上海市虹口区2021-2022学年高三上学期期终学生能力诊断测试（一模）英语试题.docx

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1、上海市虹口区202L2022学年高三上学期期终学生能力诊断测试(一模)英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,

2、use one word that best fits each blank.Something to Boast aboutAre your information data safe and reliable?In an ideal world such data, however informative and exploratory they are, 1. a scientific study is based on should be, if not publicly available, then at least available to other researchers.

3、Sadly, this is not always the case.Many scientists are still quite unwilling to have their data revealed though attitudes are changing. This attitude, 2. selfish, is understandable.But sometimes it can cover a darker secret. The statistics presented in a paper may have been controlled to achieve a d

4、esired result. The author may, in other words, have cheated. If he releases the data, that cheating will be obvious.Now Sean Wilner and his colleagues 3. (come) up with a way of reconstructing all the possible data sets that could have given rise to that result, which includes 4. (release) the data.

5、 And they call the way CORVIDS (Complete Recovery of Values in Diophantine Systems).5 . (simplify) the task of spotting abnormal data, CORVIDS turns the possible data sets into a three-dimensional(三维的)chart. This makes any unusual patterns apparent. For example, every 6. (reconstruct) data set may b

6、e missing values at one end of the scale. That might make sense occasionally. Generally, though, such a gap would be a red flag. It would suggest either that the statistics were reported incorrectly or 7. there were problems with the fundamental data.CORVIDS is likely to be 8, immediate value to edi

7、tors and reviewers at academic journals, who will be able to spot problems with papers early, and so discuss them with the authors. If an unresolvable problem 9. show up, then the technique can be applied to previous work by the author in question, to see if anything systematic is going on.But its s

8、peed makes it a useful first step. If the data sets 10, finds do not show any strange patterns, CORVIDSIs Student-loan Forgiveness Unforgivable?Roughly 45 million Americans currently hold $1.6 trillion in student debt, with the average student-loan receiver owing between $20,000 and $25,000, accordi

9、ng to the Federal Reserve. Among those actively making payments on their debt, the average monthly installment is between $200 and $300, And with 5.3 million more people unemployed than in February, right before the U.S. fell into the economic depression caused by pandemic （流行病），some people say that

10、 student-debt forgiveness could be beneficial to the economy.Student-debt cancellation feels like one of the most accessible executive actions to stimulate the economy at the moment J says Suzanne Kahn, director of the Education. Kahn says the move would also help close the wealth gap between white

11、Americans and people of color. Some 90% of Black students and 72% of Latino students take out loans for college versus just 66% of white students, according to an analysis from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.But others argue that sweeping student-loan forgiveness doesnt help the people who

12、 need aid most. Americans with college degrees, as a whole, have been less influenced by the economic effects of COVID-19 than their non-college-educated counterparts. Besides, they raise concerns that if the government wipes out current student loans, future college students may have a motivator to

13、 take on debts, hoping they will also be forgiven. Colleges may in turn tend to raise their prices further.Whats clear, according to the both sides of the aisle（过道），is that economic crises worsen the problem of student debt. The last time the U.S. dipped into a recession, state governments cut their

14、 investments in colleges and universitieswhich, in turn, raised their tuition prices and forced students to take on ever larger loans.In recent weeks, the government has walked a fine line on the issue, offering support for a bill calling for $10,000 worth of student-loan forgiveness but turning dow

15、n anything close to a plan to issue $50,000 per borrower through executive action.Thats not sustainable in the long run. It remains to be seen if the government can arrive at a political solution that is.七、汉译英（整句）52 .秋高气爽，到郊野公园去远足是多么令人心驰神往啊！（it）（汉译英）53 .做任何事情只要我们坚持不懈，最终定然会收获满满。（persevere）（汉译英）54 .原生

16、态的田园乡村正越来越成为在大城市打拼前程的年轻人抚慰焦虑和紧张的“诗和远方:（strive）（汉 译英）55 .尽管疑点重重，但他缜密分析，不放过任何蛛丝马迹，终于令这起社会广泛关注的盗窃案的真相大白 于天下。（which）（汉译英）八、推荐信56 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假定你是明启中学的学生李华，你校交换生Allen打算在圣诞节为他的父母各送一件具有典型中国文化特 色的礼物。他初步选出了四件

17、礼物：旗袍（cheongsam）、紫砂茶具（purple clay tea set）、丝绸围巾（silk scarf）、 书画折扇（calligraphy and painting folding fan）,现在发邮件向你咨询。请你给他写封邮件，谈谈你的意见。 内容包括：1 .为他父母分别推荐的一件礼物；2 .推荐这两件礼物的理由；3 .对Allen父母的问候。注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级和学校等真实信息。参考答案1. as2. though/although3. have come4. releasing5. To simplify6. reconstructed7. that8.

18、 of9. does10. it【分析】这是一篇说明文。针对许多科研人员不愿意公开他们的数据从而容易导致发表的论文中的数据和结果不可 靠的现象，肖恩威尔纳和他的同事们想出了一种叫做CORVIDS的方法。文章对此方法进行了介绍和说明。 1.考查定语从句。句意：在一个理想的世界里，这些数据，无论其信息量和探索性如何，作为一项科学研究 的基础，如果不能公开获得，那么至少也可以提供给其他研究人员。定语从句“a scientific study is based orT 中缺少介词on的宾语，且先行词data被such修饰，所以应用关系代词as引导。故填as。考查连词。句意：这种态度虽然自私，但可以理解

19、。根据selfish和understandable可知，前后构成转折关系， 所以此处应用连词though或although表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句，从句中省略了 “it is”。故填 though/although o考查现在完成时。句意：现在肖恩威尔纳和他的同事们已经想出了一种方法来重建所有可能产生这种结果 的数据集，包括发布数据。根据后文“And they call the way CORVIDS”（他们称之为CORVIDS）可知，此处是 指已经想出了一种方法，表示动作发生在过去但对现在产生了影响或结果，所以应用现在完成时。故填have come。考查动名词。句意：现在肖恩威尔纳和他的

20、同事们已经想出了一种方法来重建所有可能产生这种结果的数 据集，包括发布数据。在动词includes后作宾语应用release的动名词形式。故填releasing。考查动词不定式。句意：为了简化发现异常数据的任务，CORVIDS将可能的数据集转换为三维图表。 CORVIDS将可能的数据集转换为三维图表的目的是简化发现异常数据的任务，所以此处应用to do不定式 表目的。句首首字母应大写。故填To simplify。考查过去分词。句意：例如，每个重构数据集可能在标度的一端缺失值。名词data和动词reconstruct构成 被动关系，且根据“may be missing values at one

21、 end of the scale”可知，动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作定 语。故填 reconstructed。考查宾语从句。句意：这可能表明统计数据报告不正确，或者基本数据存在问题。从句“there were problems with the fundamental data”作动词suggest宾语，为宾语从句，不缺少主语、宾语或表语，也不缺少意义，所 以应用连接词that引导。故填that。考查介词。句意：CORVIDS可能对学术期刊的编辑和审稿人有直接的价值，他们将能够及早发现论文中的 问题，并与作者进行讨论。根据who will be able to spot problems

22、with papers early, and so discuss them with the authors”可知，此处是指CORVIDS可能对学术期刊的编辑和审稿人有直接的价值，应用“。件抽象名词”作 表语，“o计抽象名词”相当于形容词，即“of value”相当于valuable。故填of。考查助动词。句意：如果一个无法解决的问题的确出现了，那么这项技术可以应用到有问题的作者之前的 工作中，看看是否有任何系统性的东西正在进行。主语problem为第三人称单数，且根据“then the technique can be applied to previous work by the aut

23、hor in question”可知，此处为一般现在时，所以应用助动词 does 强调 谓语。故填does。考查人称代词。句意：如果发现的数据集没有显示任何奇怪的模式，那么CORVIDS也不太可能显示奇怪的 模式。根据“CORVIDS is unlikely to show oddness, either”可知，此处是指CORVIDS发现的数据集，所以应 用人称代词it代指CORVIDS。it finds”为定语从句，修饰先行词the data sets”，因为关系代词在从句中充 当宾语，所以省略了关系代词。故填让。2. F13. D14. I15. C16. A17. K18. G19. J

24、20. H【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主题是纪念品背后的深层含义。它的意义不是固定的，因为它对主人的重要性会随 着时间的推移而改变，它的重要性与旅行者的身份密切相关。考查动词。句意：这只是我们做的事情，让我们自己熟悉这个世界，它的可能性，以及我们在其中的位置。分析句子，本句中涉及短语a way to do （一个做某事的方式），可知本空填动词原形。结合句意“让我们自 己熟悉这个世界”可知familiarize （使.熟悉）符合句意。故选F项。考查动词。句意：我们中很少有人会自称为收藏家，但大多数旅行者都会在度假时带上一个贝壳，或者带 上钥匙链。分析句子结构，but连接转折关系的并列句。本句主语

25、是most travelers,设空处为本句谓语动词。根据前面的“call”可知句子时态是一般现在时态。主语是复数形式，谓语动词为动词原形。“pocket”把放进 衣袋，符合语境。故选B项。考查副词。句意：正如波茨先生在一本名为纪念品的书中所指出的那样，这种看似简单的做法远远不 像人们初看到的那么简单。前面是As引导的定语从句，本句there be结构是主句，结合句意，这不仅仅是 看似简单的做法。seemingly副词修饰形容词simple这个形容词作状语。故选D项。考查形容词。句意：首先，它可以追溯到最古老的旅程，因此这是一种可以追溯到几千年前的习惯做法。分析句子，so引导的句子中主语是it

26、, be动词后面的名词practice （做法）是句子表语，设空处应填入形容 词作定语修饰practice,结合句意“习惯做法”可知，customary （习惯的）符合语境。故选I项。考查形容词。句意：学术研究人员已经将纪念品甚至是大规模生产的项目比如“我爱纽约/恤衫和 米开朗基罗的大卫的塑料微缩画分类为不同的类别，可能很多旅行者都不知道。分析句子，设空处后 面的名词“items”（商品，项目）前面缺修饰词，根据句意“大规模生产的项目“可知mass-produced （大量生 产的）符合语境。故选C项。考查副词。句意：此外，我们带纪念品回家的真正原因是什么？分析句子，本句是what引导的特殊疑

27、问句， 结合句意，设空处填genuinely （真正地）作状语修饰be动词。故选A项。考查名词。句意:随着时间的推移，好奇心成为个人旅行的动力。分析句子，intellectual curiosity是句子主 语，此空在be动词之后作整个句子表语，driving （起推动作用的）作它的定语，结合句意“驱动力”，motivation（动机）符合语境。故选K项。考查动词。句意：学者们将这些纪念品分成不同的桶，包括“标记”（T恤衫和茶杯等带有地点标志的物品）、 “图像”（明信片和海报）和“象征性地标”（如自由女神像钥匙链），后两类虽然不是唯一的象征性地标，大 众旅游。分析句子，本句主语是Scholar

28、s,此空作谓语，根据后面的“markers” “pictorial images and “landmarks”可知这是纪念品的分类。group将.分类，符合语境。故选G项。考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子，此空后的“landmarks”和“markers”以及“pictorial images”并列作介词into 的宾语，本空修饰landmarks作定语，结合句意“象征性地标”可知，symbolic （象征性的）符合语境。故选 J项。考查名词。句意；波茨先生自己也有很多纪念品，这些纪念品不仅让他想起他去过的地方和他与当地人之 间不同寻常的邂逅，还让他想起以前的生活阶段。根据此空后面的“betw

29、een him and local people,，再结合 句意“不同寻常的邂逅“，可知encounter （邂逅）符合语境。故选H项。11. A12. D13. B14. C15. A16. C17. C18. D19. B20. A21. D22. B23. A24. C25. B【分析】木文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，一个简单的方法可以缓解因道路被晒伤而加剧的城市热岛效应把 街道涂成灰色。考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚利桑那州立大学的一项研究发现，在黑色沥青上涂上一种反光的灰色材料， 会导致平均路面温度下降10.5至U 12华氏度。 A. applying涂，应用，申请；B. stickin

30、g刺入，粘住；C. approaching接近；D. contributing捐献。固定搭配：apply.to“把涂到上”。故选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，日出时的温度平均下降了 2.4度。A. occurred发生；B. proved证明； C turned使变成；D.saw目睹，看见。此处指“目睹”了温度的下降。故选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个气温不断上升的世界里，看到一项有潜力满足日益增长的沙漠城市的需 求的技术是令人兴奋的。A. efficiently高效地；B. constantly持续不断地；C. technically技术上；D. specifically 专门地

31、。 根据下文“Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day.”可矢口, 此处指温度“持续不断地”上升。故选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：被吸收的能量会在铺好的地面上停留数小时，将热量辐射回夜间的空气中。A. generated 产生，引发；B. heated 加热；C. absorbed 吸收；D. calculated 计算，估计。根据下文“remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into ni

32、ghttime air”,可知此处指“被吸收的能量。故选 C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜间较高的温度会导致早晨更温暖，从而形成城市热岛效应的循环。A. cycle循 环；B. decline 减少，衰退；C. sample 样品；D. variety 种类。根据上文“Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer momings,可知，形成城市热岛效应的“循环”。故选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员还发现，最大的温差发生在靠近路面的地方，距离地面6英尺的地方 温差较小。A. balance平衡；B. control控制；C.difference

33、区分，不同;D. equality平等。根据下文“near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground.”可知，此处指最大温差。故选 C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，那些街道反光的社区的空气温度要比那些街道是黑漆漆的社区低 0.3 至 0.5 度。A. gray-painted 灰漆;B. light-colored 颜色浅的；C. black-topped 漆黑的；D. dry-surfaced 表 面干的。根据空前“the neighborhoods with streets reflec

34、ting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods,可知此处是与黑漆漆社区温度的比较，也就是指黑色吸热。故选C。 28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员表示，“最有意义的测量”是辐射温度，这是一种测量人体如何感受到热 量的方法。A. reflects 反射；B. transmits 播送；C. resists 抵制；D. experiences 体验。根据下文“human experience of heaf可知，此处指人体感受热量的方法。故选D。考查名词词义辨

35、析。句意：这些测量结果表明，“由于地表反射率，人类在中午和下午几个小时暴露在高温 下的体验更高。A. extent程度，范围；B. exposure暴露，接触；C. absorption吸收，吸纳；D. endurance 持久力。根据下文at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity”,可知,此处指暴露” 在高温下的体验。故选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人指出，感觉温度的增加“可能是使用反射表面来降低表面温度的一种必要的 权衡。A. felt 感觉；B. heated 力口热；C. stored

36、储存；D. needed 需要。根据下文“may be a necessary trade-off(妥协)to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface”可知,此处指对温度增加的感觉故选 A。 31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：交通部发言人希瑟墨菲(Heather Murphy)说，使用这种材料的社区的司机和居 民对此反应不一。A. instant立刻的；B.all-sided全面的;C.objective客观的；D. mixed复杂的，混合的。 根据下文drivers and residents in neighborhood

37、s where the material is applied”，可知，此处指司机和居民 对此反应“不一”。故选D。32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有一些人不喜欢它的外观，但总的来说反应是非常积极的。A. optimistic 乐观的；B. positive 积极的；C. pessimistic 悲观的；D. obvious 明显的。根据上文的“We have had some people who don like the look of it, but. 可知,句中的but表示转折,说明反应是“积极的”。故选B。考查短语辨析。句意：如果你在炎热的天气站在这些表面上，事实上，如果你不在阴

38、凉处，你仍然会觉得 热。A. in fact 事实上；B. as a result 结果;C. on the other hand 另一方面；D. for one thing 首先，一方面。根 据空后youre still going to be hot if youre not in the shade J 可知，此处指的是事实。故选 A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以如果我们真的想要推动真正的解决方案，它不会只是把所有的街道涂成灰 色。A. put down放下，记下；B. hold up举起，阻挡;C.push toward推进；D.take back收回。根据下文“true soluti

39、ons, its not going to be just painting all the streets gray.“可知，此处指推进”解决方案。故选 C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究的第二阶段将考察材料在不同条件下的性能，包括反射率、降解和地下温 度在较长时间内的变化。A. variations变奏曲；B. conditions条件,状况；C. circulations流通,循环；D. investigations 调查。根据下文“including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over

40、longer periods.”可知，此处指在不同的“条件下”。故选B。33. C34. D35. B36. A【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了 Vincent Sabella来到一所新学校读书，他的老师和同学对他的看法和态 度。36.推理判断题。根据第一段“A less devoted teacher might have pressed for more details, but Miss Price was content with the rough outline. It was enough to fill her with a sense of mission that

41、shone from her eyes, from the first morning he joined the fourth grade.（一个不那么认真的老师也许会要求了解更多的细节，但普赖斯小姐对这 个粗略的提纲很满意。从他上四年级的第一天早上起，她的眼睛里就充满了使命感。）可知，普莱斯老师对 文森特了解不多，但这并没有阻止她想关心他。故选C项。is unlikely to show oddness, either.Anyway, the trustworthiness of scientific papers will take a step up with CORVIDS.二、选用

42、适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. genuinely B. pocket C. mass-produced D. seemingly E. inspirationF. familiarize G. group H. encounter I. customary J. symbolic K. motiv

43、ationA Deeper Meaning behind Souvenirs“Nobody sits us down and tells us to collect objects when were young,“ writes Rolf Potts, its just something we do, as a way to 11. ourselves with the world, its possibilities, and our place in it.”Few of us would call ourselves collectors, but most travelers 12

44、. a seashell from a vacation, or bring a keychain. As Mr. Potts notes in a book called Souvenir,“ there is more to this 13. simple practice than meets the eye. For one thing, it can date back to the oldest described journeys, so its al4, practice that goes back thousands of years. And academic resea

45、rchers have classified souvenirs even 15, items like I Love New York T-shirts and plastic miniatures of Michelangelo David into various categories, likely unknown to many travelers.Which categories do the things weve bought or found in our travels fall into? Further, whats 16. behind our need to bri

46、ng home souvenirs?Over time, intellectual curiosity became the driving 17, for personal travel. Yet even as travelers began collecting historical and scientific souvenirs, not just religious items, the things they brought home stood for feelings for holy objects.Scholars1 8. these souvenirs into dif

47、ferent buckets, including “markers” (location branded items like T-shirts and teacups), pictorial images” (postcards and posters), and 19. landmarks” (fbr example, Statue of Liberty key chains), with the latter two categories symbolizing, though not exclusive to, mass tourism.In the end, “Souvenir“

48、suggests that its meaning is not fixed because its importance to the owner can change over time and that its significance is closely related to the travelers identity. Mr. Potts himself has had plenty of souvenirs, things that remind him not merely of the places hes been and the extraordinary 20, between him and local people, but of former life phases. When we collect souvenirs/9 he writes, “we do so not to evaluate the world, but to tell the self.”37.细节理解题。根据第三段“We have a new classmate this morning, Miss Price said, His name is Vincent Sabell