高中语文考点归纳.docx

《高中语文考点归纳.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中语文考点归纳.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高中语文考点整理归纳对于高考英语来说，把握考查测试点和相关技巧是非常重要的。接下来是 小编为大家整理的高中语文考点整理归纳，希望大家喜欢！高中语文考点整理归纳一高考英语语法考点一、定语从考点1 . which引导的代表整个主句内容的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制 性定语从句时可代表主句内容，前面有逗号与主句隔开。例句：The CCTV s 2010 Entertainment Party was successfullyheld on the evening of February 13th, 2010, which wasanother great encouragement to a

2、ll the Chinese.中央电视台2010年春节文娱晚会于2010 年2月13日晚成功举行，这对全体中国人民来说又是一晒大的鼓舞。2 .特定词汇+of whom , which引导的非限制性定语从句介词（包括复杂介 词），数词（包括数量代词）及其宣含局部与整体关系的特定词E+of whom（指 人）/which（指物）可以引导非限制性定语从句，此时前面不可加and, but等连 词，该结构也可改为of whom /which+特定词汇引导定语从句。例句： Our English teacher has three daughters, all of whom /ofwhom all ar

3、e considerate.我们的英语老师有三个女儿，个个都很善解人意3 .由when, where引导的先行词隐蔽度比较高的定语从句历年的高考考查实 践表明，增加定语从句难度的手段之一是增加先行词的隐蔽度，如用point, case, situation等抽象的地点名词做先行词，当其在定语从句中做地点状语 时用where引导定语从句的判断难度会增加，用occasion, period等表示抽象 时间的名词做先行词，当其在定语从句中做时间状语时用when引导定语从句的 判别难度也会增加。例句：I m sorry that I can t think out a situation where

4、thiskind of deion is used.对不起我想不出这种描绘被使用的场合。二、名词性从句考点1. what引导的名词性从句因为水位还在上涨，村民们无法回到村里。6. V- ing形式复杂形式V一 ing形式除有一般式外还有完成式having done,被动式being done, 完成被动式 having been done, 否定式 not doing, 完成否定式 not having done, 完成被动式的否定式 not havingbeen doneo例句：Havingsaid goodbye to each other, the children wenthome.彼

5、此说了再见之后，孩子们回家了。When 1 entered their office, I found the meeting beingheld.当我进入他们的办公室时，我发现这次会议正在被举行。Having been put on many times, the film became verypopular.被放映多次之后，这场电影变得非常走俏。Not having been elected a model teacher, the youngwoman felt very disappointed.没有被选为模范教师，这个年轻女子感到非常失望。九、过去分词考点猜想1 .过去分词做状语过

6、去分词做状语常表示被动的动作，也可因来自系表结构而表示主动的动 作。例句：Caught in a heavy rain, the girl was all wet.因为被浇了一场大雨，这女孩浑身湿透了。Dressed in a newly bought skirt, the young woman lookedmore charming.因为穿着一条新买的裙子，这个年轻女子看起来更妩媚了。2 .过去分词独立主格结构with+名词+过去分词可构成独立主格结构做状语，表示被动的动作。例句： With his homework finished, the boy went out to getrel

7、axed.因为家庭作业完成了，这个男孩出去放松了一下。高中语文考点整理归纳二高考英语必背语法知识点(1)表语从句1 .定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2 .构成：关联词+简单句3 .引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词thato如:The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢 了。(2)从属连词 whether, as, as if0如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十 年前一样。The question is whether they wi

8、ll be able to help us. 问题是他彳门 是否能帮我们。注：从属连词if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句， 如：All this was over twenty years ago, but it s as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, what

9、ever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, whyo如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找 到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 刃B就是 她今晨上了阁楼干的。解释：1 .连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得

10、太多。2 .在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词 用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议 是我们明天一早就出发。(2)主语从句1 .定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2 .构成：关联词+简单句3 .引导主语从句的关联词有三类：4 1)从属连词 thato 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很

11、明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。5 2)从属连词whethero如:Whether he 11 come here isn t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, whyo如：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不 清楚。Whoever comes is welc

12、ome.不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my homemy only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家一一我唯一的家。高中语文考点整理归纳三名词的单复数形式的误判【典例】一What do you think theshould do first? 一They shouldlearn to takeas well as share rights in life.A. grown-up ; responsibilityB. growns-up ; responsibilityC. grown-ups ; responsibilitiesD. growns-ups ; r

13、esponsibilities【错因分析】有些考生以为grown是复合名词的中心词，其复数形式应该在grown后面 加-S；另一方面认为responsibility是不可数名词，没有复数形式，从而错选 Bo其实，grown-up没有中心名词，其复数形式应该在up后面加-s;同时根据 语境可知，responsibility指义务，该单词作“义务，职责”讲时，是可数名 词，故正确答案选Co对不可数名词的应用判断失误【典例】一 I find it very difficult to readnovel you lent me lastweek.一 Yes. It s necessary to hav

14、egood knowledge of history.A. the;不填 B. a ;不填 C. the; aD. a ; a【错因分析】考生可能以为第一个空是特指对方上周所借给“我”的小说，故应填定冠 词；第二个空后面是抽象名词，为不可数名词，不填冠词，于是错选Ao然而， 此处knowledge之前须用不定冠词，have a good knowledge of意为“对很了解”，是固定搭配，故正确答案选Co定冠词与不定冠词判断失误【典例】一 When did you meet her last?一 I don t remember exactly, but I m sure it wasFri

15、daywhen I went to the shop to buyfootball.A. a ; aB.不填；aC. the;不填D.不填；不填【错因分析】有些考生可能认为这两个空后面的名词前都不用冠词，从而错选Do其 实，指一个特定的星期几时前面须用不定冠词；表示一个足球时，前面也须用不 定冠词，故正确答案选Ao冠词与零冠词应用判断失误【典例】一 What do you think is the difference betweenman andwoman?一 I don t think there, s any difference.A. the; theB. a ; aC.不填；不填 D

16、. a ; the【错因分析】有些考生可能认为，表示类别时，名词前面须用不定冠词或 定冠词，于是错选A或B。其实，man, woman, mankind的单数表示类别时用零 冠词。因此，正确答案选Coit用作形式主语及形式宾语时判断失误【典例】I would appreciateif you could come and help me with mywork.A. thatB. it C. this D. one【错因分析】很多考生认为this或that可以指代上文或下文所出现的内容，于是误选 A或C。其实，用于指代后面整个包壬的内容且作形式宾语时，只能用it,故 答案选Bo名词的格的误用【

17、典例】Look! This is.一 Very beautiful. When did she take it?A. my mother, s pictureB. my mother in the pictureC. a picture of my motherD. a picture of my mother s【错因分析】考生可能受汉语思维的影响，错选A或B;也可能受英语双重所有格的影 响，错选Do根据语境可知，正确答案选Co my mother?s picture意为“我 妈妈所拥有的照片”，暗含“照片上不一定是我妈妈；my mother in the picture意为“照片中我的妈妈

18、；a picture of my mother s意为我妈妈 所拥有的照片中的一张，同样，暗含“照片上不一定是我妈妈；a picture of my mother意为“我妈妈的照片（照片中的人是妈妈）”。易错点7： it, one, that, those, ones等的用法区别【典例】一Would you like to buy a car here?一Yes, but I d like to buymade in Shanghai.A. oneB. thatC. itD. this【错因分析】许多考生认为此处应该用it或that指代说话双方所说的车，于是误选B 或Co根据语境可知，上海制造

19、了许多小汽车，答话者只想买其中的一辆，故 正确答案选Ao指代上文提到的名词时，it指代上文提到的那个东西，即同类 同物；that指代抽象的事物或上文提到的同类事物的另一件东西，可替代可数 名词，也可替代不可数名词，表示特指；而one指代上文提及事物中的其中一 件，只能替代可数名词，表示泛指。the other(s) , other(s) , another, the rest 等 的用法区别【典例】I have done much of the work. Could you please finishin twodays?A. the restB. the otherC. anotherD.

20、 the others【错因分析】本题考生易误选D项。其实本题是对the rest用法的考查。选项B、C均 修饰可数名词，选项D相当于“the other+可数名词复数”结构，这三个选项 用在本题中都不合适。the rest指代名词时，既可以指代可数名词复数，也可 以指代不可数名词。在本题中，the rest指代不可数名词，相当于the rest of the work,故选A。当the rest作主语时，谓语动词单复数的使用要由the rest所指代的内容来决定。either, both, neither, all, none 等的用法易错点【典例】His father has bought

21、 many books home,but is easy enoughfor him to read.A. noneB. no oneC. every oneD. some one【错因分析】许多考生会根据but 一词推测后面表否定意义，但是又考虑到空格后面没 有介 词Of,于是误选Bo no one通常用来指人。根据语境可知，空格后面省 略了 of the books,因此正确答案选A。no one 与 none 的用法：(l)no one 相当于 nobody, 只能指人。(2)none常与of短语连用，既可以指人，又可以指物。(3)none通常用于how many/much. ”的否定回

22、答,而no one则常用于 “who. ”的否定回答。形容词和副词的比较等级易错点【典例】Of the two sisters, Betty isone, and she is also the onewho loves to be quiet.A. a youngerB. a youngestC. the youngerD. the youngest【错因分析】由题目中的two可知，横线处应为比较级结构，故选项B和D首先被排 除。根据题意可知，横线处应为特指概念，故选Co在英语中，两者之间的比 较应用比较级结构。句中有表示范围的of the two.时，该比较级前通常要 加上the,表示特指

23、的概念。what可引导名词性从句，表示“-的内容（人、时间、地点、价格、速 度、方式等）” o The Great Wall of China is what I most want to visit. 长城是我最想参观的地方。2. that引导的同位语从句that可引导同位语从句，说明被修饰名词的内容。彳列句： Word hascome that the sports meeting will be put of.有消息说运动会将被推迟。3. whatever, whoever引导的名词性从句 whatever 和 whoever 可引导名词 J1生从句，前者表示“无论什么，后者表示“不管谁

24、。彳列句： You can give the book to whoever you think needs it.你可以把这本书给任何你认为需要这本书的人。4. whether, if引导的名词性从句if只可引导宾语从句且不能和or not连用。whether可引导各种名词性从 句且可和or not连用。例句： When shall we discuss the question whether we will havea picnic next week?我们什么时候讨论下周是否搞一次野餐的问题？三、状语从句考点1. where引导的地点状语从句where可引导地点状语从句，表示“在的地方

25、。Our school lies where there is a small river.我们学校位于有一条小河的地方。2. before引导的时间状语从句before引导时间状语从句时可表示“在.之前，尚未来得及，趁。彳列句：Thenaughty boy had run away before I could call him tostop.我还没有来得及叫住他，这个调皮男孩就跑开了。3. unless, as/so long as引导的条件状语从句unless, as/so long as可弓I导条件状语从句，前者表示。除非，后者 表示“只要。例句：As/So long as you t

26、reat them truly, you can win overtheir respect.只要你真诚地对待他们，你会赢得他们的尊敬。4. . so that, in case引导的目的状语从句so that, in ease可引导目的状语从旬，前者表示“以便”，后者表示 “以免。例句： Please close all the doors and windows in ease it willrain.请关上所有门窗，以防天会下雨。5. while引导的让步状语从句while可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。例句： While this problem is very difficult,

27、 it is very important.尽管这道题很难，却很重要。四、情态动词考点L推测性情态动词用法may（可许，可能），might（可许，可能），must（ 一定，必定），can（或许， 可能）均有推测性用法,其中might可能性最小，must可能性最大。may, might, must常用于肯定句，may, might用于否定句可表示“可能不,can常 用于否定句和疑问句，用于否定句表示 不可能。例句： 一 一 Can the man standing there be OUY physics teacher?No. he can, t be our physics teacher.

28、站在那边的那个人可能是我们的物理老师吗？不，不可能。W ill she buy you a birthday present?她会给你买生日礼物吗一 一 She may not. but V m no so surf可能不会，但我不太有把握。2. should的用法should常表示“应该”，但可置于句首用于条件状语从句(省去if),表 示。万一，还可表示竟然例句：Should you see the thiel, try to catch him.如果你见到小偷, 尽量捉住他。I can t imagine such a beautiful girl should be SO lazy.我无

29、法想像这样一个漂亮的女孩竟如此懒惰。3. may, must, earl t, should (shouldn, t) , oughtto (oughtn, tto). needn, t的完成式用法mav have done表示“可能已经做了 某事,must have done表示“一定已经做了某事 ,can t have done表示 “不可能已经做了某事 ，should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某 事但实际未做，shouldn, t/oughtn, t to have done表示 本来不应该做某 事但实际已做 ，Heedn t have done表示“本来没有

30、必要做某事但实际已 做”。例句： Our Chinese teacher isn t in her off lee, so she may /might/must have gone home.我们的语文老师不在办公室，所以她可能/-定回家了。I saw his book ust now, so he can t have lost it.我刚才还见到了他的书，所以他不可能弄丢了这本书。You failed the exam again. SO you should/ought to haveprepared for it.你考试又失败了，所以你本来是应该为此做好准备的。Thereare ma

31、ny mistakes in your article, SO you shouldn t/oughtn, t have been SO careless.你的文章中有许多错误,所以你本来是不应该这么粗心的。The exam turn ed out to be SO easy, so you needn, t aveworried about it.这次考试结果证明这么容易，所以你本来是没有必要为此而担心的。五、倒装句型考点1 .完全倒装句型考点地点状语置于句首时需要使用完全倒装句型，将动词直接提前。彳列句： At the back of our school stands a high to

32、wer.我们学校后面矗立着一座高塔。SO（肯定句中表示“也”）,neither, I0F（否定旬中表示“也”），80. that. （引导结果状语从句）j only （不修饰主句），noonly. but also.（不连接主语， 连接两个分旬时第一个分旬倒装，第二个分句不倒装），not until, Never, hardly, little, hardly, when. , SO S001qe/，zthan, not a, nowhere, in no ease等词或通适置于句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。彳列句：Only then did we realize the harm of pol

33、lution.只有在那时我们才意识到污染的危害。Not until early the next morning did we know the truth ofthe matter.直到第二天一大早我们才知道了事情的真相。Not only does she work hard but also she is very honest.她不但工作很认真，而且人也很诚实。2 . as引导的特殊倒装句型as引导让步状语从句时可将表语、动词、副词提前，将as紧随其后。如 果表语为单数可数名词，提前时应去掉不定冠词。例句：Weak as she was, she still went on workin

34、g.尽管她身体虚弱，仍继续工作。Child as he is, he has rich knowledge.尽管他还是一个小孩，却有丰 富的知识。六、虚拟语气考点1. .与过去事实相反的if虚拟条件状语从句与过去事实相反时，从句动词用 had done, 主句动词用 would, could, should, might have done, 当从句动 词含有were, had, could, should时可将其提至句首将if省略。例句：Had I known it at that time, I would have told you.如果那时我知道这件事一定告诉了你。2. 混合虚拟条件从

35、句如果if虚拟条件状语主从句时态不一致，应根据各自所体现的时间关系加 以适当的调整，采用不同的动词形式。例句： If she had told me her telephone number yesterday, Icould phone her now.如果她昨天把她的电话号码告诉了我，我现在就可以给她打电话了。3. with, without, but for 引导的含蓄虚拟条件从句 with, without, but for可取代if引导含蓄虚拟条件从句。例句： With your help, I could have made more achievements.如果得到你的帮助，我

36、一定会取得更多成就。Without your support. I couldn t have accomplished mytask SO smoothly.没有你的支持我不可能如此顺利地完成任务。But for the information. I couldn, t have made such agood plan.要不是这个信息我不可能制定这么好的计划。4. wish引导的表示过去主观愿望的宾语从句wish引导宾语从句时如果表示过去的主观愿望，从句动词应用had done 或 could have done。例句：I wish I had /could have watched th

37、at basketball matchyesterdayafternoon.我希望我昨天下午看了那场篮球赛。5. insist, suggest引导的宾语从句insist, suggest接宾语从若表示建议应用虚拟语气，动词形式为 (should) do,但如果insist表示 坚持认为，固执己见,suggest表示。表 明、暗示，所在宾语从句应用陈述语气。例句： Thedoctor insisted that the patient was seriously ill and (should) be ODcrated On at once.医生坚持认为病人病得很严重，建议其 立即做手术。Th

38、e dark cloud in the sky suggests that it is going torain, SO I suggest that you (should) get in all the crops.天上的黑云表明天要下雨了，所以我建议你把所有的庄稼收上来。七、不定式考点1 .不定式做目的状语不定式可做目的状语，如果对其强调可将其提至句首，此时应注意人称一 致。为了及时赶到那里，她将自行车骑得很快。误: TO get there in time, her bike waS ridden fast.正: To get there in time, she rode her b

39、ike fast.2 .不定式做结果状语不定式可做结果状语，强调出乎意料的动作，此时前面可加only。例句：I went to see her to find her absent.我去看她结果发现她不在家。She hurried to the station to be told the train had left.她匆忙赶往火车站，结果被告知火车已经开走。3 .不定式的复杂形式不定式除有一般式外，还有否定式not to do,进行式to bedoing完成式 to have done被动式to be done完成被动式tohave beendone等复杂形 式。例句；All the em

40、ployees worked hard not to be fired.为了不被解雇，所有的员工努力工作。Mary is said to have come back from abroad.据说玛丽已经从国外回来。This book is reported to have been translated into manyforeign languages.据说这本书已经被译成多国文字。I m sure she is sure to be impatiently waiting for US.我相信她一定在不耐烦地等待我们。Nobody likes to be scolded in publ

41、ic.没有人喜欢在公共场合受到别人的责备。4 .不定式独立主格结构with+名词+不定式可构成独立主格结构做状语，表示未来的动作。例句：Witha lot of work to do, I can, t help you at present.因为有许多工作要做，我现在不能帮助你。八、V ing形式考点1. V一 ing形式做宾语excuse. fOr. , can t help, suggest, include, insist on, keep on, consider, finish, practice, put off, postpone, delay, miss, avoid, gi

42、ve up, imagine, feel like, enjoy, risk, mind, appreciate, stand, escape等词后面只能接V一 ing形式做宾语。remember得曾做某事）， forget（忘了曾做某事），mean（意谓着），try（尝试），regret （后悔），go on （继续做同一件事），stop（停止做某事），need（主语需要被）等词表示括号内 的含义时也应接v- ing形式做宾语。例句：The hare was lucky enough to have avoided being caught.这只野兔很幸运，错过了被捉住。She can ha

43、rdly stand being treated SO unfairly.她儿乎忍受不 了被如 此不公平地对待。 Sorry. I took your English-Chinese dictionary bymistake.By mistake? I think you meant tO do SO.对不起，我拿错了你的英汉字典。拿错了我认为你是有意这么做的。2. V一 ing形式做定语V- ing形式做定语可表示被修饰名词的的用途和性质，也可表示正在进行 的动作。例句： The great noise comes from the building being built now.这巨大的

44、噪音来自正在被建的楼房。3. V- ing形式做状语V- ing形式做状语常表示动作正在进行，此时应注意它的逻辑主语为主句 主语。例句：Holding a book in his hand, he came into the room.他手里拿着一本书走进了房间。读这本书时，这女孩热泪盈眶。误：Reading this book, tears came to the girl s eyes.误：Reading this book, the girlJ s eyes were full of tears.正：Reading this book, the girl burnt into tears.4. V- ing形式做宾语补足语V- ing形式做宾语补足语也表示动作正在进行。例句：Whenl came to the fiveide. I fOund girl struggling inthe water.来到河边时我看见一个女孩在水中挣扎。5. V一 ing形式独立主格结构with+名词+V- ing形式可构成独立主格结构做状语，表示正在进行的动 作。例句： With the water still rising, the villages couldn, t return totheir village.