雅思基础写作.pdf

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1、雅思基础写作雅思写作主讲教师颜亭祥jnhqys 111111一、IELTS 概述(一)A 类1.Task-1：Graph(150 words,20minutes)2.Task-2:Argument&Report(250 words,40minutes)(二)G 类1.Task-1：Letter(150 words,20minutes)2.Task-2:Argument&Report(250 words,40minutes)T:6 L6 R6 W5 S6T:6.5 L 6.5 R 6.5 W6 S6Goal:56.5 band二、英汉两种语言的差别（一）、英美人与中国人思维方式的不同。Linea

2、r way of thinking.Task-2 80%总 分 总（二）、英汉句子结构的特点。英语重形和，重结构，汉语重意和，重语义。英语中常用复合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。If,thenLinking words1.conj.1）and,but,whilst,so2）that,what,who,which,if,because,so that,as-as?more than,although2.adv.However,unfortunately?undeniablytherefore3.To summarise?to makethings worse,4.in conclusion?for

3、 thisreason,due to5.generally speaking6.pron:this,it,those7.同义词8.repetition9.adj:interesting to say,10 句子：What is more,what is most important（三）英语多变化variety,汉语多重复。1.vocabulary2.sentence structure（四）英语被动句多。汉语中主动句多。三、英语句子成分1.主语S（名词，代词，不定式，动名词，句子）Computers play anincreasingly（growingly）vital role in da

4、y-to-daylives.1)Nowadays,undergraduates aresupposed to learn how tobecome competent andcooperative in order toadapt themselves to thechanging society in thefuture.2)Staying in front ofcomputers for a long timeenables children to becomelonely,negative,passive.inactive,eccentric?sedentary?selfishindif

5、ferent(apathetic)andunsociable.3)These days,feeding(raising?rearing)pets is becomingincreasingly(growingly)popular(common9widespread?universal5pervasive,prevalent,epidemic,prevailing)inlarge cities.4)It is extremely(highly,fairly,)hard(difficult,tough)for college studentsto hunt for(seek?obtain,gain

6、,land)an ideal(satisfying?highly-paid,desirable,decent)job onjob markets.5)It is short-sighted toargue that spaceexploration is sheer awaste of time money andresources.6)It is self-evident thatparents ought to pay fortheir childrens tuition feesof higher education.7)It is advisable thattaking part t

7、ime jobs forchildren contributesgreatly tobroadening(widen?enlarge,expand)theirminds(horizon?visioneyesight).8)It is a highlycontroversial issuewhether or notinternational tourists(travelers)ought tofollow(observe?obey,conform to,comply with,adhere to,stick to)localcustoms and cultures,governments s

8、houldinvest(patronise9 finance,fund,allocate,pay for,spend,give,)more money ininternational aids orimproving(upgrading.enhancing)people?s livingstandard(qualities).9)W hat(Sl)+Vl+Ol+V+O.What lead to(induce giverise to,engender,trigger,result in,cause)watershortage hasaroused(intrigued?captivated?att

9、ract,drawn,)much attentionamong the general public.What affect(influence)physical andmental(psychological)health of children is amuch concernedproblem.What account for(leadto=give riseto=cause=induce=trigger=yield=engender)the rising(higher,declining)juvenile(teenager?youngster,adolescent9 kid,child

10、ren)delinquency ratehas aroused muchconcern.10)What(Ol)+SI+VI+v+o.What I would like toexplore(examine5 probeinto)in this essay ispossible reasons for watershortage(scarcity?heavypressure).and solutions toit.11)How+S1+V1+O1+V+O.1）How many people diefrom diseases related tosmoking per year is stillunk

11、nown.2）How the governments inall countries controlenvironmental pollution isa vital problem for them totackle urgently.2.谓 语 V（动词或动词短语）1）人称2）单、复数3）5 tense4)voice(active;passive)be+P.PThe elderly(Old people,the aged)ought to beencouraged todevelop(cultivate=foster)some hobbies such asfeeding pets,gro

12、wingflowers?playing chess andlearning paintings toenrich their late(rest)lives.Children should beeducated(taught?made)tolearn competition(tocompete,to becomecompetitive?to becompetitor?to becomecompetent)andcooperation(collaboration)so that they can adaptthemselves to theever-changing society.Develo

13、ping publictransport(BRT)isrewarded as one of themost effective ways totackle the problem oftraffic jams in largecities(metropolises)5)moodCan may might ought to,is likely toIfSl+Vl+ed(were)+Ol,S+would V+O.If computers were notinvented now,people inmodern times wouldnever(hardly)enjoy soconvenient a

14、nd pleasant(relaxing)lives.If there were no books inlibraries?readers wouldnever enjoy an academicatmosphere.3.宾 语 0（名词，代词,不定式，动名词，句子。跟不定式作宾语的常见动词：agreehope plan decideoffer prefer wishintend fail desirerefuse afford choosemanage expect aimpromise consentpretend neglectignore omit happendetermine de

15、mandthreaten resolvedecline proposeattempt undertakevolunteer o 跟动名词作宾语的常见动词：finish enjoy mindkeep stop dislikeconsider suggest missavoid regret admitacknowledge delaypractice denyimagine postponerisk advocate recallresist appreciatecannot help confessescape fancy deferresent evade=avoidcontemplatef

16、orgive permit detestrepent跟双宾语的常见动词：asksend show teach give bringbuy find get keep lend tellwrite wish offer deprive sbof sthS+V+that+S1+V1+Ol.Others propose(putforward)that studentswith ordinary(average)IQ(intelligence quotient)should be taught together.A recent survey(research,poll,investigation?c

17、ensus,questionnaire?study)conducted by Americanscientists hassuggested(shown?indicated,revealed)thatfemales are more suitableto engage in some kinds ofjobs in the army than malecounterparts.Some people contradictthat killing animals isconsidered to be oneinhumane and barbaricaction(practice).Medical

18、 experts point outthat cigarettes contain agreat many(numerous)poisonous(harmful=toxic=deadly=mortal)ingredients(components9substances?contents?matters,things).A recent survey(polLquestioimair%censginvestigations research,study)has revealed thatthere is a definitelink(relati(msh 仙association,connect

19、ion)between smoking andsome serious diseases suchas asthma and lungcancer.A recent survey(poll?questionnaire?census)hassuggested that theemployment rates ofgraduates this year areconsiderably on thedecline.S+V+what(Sl)+VI+O1.Sociologists(experts?specialists?professors)attempt to figure out whatallow

20、 children to beaddicted to(indulged in,obsessed with,abandonthemselves to)playing PCgames.S+V+what(Ol)+S1+VI.Children are too young todistinguish(differentiatetell)right(virtue,truth)from wrong(evil9false),so they tend to(areinclined to)imitate(emulate,simulate,followblindly,copy)what theyhave seen

21、and heard onmass media.4.表语(名词，形容词:某些形容词，如careless,absurd,brave,courageous?careful,careless?clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind thoughtfulinconsiderate?greedy,money-oriented acquisitivematerialistic generous,honest,modest,polite.rude,cruel.selfish,self-centered egocentricwicked,wrong等不定式

22、后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。代词，数词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语，句子)achieve learnThe purpose to(of)attendcolleges is to not onlyacquire knowledge butbroaden(enlarge?expand,widen)your minds(vision9eyesight,horizon).An evident reason is thatTV can present a vividworld in front ofaudiences.I am extremelyexceedingly amazedastonis

23、hed to hear that a19-year-old girl killed amiddle-aged man.An evident advantage ofraising pets is that somepeople candispel(eliminate)theloneliness.5.定 语A(形容词,代词，数词，名词，动名词，不定式，介词短语，分词，句 子)Al+S+A2+V+A3+O+A4(A2A1;A4A3;A1=A3:adj9n;A2=A4:phrase orsentence)Poisonous wastes(pollutants)emitted(released?dis

24、charged,given off,sent)fromfactories endangerphysical health of modernpeople.The leadinw(majoiprindpaL underlying)informationshownlindicatedqpresented,illustrated,indicated,displayed,exhibited,demonstrated,revealed,laid bare,provided,signified,denoted,designated,expounded,given)in thetable is the nu

25、mber ofBritish going abroad for avisit in recent years,a middle-aged friendlyman interviewed byjournalists from Pekingmy pen runs out of inkagainPeople who advocateagainst raising pets assertthat it can transmit(contract)some diseases.N to do 1.修饰The leading purpose(aim9motive,goal,function,action,r

26、ole)to attend(goto)university is not only toacquire knowledge,butbroaden ones mind.The tuition(fees)to receivehigher education should beafforded(paid)by boththe authorities andindividuals.Students from poor(poverty)families fail topay(afford)for tuition feeto receive high learning.2.主谓 is the first(

27、last)person to do3 动宾 I have somethingimportant to tell you.N+V+ing 主动N+V+ed 被动The pivotal role playedby computers is evident.The most thorny(troublesome5tough)problemfacing(confusing?perplexing?puzzlingsplaguing,baffling)(confronted withby)students is thatemployment rate isgradually on the decline.

28、S+who(SI)+VI+O1+v+oStudents who take parttime jobs regularly areequipped withinterpersonal skills.Students who shift(switch)their jobs at times are farmore likely to adapt toever-changing society.Students who have beeneducated in college(havereceived higher education)can broaden(widen9expand,)theirm

29、ind(eyesight,horizon,vision).S+who(Sl)+VI+O1+V+that S2+V2+02.Those who advocate spaceexploration contend thatthis is able to promote(accelerate=speed up)advances in some relateddisciplines.Those who are againsttesting(experimentation)on animals claim that thisconduct(act,behavior.practice)is inhuman

30、e(cruel9brutal,barbarous).S+that(Ol)+S1+V1+v+oAnother factor(that)wecannot neglect is thenegative effects oftelevision on childrenhealth.One aspect that schoolsshouldhighlight emphasise,focuson,concentrate on,stress)is the merits of students，assessment to theirteachers.S+that(Ol)+SI+VI+V+that S2+V2+

31、02(TS)One reason that we needto take into account is thatcultural diversity plays avital role in internationalcommunication.1.Time+when+SI+VI+O1When it comes to=talkingabout=speaking ofworking part-time?I recall(It reminds me of)thosewonderful days when Istayed on campus.2.place+where(=inwhich)+S1+V

32、1+O1In modern society wherecompetition is becomingincreasingly fierce,youngpeople are leading astressful life(findthemselves undertremendous pressure.)3.Reason+why+SI+VI+O1One reason why so manypeople flood(swarm5 flock,crowd,)into large cities ismore employmentopportunities andamusing(recreational)

33、facilities in them.There exist numerousrecreational facilities andemployment opportunitiesin large cities,and this isthe reason why countlesspeople flood(swarm9 flock,crowd)into them.S+V+O,which(Sl)+VI+O1.1.S+V+O,which isbeneficial toCriminals should belocked(thrown9 sent,sentenced?put)into prison,w

34、hich contributesconsiderably to ensuringsocial stability andsecurity(safety).2.S+V+O,which isdetrimental(harmful,hazardous)t o3.S+V+O,whichmeans(is equivalentt o)The government shouldinvest more money intointernational tourism,which is beneficial tomutual exchanges betweendifferent people.Nowadays,s

35、ome childrenspend too much time beingaddicted to(indulged in)playing PC games,whichis detrimental(hazardous)to theirphysical and mentalhealth.Old people are encouragedto cultivate some hobbiessuch as growing flowers9raising pets,and learningpainting,which isbeneficial to dispelling(eliminating)lonel

36、iness.The number of graduatesis rising at analarming(amasing)rate(sharply)?whichmeans fewer and feweremployment chances.6.状语Ad(副词，不定式,分词，介词短语，句子)Adi+Al+S+A2+V+A3+O+A4+Ad2To do L 目的In order to tackle theproblem of traffic jams(congestion?obstruction)in large cities,authoritiesconcerned should givepri

37、ority to developingpublic transport.In order to increase theemployment rate,weshould reduce the numberof graduatesappropriately.In order to get along withlocal residents(native)?international tourists aresupposed to follow localcustoms and cultures.2.原因I am surprised to hear that19-year-old girl kil

38、led amiddle-aged man.I never fail to be surprisedto hear that a graduatefrom a prestigious(reputed9famed,well-known)university find it hard tohunt for an ideal job.2.分词1)原因Staying in front ofcomputers for a longperiod,children tend tobecome inactive,passive,eccentric indifferent(apathetic,aloof.inco

39、nsiderate)?unsociable9lonely,greedy,acquisitive(cupidity)?lack of upward(aggression=ambition=aspiration)andself-centered(egocentric,selfish).Living away from home,one usuallyfeels lonely and homesick.Influenced(Affected)byattractive information onthe internet,some childrenhave difficulty in resistin

40、gthe temptation of them.2）结果S+V+O,thus+Vl+ing+O1.Smoking costs huge sumsof money,thus bring abouttremendous economicburdens to smokers9families.A great many factoriesemit toxic fumes,thusendangering the health oflocal people around.介词短语1原因 on account of=inview of=because of=dueto=owing to=thanks toD

41、ue to advances inmedical science at analarming rate,people canlive much longer now thanseveral decades ago.Lifespan is much longerthan that2.伴随 along withWith the limited budget,the3.方式 by,throughBy watching advertisingon TV,consumers(customers?buyer,clients,shoppers)can learn where topurchase the f

42、avoriteproducts(goods?commodities9merchandises?article,things).4.让步 in spite of=despiteIn spite of the drawbacksof using computers,theydo allow our lives to bemore convenient andefficient.5.比较 in comparisonwith,in contrast toIn contrast to thecomputer(that is)like acold flickering machine.class teac

43、hing can promoteemotional exchangesbetween teachers andstudents.6结论 in conclusion?in anutshell状语从句一、concession1.SI+VI+Ol;however,S+V+o.2.Although(Whilst,Even though)S1+V1+Ol,S+V+O.3.O1+as+SI+Vl(be),S+v+o.Reasonable as this viewsounds,it cannot holdwater.4.In spite of(Despite)+Ol+(that)+SI+VI,S+V+O.C

44、omputers bring aboutgreat conveniences tohumans lives;however,they create somenegative impacts.Greatly convenient ascomputers are tohumans lives,theycreate some negativeimpacts.In spite of(Despite)greatconveniences(that)computersbring about to humanslives,they create some negativeimpacts.Although ob

45、servingforeign customscan avoid some conflicts?maintainingnational identity is neverignored.Avoidable as someconflicts is by observingforeign customs.Beneficial as observingforeign customs is toavoiding some conflicts二、原因S VO,because SI VI Ol.Celebrities should receivehigh salaries,because theybring

46、 about(forth)muchpleasure to our lives,sacrifice a lot=makepainstaking endeavors=take great pains=suffera lot=work hard三、假设 if,provided that,onceIf SI+VI+Ol,(then)S+V+O.If we destroy old buildings,(then)we will underminetraditional value andcultural heritage.Provided that thegovernment adoptsstringe

47、nt measures,theproblem of environmentalpollution is bound to beunder control effectively.四、比较1.S+V+times as A(Ad)as SI.2.S+V+times more(less)than SI.3.Compared w i t h,is m o r e 7.补 语（形容词，名词，不定式：下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式askget prompt allow forbid prefer force pressinspire requireassist hate advise

48、recommend bear implore remindbeg inducereport compel invite commandintend show drive mean train cause instructdeserve leave tell directtempt entitle order warn enable need urge encourageobligecondemn teach entreat permit wish,分词，介词短语）The teachers shouldencourage kids to do somepaid work so as toenri

49、ch(add to,increase)their social background.College students should berequired to pay for thetuition fee of universityeducation,because of thelimited budget ofgovernments.Consumer,customer,shopper,buyer,client findsome advertisingmisleading and deceitful(deceptive)8.同位语(名词，句子，后跟同位语从句的常见词fact news que

50、stionproposal report altitude(latitude longitudeevidence proof suggestionrequest idea conclusionthought notion valuefiction fear)that(90%)Edison Chen,awell-known singer in HongKong,is disclosed somephoto scandal.Confucius?a famousphilosopher in ancientChina,instructed hisstudents to worship moralval