2023高考英语新题型短文改错.docx

《2023高考英语新题型短文改错.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023高考英语新题型短文改错.docx（21页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高考新题型短文改错一、题型分析.做题原则四不改：单词拼写错误不改；大小写不改；词序错误不改（应从错词或少词方面 考虑）；标点符号不改。五原则：忠实原文原则（不改变原文的意愿）；错误的以改动最少为原则；虚词 以添加或删除为原则；实词以改变形式为原则；以多改少添加或删除为原则。1 .短文改错的命题特征（1）试题的立意特征短文改错中的错误虽然大部分都是所谓“语法”错误，但是，这种试题并不是单 纯检测写作的成效需要良好的写作程序的支持，而在写作程序中，校验能力是不 可缺少的要素。把短文改错当作语法练习是对高考中短文改错的误解。（2）试题的情景特征语言材料通常取自学生自己的作品，或类似学生的作品；内容来

2、自学生身边的常见话题；篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平；语言明白易懂；基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。（3）试题的设问特征设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综 合运用英语知识的准确性错词情况中，涉及动词的情况最多多词错误中，多余的主要是介词；少词错误中，主要涉及介词或冠词2 .全国卷I卷近六年考点分布动词名词形容词 或副词代词冠词连词介词词形变换数词5 .习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形 式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：It was very kind for them to meet

3、 me at the railway station and. ( of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead a ourselves. (of)6 .句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待 我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They a eager to know everything about China and. ( were )I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. ( whi

4、ch )第一例漏掉了谓语动词were ,这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例 则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。7 .逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李 戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. ( their)除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：She was smiling but no

5、dding at me. （ and ）二.语法填空怎么做？语法填空再细分的话，可以分为两类：（一）已给单词提示题型；（二）未给 单词提示题型。具体做法如下：1 .已给单词提示题型的技巧技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化 （不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾 格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变 化，如 no one / none、othe

6、r / another 等。技巧!1!:形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成 比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和.est ,或在词前Imore / less和 most / least ,且形容词的最高级还要冠以theo技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还 有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/tw。的特殊变化形式once/ twice技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形 容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对

7、词根、前后缀、派生词的掌 握。例:Lious lost his wallet yesterday , so he was very(happiness).在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的， 所以要再加个前缀un ,就成了 unhappyo2 .未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语。例 1 : The children were playing on the ground , enjoying, dirty buthappy.从句中的h叩py可以猜出孩子们是开心的，

8、所以应用enjOy oneself短语, 故其答案为themselveso例 2 : His boss wasangry as to fire him .如果跳过横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语soas to., 所以，s。是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例 1 : He did not done his father had asked him to do .审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指 物，所以是whate例 2 : Those want to go to the vil

9、lage must sign here .经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为 those ,且指人，所以只能填入who ,在定语从句中做主语。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语此类短语中往往是动词 与介词或副词连用的多些。例 1 : The us consistsfifty states .根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示由 组成，所以答案是of。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for , due to等。例 1 : Mr Smith took a p

10、lane to Londonof taking a train.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有坐而不是坐”的意 思，故答案为instead ,以构成介词短语instead ofo例 2 : Just then , he saw a blackboard in of him.细心观察,可以看出填人frOnt即可构成in front of ,此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and , or, but , so , for, while等，常用的关联短语有both. and. , either.or. , neither.nor. , not only.but als

11、o.等。例 1 : Little Wang Jun could not go to school , his family was too poor .此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前 面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例 2 :Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre .横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and ,故答案为Botho技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a , an , the之间判断;常用的介词有in , at , on , before , during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的考查还是

12、比较多，如：however , never , yet , much 等。例1 : Jackie likes to drive athigh speed .这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a ,构成at a high speed ,以高速开车。例 2 : Old Tom s granddaughter used to visit him Saturday afternoon .Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in ,而用on才是正 解。例 3 : It was only one day left , his father had no idea to a

13、nswerhim .观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but ,所 以答案是howevero技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的 知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。例:Tonytravelling abroad zbut dislikes staying home watching TV .由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likeso三、七选五怎么做？做七选五时应注意两点：一是答题顺序，即先看选项再看文章；二是解题过程中应注意的关键词，如指示代词、人称

14、代词、连词、和特殊疑问词等。完成句子1 .如果你能找到一些方法来经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心 扉。Find ways to praise your children often, and you II find they will opentheir hearts to you.2 .直到跟两个学生交谈之后我才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因 素之一。Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strongmotivation is one of the biggest factors in

15、 reaching goals.3 .生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。Raised in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road tobecoming a football star.4 .发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度更低的课程。Finding the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.5 .在高峰时刻开车很累。Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.6 .

16、试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知I,他是如此的固执。It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind.As is known to us all, he is so stubborn.7 .我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。The moment/instant/minute I heard the voice On/Upon hearing the voice, I knew Father was coming.8 .当我递给他礼物卡，告诉他可以用这张卡为家人购买任何生活必需品时，他 突然大哭起来。When I

17、 handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears.9 .听到这个消息，他立即就哭了起来。On/Upon hearing this news, he began to cry.10 .然而，长期秘密保存密码本也是很难的。However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.11 .为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。To learn morn 0

18、bolit Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.12 .在这样热的天气喝一杯冷饮是一个好主意。It is a good idea to have a cool drink on such hot day.13 .大部分人住在城市里，不需要干农活养家糊口。The majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.14 .你不把这事做完就不准出去。You aren t going out unt

19、il you ve finished this.15 .你能让我和我的同学搭你的车去上学吗？Would you mind giving me and my classmate a lift to school?写作能力提升句式升级(3)This opportunity will not only make you happy, but also satisfy your interest in Chinese operas.(用倒装句式改写)Not only will this opportunity make you happy, but also it will satisfy your

20、interest in Chinese operas.写作能力提升同义句改写(3)0ne of his hobbies is collecting stamps.Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies用动名词短语作主语改写)(4)His teacher was very angry because he came late,(用动名词的复合结构作 主语改写)His coming Irte made his teacher very angry.完成句子16 .我真的想采访他是因为他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，而且是世界上最 伟大的宇航员之一。I wou

21、ld really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to spacebut also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.17 . 一方面来说，汽车当然很有用，但从另一方面来说，它们也造成了大量污染。On the one hand, of course, cars are useful.But on the other (hand), they cause a huge amount of pollution.18 .谢谢你。你给了我能追

22、随我心的希望。Thank you.You7 ve given me hope that I can follow my heart.2019 年212112012018 年2121121002017 年2130111012016 年2011131102015 年3121111002014 年1140111102013 年212112100例题精讲:1.One of the biggest cultural difference I noticed while I was in London was why the people of London conducted themselves. I

23、t seemed that they took many pride in their country. I also notice that they always seemed to dress well, and always had their hair and makeup do. I dont think I saw one person in sweat pants during their whole trip! At times I found it harder to make the change being in the US to being in London. P

24、ve found out that Americans are loud! Even at the pubs and clubs in London, I felt like that we were a loudest ones!答案：One of the biggest cultural qigerence I noticed while I was in London was J JdifferencesIt seemed that they took many . muchIt seemed that they took many . much”hy the people of Lon

25、don conducted themselves, howpride in their country. I also notice that they always seemed to dress well, and noticedalways had their hair and makeup do . I dont think I saw one person in sweat donepants during their whole trip! At times I found it grdgr to make the change A myhardfrombeing in the U

26、S to being in London. Tve found out that Americans are loud! Even atthe pubs and clubs in London, I felt that we were a loudest ones!tHe19 .组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模 仿甲壳虫乐队。The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.20

27、 .更一般地说，互联网起的作用就好像它是我的记忆一般。（2016江苏）More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory.完成句子21 .毫无疑问他喝多了。It goes without saying that he has drunk too much.22 .当交流变得更有效的时候，无论在哪儿，无论想在什么时间，人们都能够相 互联系。When communication becomes more efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter w

28、here they are and at whatever time they wish to.23 .大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.24 .我过去曾是个以自我为中心的人，但是在过去的两年里，我真的变了。I used to be a very selfcentered person, but in the past two years I have really changed.25 .很明显，学生们应该为他们的将来做好准备。It is obvious to the students t

29、hat they should get prepared for their future.写作能力提升一一句式升级(1)1 feel honoured to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.(用 it 作形式主语改写)It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.(2)She was surprisingly unafraid

30、and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.出人意料的是，她不害怕，而且对他正在做的事感到好奇。写作能力提升一一句式升级(3)The couple were so curious about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(用倒装句改写)So curious were the couple about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagasc

31、ar for further research.You are an adult now and you need to take responsibility for your actions.你现在是成年人了，要对自己的行为负责。完成句子26 .不管有多晚我都等儿子放学回来。I will wait for my son coming back from school however late it is/no matter how late it is.27 .尽管警察认为他最有可能是罪犯，但是因为没有确切的证据，他们也不能逮 捕他。Although/Though the police t

32、hought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.完成句子28 .有这么多的作业要去做以至于我们没时间休息。So much homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.29 . 一旦我们有共同的兴趣，友谊便开始了。Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.30 .虽然这份工作要花大量的时间，但大多数

33、学生都同意这次经历是值得的。Although/Though the job takes a significant amount of time , most students agree that the experience is worth it.31 .如果我当时努力学习的话，我一定会成功的。If I had worked hard/Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.32 .自从我来到这个新学校已经一个月了。It has been a month since I came to this new school.2.Hi S

34、andra,Youll never guess over Im writing this email from a cave! Were on holiday in Spain now. We spent a few days in Barcelona first. Itfs a great place but we had a good time though I didnt feel well one day. Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada. And guess what?

35、 We couldn*t find a hotel because there were quite a lot of tourist. Then someone said, “Why not trying the cave dwellings （住宅）here? We thought he was joking, but here we were really in a cave dwelling and ifs wonderfully. Tomorrow were going to visit a palace in Granada. WeTe enjoying it very much

36、that we dont want to leave this amazed place. We*re never going to have enough time explore everything!Take care!Ben答案：Hi Sandra,Youll never guess oVer Im writing this email from a cave! Were on holiday in Spain now. We spent a few days in Barcelona first. Its a great place but we had a andgood time

37、 though I didnt feel well one day. Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada. And guess what? We couldn*t find a hotel camebecause there were quite a lot of tourist. Then someone said, “Why not trying touriststrythe cave dwellings （住宅）here? ” We thought he was joking,

38、 but here we were arereally in a cave dwelling and its wonderfully. Tomorrow we*re going to visit a palace wonderfulin Granadai Were enjoying it very much that we don*t want to leave this amazed soamazingplace. We*re never going to have enough time A explore everything!J toTake care!Ben【例题精讲】It is e

39、ssential to take an useful summer vacation after the exam. There are many kinds of activity for us to take part. First, we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a happily time with our family. Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be excited. Third,

40、we should take more exercise to keep healthy. Whats more, we*d better to review what we had learned at school. Finally, it is necessary of us to do some housework, that can help our parents a lot.Above all, I hope all of us can have a pleasant vacation.套案. i=i It is essential to take an useful summe

41、r vacation after the exam. There aremany kinds of acfiYy for us to take part A. First, we can visit our relatives and activitiesinfriends or spend a appily time with our family. Second, seeing a film, listening to happymusic or hang out with our friends will also be excited. Third, we should take ha

42、ngingexcitingmore exercise to keep healthy. Whats more, wed better review what we had havelearned at school. Finally, it is necessary of us to do some housework, that can forwhichhelp our parents a lot.Above all, I hope all of us can have a pleasant vacation.In my spare time, I often read some books

43、 written by famous writers in or abroad. I ever read Chinas Four Great Classical novel such as Journey to the West. Beside, I enjoy reading Tang poetry.I have been writing from I was nine years old. I am remember the first time my parents and I talked about my dream of becoming writer. They laughed

44、out happywhen they read the short story I write about robots. They think that my story is well worth read and that I am good at writing. I believe I will achieve their dream.答案：In my spare time, I often read some books written by famous writers in or andabroad. I ever read Chinas Four Great Classica

45、l aovql such as Journey to the West. novels期两出,I enjoy reading Tang poetry.Besides-I have been writing from I was nine years old. I 诂豆 remember the first time sincemy parents and I talked about my dream of becoming A writer. They laughed out J ahappy when they read the short story I write about robo

46、ts. They think that my happily-wrotestory is well worth read and that I am good at writing. I believe I will achieve readingtheir dream, my1 .There was a farmer who sell a pound of butter to a baker.One day the baker decided to weigh the butter to see that he was getting a pound and he was found tha

47、t he was not. This angered him and he took the farmer from court. The judge asked farmer if he was using any measure. The farmer replied, “Your Honor, I am innocently. I don*t have a proper measure, and I do have a scale （秤）.“The judge asked, “Then how do you weigh the butter? ” The farmer replied, Your Honor, long before the baker started buying butter from me, I have been buying a pound of breads from him. Every day when the baker brings the bread, I put it on the scale and give