北京市海淀区2023届高三下学期二模英语Word版含解析.docx

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1、海淀区2022 2023学年高三第二学期期末练习英语试卷本试卷共11页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交 回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。When I was little, Id play chess with my grandfather, and hed smoke his cigar while telling me stories about growi

2、ng up, pursuing dreams, and travelling around the world. Yet it was only after he passed away that I how fast his stories had faded away.Hence the importance of preserving 2 dawned on me, which ultimately changed my previous outlook on remembering our loved ones and the stories we share.All too ofte

3、n, we lake fbr granted （he value that our family histories and personal experiences have had in our lives. They help to 3 who we are, providing markers of our growth. I believe to some degree we are all naturally 4 about our ancestry, but we can be stuck on knowing what questions to ask.Full of regr

4、ets but armed with a newfound5, I thought about solutions to help other people recordthe precious memories fbr those （hey lovebefore its too late. As freelancer （自由职业者）platforms became mainstream, I discovered many highly qualified writers were 6 around the world, so I began matching ghostwriters （代

5、笔者）with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service, was 7.Since then, we have explored the power of stories and their ability to connect us with our past and 8 the present. It has been documented that learning more about ones family history has been linked to 9 emo

6、tional health, increasing compassion and providing a deeper sense of cultures and traditions.Among all the heritage stories at Story Tree, family is a dominant theme. Other common themes arc love, enterprising spirit, overcoming difficulty, and settling in new surroundings. However,l 0 is a threadth

7、at always lies these together.1. A. doubtedB. imaginedC. realizedD. counted2. A. hobbiesB. relationshipsC. evidencesD. memoriesA. He depended on his great-grandma fbr a living.B. He stood out in study and sports in high school.C. He lay flat just like other unsiipervised children.D. He was supported

8、 by foster care for better education.26. Why did Walton get involved with a lot of organizations?A. To share his troubled past with young adults.B. To pay back to society by helping young adults.C To advise businesses to treat young adults fairly.D. To promote education equality among young adults.2

9、7. What can we conclude from Waltons story?A. One good turn deserves another.B. Opportunities favor the prepared mind.C. Education is a powerful weapon to change the world.D. Ones future is defined by his efforts, not by his origin.【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 27. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述沃尔顿，虽然小时候是在寄养家庭长大，

10、但是一直非常努力和 出色，后来成为麻省理工的临时工作人员，致力于帮助年轻人解决麻烦问题来回馈社会。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 “ But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Officethe Institute divisions that arc fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, theyll acknowledge that not only is Walto

11、n the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome.（但如果你问麻省理工学院化学系和物理系的任何人，或者新闻办公室一一学院 的部门，他们很幸运地拥有格雷格沃尔顿作为他们的IT服务提供商，他们会承认沃尔顿不仅是最好的， 而且无论问题是什么，他都会坚持到底，直到所有参与者都对结果感到满意。）”可知麻省理工学院的工作 人员对沃尔顿的高度赞扬主要是因为他以枳极的态度解决问题，故选Co【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“While

12、many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school.（可以理解的是,许多孩子在这种无 人监督的环境下可能会躺平，而沃尔顿在高中时在学业和运动方面都很出色。）”可知沃尔顿在高中学习和 体育方面都很出色。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “In addition to Year Up, he is involved with a number o

13、f organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts. This desire to have a positive impact on peoples lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT. Giving back is very important to me,” Walton says. So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me, so I

14、 feel it would be an injustice not to do so.”（除了 Year Up,彳也 还参与了一些致力于帮助年轻人克服他们麻烦的过去的组织。这种对人们生活产生积极影响的愿望无缝地 延伸到他在麻省理工学院的工作中。“回馈对我来说非常重要，”沃尔顿说。“这么多人投入了时间和精 力来帮助我，所以我觉得不这样做是不公平的。可知沃尔顿参与了这么多组织是通过帮助年轻人来回 报社会。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段 “When ihe need for information technology service arises, it can be a

15、 stressful momentthe user is locked out of their computer, or a program isnt working properly. But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office-the Institute divisions that arc fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, iheyll acknowle

16、dge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with （he outcome. Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction, regardless of how many othe

17、r IT fires he has already put out that day.（当对信息技术服务的需求出现时，它可 能是一个紧张的时刻一一用户被锁在他们的计算机之外，或者一个程序不能正常工作。但如果你问麻省理 工学院化学系和物理系的任何人，或者新闻办公室一一学院的部门，他们很幸运地拥有格雷格沃尔顿作 为他们的IT服务提供商，他们会承认沃尔顿不仅是最好的，而且无论问题是什么，他都会坚持到底，直到 所有参与者都对结果感到满意。沃尔顿通常带着无尽的正能量来到现场，将技术上的烦恼转化为愉快的力 动，不管那天他已经解决了多少其他的1T问题。）”可知文章主要讲述沃尔顿，虽然小时候是在寄养家庭 长大

18、，但是一直非常努力和出色，后来成为麻省理工的临时工作人员，致力于帮助年轻人解决麻烦问题来 回馈社会。故选D。CEven people who tend to think conventionally, such as accountants, can be creative, a recent study suggests, if they can look at emotional situations in a different light. In a set of experiments, researchers found that conventional thinkers cam

19、e up with more creative ideas than peers after they practised t4emotional reappraisal”. This means viewing a situation through another emotional lens, such as trying to see an anger-inducing event as one that is neutral or hopeful.The study indicates that creativity is something that can be trained.

20、Whenever we break away from our existing perspective and try to think about something thats different from our initial reaction, there?s a creative element (o it. If we can practise or train that flexible-thinking muscle, it may help us be more creative over time,“said lead author Lily Zhu, an assis

21、tant professor at Washington State University.For the study, Zhu and her colleagues conducted two similar experiments. In the first experiment with 335 people recruited through a crowdsourcing platform, the participants were first ranked on their openness levels and then shown a film scene designed

22、to elicit (引起)anger. While viewing, they were given different instructions: to suppress their emotions, to think about something else to distract themselves or to try emotional reappraisal一 looking at the scene through another lens. Some were also given no instruction on how to regulate iheir feelin

23、gs.After viewing the film, the participants were asked to come up with an idea to use an empty space in their building. Those ideas were then evaluated by a panel of experts who did not know anything about the participants. Ideas such as using the space for “napping capsules” were considered highly

24、creative whereas ideas like opening a similar cafeteria as before were considered low in creativity.The next experiment had a different group of 177 participants write about an experience that made (hem angry. They were then tasked with either writing about it again from a different emotional perspe

25、ctive or writing about something else as a distraction.In both experiments, conventional thinking participants who tried emotional reappraisal came up with more creative ideas than other conventional thinkers who used suppression, distraction or no emotional regulation strategy at all. Notably, for

26、participants who were considered creative thinkers to begin with, emotional reappraisal did not seem to have much effect on their creativity.As to the implications of the study, Zhu suggested that supervisors in workplace should develop trainings to cultivate creative thinking skills in employees. I

27、ndividuals can also practise emotional reappraisal when confronted with a crisis or challenge instead of suppressing negative emotions.28. Which of the following is most probably an example of emotional reappraisal?A. Considering an occurrence objectively.B. Taking ones success as an opportunity.C.

28、Distracting oneself from an annoying event.D. Regarding disappointment as a turning point.29. From the study, we know that.A. creative thinkers creativity was enhanced after practising emotional reappraisalB. evaluating experts had adequate information about the research subjectsC. the research find

29、ings could be applied to the training of employeesD. the first experiment aimed （o select the most creative design 30. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Change Feelings to Boost CreativityB. Effective Strategies to Manage Emotions C. Think Over to Explore Creative Potential D A New Wa

30、y to Remove Negative Emotions【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一项研究表明尝试情绪重新评估的传统思维者能够提出更多的创意， 并且介绍了这项研究的过程。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “In a set of experiments, researchers found that conventional thinkers came up with more creative ideas than peers after they practised “emotional reappraisal” .This

31、means viewing a situation through another emotional lens, such as trying to see an anger-inducing event as one that is neutral or hopeful.（在一系歹ij 实验中，研究人员发现，传统思考者在练习了 “情绪重新评估”之后，比同龄人想出了更多的创造性想法。 这意味着从另一个情感角度看待一个情况，比如试图把一个引起愤怒的事件看作是中性的或充满希望的）” 可知情绪重新评估意味着从另一个情感角度看问题，所以D选项“把失望当作转折点。”符合情绪重新评 估，故选D。【29题

32、详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段As to the implications of the study, Zhu suggested that supervisors in workplace should develop trainings to cultivate creative thinking skills in employees. Individuals can also practise emotional reappraisal when confronted with a crisis or challenge instead of suppressing negative

33、emotions.（对于该研究的启 示，朱建议工作场所的主管应该开展培训，培养员工的创造性思维技能。当面临危机或挑战时，个人也可 以练习情绪重新评估，而不是压抑负面情绪。）”可推断，研究结果可以应用于员工的培训，故选C。【30题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一句 Even people who （end to think convenlionally, such as accountants, can be creative, a recent study suggests, if they can look at emotional situations in a different l

34、ight.（最近的一项研究 表明，即使是那些倾向于传统思维的人，比如会计师，如果他们能从不同的角度看待情绪状况，他们也可 以很有创造力）”可知本文主要讲述一项研究表明尝试情绪重新评估的传统思维者能够提出更多的创意，A 选项“改变情绪，激发创造力”符合本文主旨，故选A。DAs wc enter a period of profound economic uncertainty, presaged （预示）by recent high-profile layoffs and a culture of “quiet quilting”, thinking about the future of wo

35、rk might well seem a daunting （令人生畏的）prospect.Indeed, an ever-increasing digital skills gap threatens to stop businesses adopting the game-changing technologies that will help to power growth in the months and years ahead. For instance, with each exciting new technology comes a growing concern about

36、 whether we have a digitally savvy （精明的）workforce ready to take advantage of it. After all, keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital transformation process, which will prove essential if we hope to improve business productivity and efficiency alongsi

37、de our efforts to achieve sustained growth.Likewise, at the World Economic Forums annual meeting in Davos, the cybersecurity skills gap was named as one particular area of concern. Theres good reason fbr this fbcus: if businesses cant protect themselves against external threats, they risk going back

38、wards. And thats before they even start thinking about achieving growth. This is why wc need to address the digital skills gap urgently.Well, we should start by changing （he narrative to help us recruit and retain from a more diverse pool of talent, giving businesses a far better chance of finding t

39、he up-to-date digital skills they need. And, when it comes （o engaging and empowering the current workforce, learning and development opportunities will be key, helping employees to improve their skills for the benefit of both themselves and their employers.To make this all happen, leaders and emplo

40、yers must demonstrate a commitment to teaching their workforces digital skills by setting clear expectations and providing all the resources required. One approach, for example, would be to focus on the potential in the existing talent pool by identifying those already skilled in digital capabilitie

41、s and supporting them to upskill （heir colleagues. Creating a culture of learning, with an emphasis on personal growth, can be an impressive motivator in the workplace.Of course, its all well and good saying that digital skills are vital, but a workforce with purely hard skills will not future-proof

42、 a business. Theres a need fbr soft skills that support the broader goal, so as not to neglect the other competencies required in a digital transformation: communication, critical thinking, creative design skills, and leadership. To exploit the technology to its full potential, such qualities arc eq

43、ually important.Fundamentally, getting the interaction right between humans and technology will be paramount if businesses are to succeed. As a result, human skills must not be underestimated. Every business will need a range of people with a variely of skills not only those well-versed in math, eng

44、ineering, and science, but also those with creative minds and leadership qualities.31. The writers main concern in the digital transfbmiation process is.A. the threats from technologyB. the challenge of upskilling workforcesC the culture of quiet quittingD. the shortage of experienced workers32. It

45、can be learned from Paragraph 4 and 5 that.A. replacing current workforces with digital talents is the keyB. high requirements of recruitment ensure a sound workforceC. employers should develop a learning culture inside their workforcesD. business leaders should focus on the training of the existing

46、 talent pool33. What does the underlined word “paramount”in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Crucial.B. Beneficial.C. ChallengingD. Inspiring34. What might be the purpose of the passage?A. To advocate the necessity of improving digital skills.B. To warn humans of the potential problems with techn

47、ology.C. To stress the importance of combining hard skills with soft skills.D. To draw peoples attention to the cvcr-incrcasing digital skills gap.【答案】31.B32. C 33. A 34. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述企业在数字化转型过程中要关注劳动力技能的提高，也不能忽视数 字化转型所需的其他能力，强调硬技能和软技能结合的重要性。31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “For instance, with each exciti

48、ng new technology comes a growing concern about whether we have a digitally savvy （精明的）workforce ready to take advantage of it. After all, keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital （ransfbnnation process, which will prove essential if wc hope to impro

49、ve business productivity and efficiency alongside our efforts to achieve sustained growth.（例 如，随着每一项令人兴奋的新技术的出现，人们越来越担心我们是否有一支精通数字技术的员工队伍准备 好利用它。毕竟，让员工跟上最新进展是数字化转型过程的关键要素，如果我们希望在实现持续增长的同 时提高业务生产力和效率，这将证明至关重要）”可知，作者在数字化转型过程中主要关注的是劳动力技能 是否能跟上。故选B,【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段内容叙述可知，主要讲述企业应该创造一种学习的文化，强调个人成长， 让工作场所变得有动力。由此推知，雇主应该在员工内部培养一种学习文化。故选C。【33题