2023年人教版八年级英语下册重点短语句型及语法全面.pdf

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1、1/21 八年级下册英语短语、句型及语法Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、重点短语1.have a fever 发烧2.have a cough 咳嗽3.have a toothache 牙疼4.talk too much 说得太多5.drink enough water 喝足够的水6.have a cold 受凉;感冒7.have a stomachache 胃疼8.have a sore back 背疼9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛10.lie down and rest 躺下来休息11.hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12.see

2、a dentist 看牙医13.get an X-ray 拍 X 光片14.take one s temperature 量体温15.put some medicine on sth.在上面敷药16.feel very hot 感到很热17.sound like 听起来像18.all weekend 整个周末19.in the same way 以同样的方式20.go to a doctor 看医生21.go along 沿着走22.on the side of the road 在马路边23.shout for help 大声呼救24.without th inking twice 没有多想

3、25.get off 下车26.have a heart problem 有心脏病27.to one s surprise 使.京讶的28.thanks to 多亏了；由于29.in time 及时30.save a life 挽救生命31.get into trouble 造成麻烦32.right away 立刻；马上33.because of 由于34.get out of 离开;从 出萍35.hurt oneself 受伤36.put a bandage on sth.用绷带包扎37.fa ll down 摔倒38.feel sick 感到恶心39.have a nosebleed 流鼻

4、血40.cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖41.put her head back 把她的头向后仰42.have problems breathing 呼吸困难43.mountain climbing 登山运动44.be used to doing sth.习惯做某事45.run out(of)用完;用尽46.so that 以便47.so.that 如此 以至于48.be in control of 掌管;管理49.in a difficult situation 在闲境屮50.keep on doing sth.继续或坚持做某事 51.make a decision 做出决定2/21

5、52.take risks 冒险53.give up 放弃二、重点句型1.What s the matter?What s the matter with you?=Whats the trouble with you?=What s wrong with you?你怎么了？2.What should she do?她该怎么办呢？Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？主语+should/shouldn t+动词原形.You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。You shouldn t go out at night.

6、你晚上不应该出去。3.Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？4.I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。5.She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital 三、语法点（一）、询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：What?s th

7、e matter(with sb)?（某人）怎么了？What?s wrong(with sb)?（某人）怎么了？What?s the trouble(with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？What happened(to sb)?（某人）发生了什么事？Are you OK?你没事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症The twins have colds双胞胎感冒了。Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache

8、/earache.She had a stomachache last night她昨晚肚子痛。某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 He has a sore throat他喉咙痛。某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly我头痛得厉害。某人+have/has+a pain+in one?s+身体部位，I have a pain in my chest我胸口痛。(There is)something wrong with one?s+身体部位 There is somethi

9、ng wrong with my right eye 我的右眼有毛病。其他表达方式She has a heart trouble她有心脏病。声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来3/21 He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。She cut her finger她割破手指了。二 情态动词should 的用法

10、1Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn?t，其后接动词原形，无人称 和 数 的 变 化。常 用 来 表 示 征 询 意 见、建 议、劝 告、要 求 或 义 务等。You should drink hot water with honey你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。You shouldn,t watch TV.你不应该看电视。2Should 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。Should I put s

11、ome medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：Would you like(to do)sth？你想要愿意（做）某事吗？Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？Shall I/we do sth?我我们做,好吗？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？Why not do sth?为什么不,呢？Why not jo

12、in us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？How/What about doing sth?做 某 事 怎 么 样？How about going swimming?去 游 泳 怎 么样？Let?s do sth让我们做,吧。Let?s go home咱们回家吧。You?d better(not)do sth你最好（不）要做某事。You?d better not go there alone你最好不要独自去那儿。Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks.一、重点短语1.Clean-Up Day 清洁日2.an old people s home 养老

13、院3.help out with sth.帮助解决困难4.used to 曾经 过去_ 5.care for 关心;照顾6.the look of joy 快乐的表情7.at the age of 在.岁时8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净9.cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振雀10.give out 分发;散发e up with 想出；提出12.make a plan 制订计划13.make some notices 做些公告牌14.try out 试用;试行15.work for 为工作；为 效力16.put up 建造;举起;张贴17.hand out 分发;散发;发给18.ca

14、ll up 打电话;召集19.put off 推迟;延迟20.for example 比如；例如21.raise money 筹钱;募捐22.take after 与.相像;像23.give away 赠送;捐赠24.fix up 修理;修补;解决声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来4/21 25.be similar to 与

15、相似26.set up 建立;设立27.disabled people 残疾人28.make a difference 影响;有作用29.be able to 能够30.after-school reading program课外阅读项目二、重点句型1.The boy could give out food at the food bank.这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。2.Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。3.He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday mo

16、rning.每周六上午，他都在一 家动物医院当志愿者。4.Last year,she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。5.you can see in th e ir eyes that they re going on a different journey w ith each new book.从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。6.I want to put off my plan to work in an animal

17、 hospital until next summer.我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。7.Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。8.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。三、语法点动词不定式A.作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it 作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型：It+be+adj.

18、/n.+(for/of sb.)to do sth./It takes sb.some time to do sth.B.作宾语动词 want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare,常接动词不定式作宾语。C.作（后置）定语常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“enough名to do”“It?s time to do sth.”等结构中。声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢

19、我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来5/21 D.作宾语补足语 tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call等可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want/call/invite sb.to do sth.结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to,hear)，三让(let,make,have,，四看(look at,see,watch,notice)，半帮助(help)

20、”。E.动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加 in order(to)或 so as(to)“为了，目的是”。常用结构有 too+adj./adv.+to do sth.等。F.固定句 式中 动词 不定 式的 用 法常见的形式有：had better(not)do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please(not)do sth.?等。Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?重点短语go o

21、ut for dinner 出去吃饭stay out late 在外面待到很晚go to the movies 去看电影get a ride 搭车work on 从事finish doing sth.完成做某事clean and tid y 干净整洁do the dishes 洗餐具take out the rubbish 倒垃圾fold your/the clothes 叠衣服sweep the floor 扫地make your/the bed 整理床铺clean the livng room 打扫客厅no problem 没问题welcome sb.欢迎某人come home fro m

22、 school/work放学/下班回家throw down 扔下sit down 坐下come over 过来take sb.for a walk 带某人去散步all the time 一直;总是all day/evening 整曰/夜do housew ork 做家务shout back 大声回应walk away 走开.share the housework 分担家务a com fortable home 一个舒适的家in surprise 惊讶地get som ething to drin k 拿点喝的东西watch one show 观看一个节目hang out 闲逛pass sb.s

23、th.把某物传给某人lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人get sth.wet 使某物弄湿声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来6/21 hate to do sth.讨厌做某事do chores 做杂务help sb.(to)d o/with sth?帮助某人干某事bring a tent 带顶帐篷来buy some snac

24、ks买些小吃go to the store去商店invite sb.to a party邀请某人参加聚会make sb.do sth.使某人做某事enough stress足够的压力awaste of time浪费时间in order to为了get good grades取得好成绩mind doing sth.介意做某事depend on 依赖;依靠look after/take care of 照顾；照看develop children s independence 发展孩子的独立性do one s part in(doing)sth.做某人分内的事二、重点句型1.Could you pl

25、ease.do sth.?Could you please clean your room?你能整理一下你的房间吗？2.I have to do some work.我必须干些活。3.Could I+do sth.?Could I use your computer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗？4.She won t be happy if she sees th is mess.如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话,她会不高兴的。5.For one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。6.My m

26、om came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。7.hate+(to do/doing)sth.I hate to do chores.我讨厌做杂务。三、语法点Could you please.?句型（1）请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can you.please?情态动词 could 或can 在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could 在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I.?若在句末加上 please，则显得更礼貌。Could you help m

27、e find my book,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来7/21（2）对 could you/I.?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry 或 oh,please don?t”。一般不用 no 开头，用 no

28、显得语气生硬、不礼貌。（3）表示请求的句式：Would you like to do.?Would you mind doing.?Let?s do.Shall I/we do.?Please do.(祈使句前加 please)提示：could you please.与 could I Please.两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：Could you please help me?请你帮我一下好吗？Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom?妈妈，我能邀请我的朋友参加我的

29、生日聚会吗？Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一、重点短语1.have free time有空闲时间2.allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事3.hang out with sb.与某人闲逛4.after-school classes课外活动课5.get into a fight with sb.与某人吵架/打架 6.until midnight直到半夜7.talk to sb.与某人交谈8.too many太多9.study too much学得过多10.get enough sleep有足够的睡眠11.write sb.a le

30、tter给某人写信12.call sb.up打电话给某人13.surprise sb.令某人惊讶14.look through翻看15.be angry with sb.生某人的气16.a big deal重要的事17.work out成功地发展;解决18.get on with和睦相处19.fight a lot经常吵架/打架20.hang over笼罩21.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事22.offer to do sth.主动提出做某事23.so that 以便24.mind sb.doing sth.介意某人做某事25.all the time一直26.in future

31、今后27.make sb.angry使某人生气28.worry about sth.担心某事29.copy one s homework抄袭某人的作业30.be oneself做自己31.family members 32.spend time alone独自消磨时光33.give sb.pressure给某人施压34.have a fight with sb.与某人吵架pete with sb.与某人竞争36.free time activities业余活动37.get better grades取得更好的成绩38.give one s opinion提出某人的观点声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病

32、使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来8/21 39.learn exam skills学习应试技巧40.practice sports体育训练41.cause stress 造成压力42.cut out 删除二、重点句型1.I studied until mid night last night so I did n t get enough sleep

33、.我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。2.Why don t you forge t about it?你为什么不忘掉它呢？3.Although she s wrong,i t s not a big deal.虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。4.He should talk to his friend so that he can say h e sorry.他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。5.May be you could go to his house.也许你可以去他家。6.I guess I could,but I dont want to surprise him.我想我可以.但我

34、不想让他感到惊讶。三、语法点1.提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How/what about doing sth.?（about 是个介词，可跟名词或动名词）“,怎么样？”You?d better(not)do something.“你最好（不）做某事”Would you like sth,?:“你想要某物 Let?s do sth,?What should I do,?(should表示请求、征询对方意见)2.学会谈论问题和学会用why dont you,提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的表达方式：Why don?t you do some

35、thing?=Why not do something?你为什么不做某事呢？来表示请求、征询对方意见until,so that,although引导的状语从句：1)until：在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到,时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到,才,”,“在,以前不,”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don?t get off until the bus stops.2）so that 引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in

36、 the future 声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来9/21 3）although 的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and，so 等连用，但可以和 yet，still 等词连用。例如：Although he was tired,he went on worki

37、ng.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?一、重点短语1.make sure 确信;确认2.beat against.拍打 3.fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着4.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失5.wake up 醒来6.in a mess 一团糟7.break.apart 使分离8.in times of difficulty 在困难的时候9.at the time of 当.时候10.go off(闹钟)发出响声11.take a hot shower 洗热水澡12.miss the b

38、us 错过公交车13.pick up 接电话14.bring.together 使靠拢15.in the area 在这个地区16.miss the event 错过这个事件17.by the side of the road 在路边18.the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线19.walk by 走路经过20.make ones way to.?.在某人去的路上21.hear the news 听到这个消息22.,important events in history 历史上的重大事件23.,for example 例如24.,be killed 被杀害25.,over 50

39、5 0 多(岁）26.a school pupil 一个小学生27.on the radio 通过广播28.,in silence 沉默;无声29.,more recently 最近地;新近30.,the World Trade Center 世贸中心31.,take down 拆除;摧毁32.,have meaning to 对有意义33.,remember doing sth.记得做过某事34.,at first 首先;最初二、重点句型1.What were you doing at eight last night?昨晚 8 点你在干什么？I was taking a shower.我在

40、洗淋浴。2.When it began to rain,Ben was helping his mom make dinner.当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。3.What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来10/21 琳达在睡觉的时候，

41、珍妮正在干什么？While Linda was sleeping,Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。三、语法点过去进行时 1.基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的 动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语来表示。2.结构 was/were(not)+动词-ing 3.句式 肯定式：I/He/She/It was working.We/You/They/were working.否定式:I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They/w

42、ere not working.疑问式和简略回答:Was I working?Yes,you were.No,you were not.Were you working?Yes,I was.No,I was not.Was he/she/it working?Yes,he/she/it was.No,he/she/it was not.Were we/you/they working?Yes,you/we/they were.No,you/we/they were not.注：1)was not 常缩略为 wasn?t;were not常缩略为 weren?t。2)一般过去时与过去进行时用法的

43、比较:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态,而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。例如:David wrote a letter to his friend last night.大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)David was writing a letter to his friend last night.大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)4.过去进行时中的 when 和 while when,while 区别：1)由 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；由 while 引导的时间状语从句，主

44、句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。When the teacher came in,we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：While we were talking,the teacher came in.2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用 while 引导。如：They were singing while we were dancing.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains 一、重点短语1.work on doing sth.致力于做某事2.as soon as.一就.3.onc

45、e upon a time 从前4.continue to do sth.继续做某事5.make sth.happen 使某事发生6.try to do sth.试图做某事声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来11/21 7.the journey to sp.之旅8.tell the/a story 讲故事9.put on 穿上

46、10.a little b it 有点儿11.keep doing sth.坚持做某事12.give up 放弃13.instead of 代替;反而14.turn.into 变成15.get married 结婚16.the main character 主要人物；主人公17.at other times 在另外一些时候18.be able to 能;会e out(书、电影等)出版20.become interested in.?对感兴趣21.walk to the other side 走到另一边去 22.a fairy tale 一个神话故事23.the rest of the stor

47、y 故事的其余部分 24.leave sb.to do sth.让某人做某事25.make a plan to do sth.筹划/计划做某事 26.go to sleep 去睡觉27.lead sb.to sp.把某人领到某地28.get lost 迷路29.change ones plan 改变计划30.tell sb.to do sth.叫某人做某事31.in the moonlight 在月光下32.find one s way home 找到某人回家的路33.the next day 第二天34.send sb.to sp.派某人去某地二、重点句型1.W hat do you th

48、in k about/of.?So what do you th ink about the story of Yu Gong?你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？2.It doesnt seem adj.to do sth.I t doesn t seem very possible to move-a mountain.把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。3.This is because.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size,turning himself into different animals and objects

49、.这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出 72 种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。so th a t+从句Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。5.It take sb.some time to do sth.声呼救没有多想下车有心脏病使京讶的多亏了由于及时挽救生命造成麻烦立刻马上由于离开从出萍受伤用绷带包扎摔闲境屮继续或坚持做某事做出决定冒险二重点句型放弃你怎么了她该怎么办呢我应该量一下体温吗主语动词原形你应语法点一询问某人的

50、健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时常用以下几种结构来12/21 Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.这些（山）太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。6.not.util十从句Don t eat it until you get to the forest.你们到达森林之后才能吃。三、语法点1.unless 引导条件状语从句unless=if,not 除非，若不They will go tomorrow unless it rains.=They w