2019年英语新外研必修三讲义Module3SectionⅠIntroductionReading—Pre-reading.docx

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1、Many people like the feeling of the gentle wind in spring. Many people like to see the falling leaves dancing in the wind in autumn. But sometimes, when the wind becomes a storm, it can be very destructive （毁灭性的）.Every year, major storms cause many problems around the world. There is nothing people

2、can do to stop these powerful forces of nature. But new techniques are helping scientists to predict （预狈!I） how, when, and where big storms will happen. The more exact scientists* warnings are, the better people can prepare for the storms.Predictions are improving. Weve gotten better over the years,

3、 especially the last few years, “ says Phil Klotzbach, a scientist at an American university. How is a storm formed? Even if scientists know where a storm will happen, winds can suddenly change, carrying thestorm to a new direction. For a hurricane to happen, conditions have to be just right, Klotzb

4、ach says.First, the ocean water needs to be warm enough so that it evaporates （蒸发）and rises into the ain As it rises, the vapor cools and turns back into liquid. This process gives off heat. This produces energy like an engine that causes winds to increase. It drives the formation of a hurricane.If

5、wind speed reaches 40 miles per hour, the system is called “tropical storm， and it gets a name. At 75 miles per hour, it becomes a hurricane.The hurricane season lasts from June to November. Ninety percent of all hurricanes hit in August, September, and October.Section IIntroduction & Reading - Pre-

6、reading 原文呈现What Is a Tornado0?A tornado is a rotatingcolumnof air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violenthave winds of more than 400 kilometres perhour. Almost all of them occurin the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.Tornadoes can pick up cars, tr

7、ains and even houses and put them down in the next street or even in the next town. They can take the furof产the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactlyOn average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 death

8、s and 1,500 injuries. The worst tornado of all timeoccurred in 1925, affcfitingjUlIXfeJUS StatftS： Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.Many tours are t

9、imed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava and the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots

10、 hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night, the burning lava quietly falls down the side of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down.语篇解读:红色的熔岩从火山口喷薄而出冲向百米高空，与黑色的天幕

11、相映生辉，来自大 自然的力量令游客叹为观止，流连忘返。8. What is the main purpose of the passage?A To attract tourists to Pacaya.B. To describe the beauty of Pacaya.C. To introduce guided tours to Pacaya.D. To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.解析：选A 写作意图题。B项描述Pacaya之美；C项介绍去Pacaya的旅行；D项 解释Pacaya大自然的力量。这三项本文都是点到为止，其最终目的是想吸引

12、游客去Pacayao9. Antigua is an islandA. where people can enjoy cultural festivalB. where the daring Pacaya tour startsC. that gives a close-up view of PacayaD. that is famous for its tour companies解析：选B 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句No matter when you come to Antigua, you wont miss the Pacaya-tour companies.”可知，这里是冒险之游

13、的起点。10. Climbing to the McKenney Cone, people will.A. walk directly to the active summitB hear the continuous loud noise from aboveC. make greater efforts than to other summitsD. see a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions解析：选D 细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Steaming, hot remains from recent eruptions begin t

14、o line the path as you near the active summit” 可知 D 项正确。11. Many tours are timed for people toA. get down the mountain in time when night fallsB. avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the coneC. enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening skyD. appreciate the scenery of the 2,560-metre

15、-high mountain解析：选C 细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，要准时到达火山锥才能欣赏到日 落及岩浆喷发到黑色天空中的壮观景色。II.阅读七选五Red Cross Apps Guide Survivaliststhrough Natural DisastersRed Cross has several apps that will help you in a natural disaster. 1Emergency AppFor an all-in-one reference for any catastrophe, the Emergency App is the answer.

16、2 Users can also customize their alerts according to their areas and locations of their loved ones so that they can monitor activity in multiple places.Earthquake App3 And the number of high magnitude earthquakes nearly doubled last year. With the Earthquake App, youll receive real-time alerts and n

17、otifications and learn how to respond in this natural disaster while keeping your family and home safe from any further threats.Hurricane AppThis is a must-have for people in hurricane areas. 4 Much like the Earthquake App, it will supply you with details for staying safe in this circumstance.Shelte

18、r Finder AppIn case your emergency shelter wasnt built to withstand whatever disaster came your way, the Shelter Finder App uses data from the National Shelter System and maps out the secured shelters across the country. Other than the address, the app also supplies you with details such as the agen

19、cy running the shelter, capacity and current population of the shelter, among others. ，A. The global earthquake rate is rising.B Each app is available on iOS and Android devices.C. It contains information on over 35 different types of emergency situations.D. These details are updated within every th

20、irty minutes, so you*ll always stay posted.E. Track storms and the condition in your area so that you can take the proper precautions.F. The modern survivalist knows your smart phone is the best tool to keep you on your feet.G For other apps specific to a natural disaster, the Red Cross also has app

21、s for floods, tornadoes, and wildfires.语篇解读：如何应对自然灾害呢？本文介绍了一些红十字会自然灾害客户端，它们会对你 有所帮助。L选B 设空处前面句子说到“红十字会有几个应用程序会在自然灾害中帮助你” o 选项B意为“每个应用程序都可在iOS和Android设备上使用”，符合语境。2 .选C 由设空前的内容可知选项C符合语境，意为“它包含了关于超过35种不同 类型的紧急情况的信息”。3 .选A 该段主要介绍“地震应用程序”，选项A意为“全球地震发生率正在上升”， 其中的关键词“earthquake”与段落主题相符。由此可见，选项A符合语境。4 .选E 选

22、项E中的关键信息“storms”与段落标题以及设空处前面句子中的关键线索 词hmricane”相符。由此可见，选项E符合语境。5 .选D 选项D中的“These details”与上文中提到的“with details such as”相呼应。 由此可见，选项D符合语境。读文清障tornado/Wneldau/”.龙卷风rotating/rauteItIij/时.旋转的；循环的column/ kx）lam/.柱状物；柱状体（Dthunderstorm/OAnda, st）： m/雷暴violent/variant/力.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的per prep每occur/a k3：/oi.发生o

23、ccur不用于被动语态和进行时态。pick up卷起；掀起fur/f3：.（动物的）毛皮takeoff去掉feather/feda/,羽毛furniture/f3：nltja .家具where it was是where引导的地点状语从句。on average平均起来cause/k，z/.引起；导致causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries是现在分词短语作结果状语。of all time有史以来，历史上（常与最高级连用）现在分词短语affecting three US states作状语，表结果。什么是龙卷风?第13段译文龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到

24、地面而生成的旋转气柱。最强烈的龙卷风风速达 到每小时400千米以上。几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，从东南部的得克萨斯州到北部 的南达科他州。龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到邻近的街道甚至邻近的城镇。 它们（龙卷风）能拔掉猫背上的毛和鸡身上的羽毛。它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原 处。平均起来，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。有史以 来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印 第安纳州。等到风停时，已有700人死亡，2 700人受伤。What Is a Hurricane?Hurricanes are st

25、rong tropicalstorms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually aff

26、ect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 inGalveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 bui

27、ldings.,tropical/tnopIkl/M/热带的which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods 是 which 弓| 导的非限制性定语从句， 修饰winds owave/welv/浪wave v.挥手，招手洪水hit P.袭击什么是飓风?第45段译文飓风是强劲的热带风暴，它们通常发生在南大西洋、加勒比海以及墨西哥湾。（飓风发 生时）风速达每小时120千米或更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。每年平均有6次大西洋飓风, 这些飓风通常会影响从得克萨斯州到缅因州的美国东部海岸。有史以来最强烈的飓风灾难于1900年9月8日发生在得克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿。时

28、速 高达200千米的大风和5米高的巨浪袭击了这座城市。37 000人中有6 000人遇难，3 600 幢建筑物被摧毁。An Extraordinary EventThis is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor 双11公双fenttoJiwilLCanada。. He then moved to New York, where he became famops. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Gal

29、veston, Wb斑in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlans coffin ended up in the sea.Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf S

30、tream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island. Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas! ,who引导的定语从句,修饰actor, who在从句中作主语。卷where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰New Yorko where在从句中作地点状语，可 以转换成in whichowhere引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰GalvestonoOstrike/stralk/of.& （雷电、

31、暴风雨等）袭击strikef struckstruck/strickencemetery/semat ri/墓地；公墓where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the cemetery, where在从句中作地点状语。 bury/ beri/.埋葬be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于 coffin/* kx)fln.棺材Oend up结果为,以结束end up with以某种方式结束up prep 沿而上一个离奇的事件第68段译文这是一个关于1900年加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。查尔斯科格伦是19世纪一位定居加拿大的爱尔兰演员。后来他移居纽约，并在那里成 名。到19世纪

32、90年代末，他已经移居加尔维斯顿，于1899年在那里去世，也就是飓风袭 击那里的前一年。掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风摧毁，他的棺材最终被卷入了大海。8年后，渔民们在加拿大东部爱德华王子岛他家附近发现了他的棺材。墨西哥湾流沿着 美国东海岸把它（棺材）一直带到爱德华王子岛，行程3000千米。埋葬于得克萨斯州的查尔 斯科格伦又回到了加拿大！Step 1Pre-readingElpiease match the words with their proper meanings.disasterA.况引起;导致2. experience3. cause4. furnitureB.波浪C.戈.&.（雷电、暴风雨

33、等）袭击D. .墓地；公墓5. bury E. 灾难6. occur F.”经历7. violent G. .家具8. wave H. oi.发生L Q疗猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的9. strike10. cemetery J.“埋葬610答案：15 EFAGJ 610 HIBCD EULead-inLooking at the following pictures and write down the names of the natural disasters.1. earthquake2.fire3,typhoon4. tornado5Jightning6.HoodStep 2While-r

34、eadingElFast-readingRead the text quickly and match the sentences.1. A tornado is2. Tornadoes can destroy houses.3. Hurricanes are strong tropical storms4. Charles Coghlan was an Irish actor5. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year.A. and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic O

35、ceanB. and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to MaineC. and something unexpected happened to his coffin after he diedD. a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the groundE. but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was5 答案：15 DEACBElcareful-readingRead the text ca

36、refully and choose the best answers.1. Which of the following descriptions about tornado is NOT correct?A. It is a kind of rotating column of air.B. It is usually caused by a thunderstorm.C It can reach a speed up to more than 400 kilometers per hour.D. It can cause much damage to people, including

37、deaths and injuries.2. How much damage did the worst tornado cause to the US?A. It picked up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street.B. The fur of the back of many cats and the feathers of many chickens had been taken off.C. It caused about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.D. M

38、ore than 700 people lost their lives and 2,700 had been injured.3. What are the similarities between the tornado and hurricane?A. They both occur together with strong wind.B. America is the country affected often by both of them.C. They both can cause a lot of damage to people and the buildings.D. A

39、ll above.4. Where was Charles Coghlan born indeed?A. In Ireland.B. In Canada.C. In New York.D. In Galveston.5. What are the causes of these natural violence?A. The different atmospheric pressure between two areas.B The changeable weather in these areas.C. The destruction of the nature by human being

40、s.D. Not mentioned in the passage.答案：15 BDDADAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.句式分析尝试翻译1有史以来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏 里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。2. There are violent winds of 120

41、 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods.句式分析尝试翻译风速达每小时120千米或更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。3. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.句式分析尝试翻译到19世纪90年代末，他已经移居加尔维斯顿，于1899年在那里去世，也 就是飓风袭击那里的前一年。I .阅读理解AHurricane Babette

42、reached the northeastern United States today and caused death and destruction everywhere. The killer storm carried winds of 135 miles per hour. The high winds and heavy rains, together with the force of the Atlantic Ocean, created extremely dangerous waves. It is not yet known how many people died o

43、r were hurt in this storm, but it is said that the numbers will be very high. The damage to homes, business and crops will run into billions of dollars. Now that the storm is over, the long, slow rebuilding will begin.With the arrival of the tornado season, the National Weather Service is again tell

44、ing people how to protect themselves from these deadly storms. The winds from tornadoes are the most violent winds on earth. They can blow up to 400 miles per hour. A tornado looks like a funnel（漏斗）It is also very loud. It may sound like a train coming at you. In fact, the winds from a tornado can p

45、ick up a train and throw it around. If a tornado is seen in your area, it is very important that you protect yourself. A basement （地下室）is the safest place to go. Try to wait under a table in the basement. If your building does not have a basement, stay on the ground floor but lie flat under a bed or

46、 table. Stay away from windows. If you are outside or in your car, try to find a narrow place to lie down in.As the area tries to deal with the worst flood of the century, there are many heartwarming stories of people helping other people. From all over the world people have sent food and clothes to

47、 help the thousands who have had to leave their homes. Many volunteers have come to help to make sandbags and use them to build walls against the overflowing river. While the result of this disaster will be terrible for many, it is beautiful to see people coming together to help others and save live

48、s, and property （财产）.语篇解读：本文讲述了自然灾害带给人们的灾难及在这些灾难中人们如何自救。1. What are the three short paragraphs about?A. Newspaper articles about the weather.B. Bad weather forecasts in newspapers.C. Introduction to climate in different places.D. Popular science on climate.解析：选A 主旨大意题。第一段讲述飓风造成的损失，第二段讲述龙卷风中人们如 何自救，第三段讲述了在这些灾难中人们的表现。故这篇文