容量的因素之一。