高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit17-18.pdf

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1、高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Uiitl7-18 高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit17-18重点句型1.What is to be done when something gets into your eyes?2.It is much too expensive.3.Its fast and clean and it does.4.1 was beginning to,think that the experiment wouldnot work.5.Tie the corner of the handkerchief to the points of thecross a

2、nd you will have a nice strong kite.6.It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.7.For women it sometimes seems twice as much.8.1 had traveled only two hours one day when the windsincreased so much that I had to put my tent up beforethe winds became too strong.重点词汇1.scholarship n.奖学金；学问2

3、.graduation n.毕业3.surround v.包围；围绕4.central a d j.中心的；中央的5.mild a d j.温和的6.settle v t.使 定 居;解 决;使 平 静7.harbour n,海港8.volcano n.火山9.surface n.表面10.ship v.用船运11.exportv.输出12.agricultural n,农业的；农艺的13.possession n.拥有；占有14.secretary n.秘书；文书15.conference n,会议；讨论会16.cattle n.牛;牲 畜17.inspire v.鼓舞；启 示;激 发18.

4、admire v.钦佩；羡慕19.generous a d j.慷慨的；大方的20.mean a d j.吝啬的；卑鄙的21.dishonest a d j,不诚实的22.champion n,冠军；得胜者23.stormy a d j.暴风雨的24.threaten v t,威胁25.bottom n,底部26.optimistic a d j.乐观的27.somehow adv.以某种方式；不知怎么地28.regret v,遗憾；悔恨29.value v,重视；评价30.bother v.烦扰；打扰重点短语1.increase to.增加到.2.become of sb.I sth.某 人

5、/某物发生.情况3.be about to do sth.马上要做某事4.struggle to ones knees 挣扎站起来5.around the com er即将来临；就在附近6.refer t o涉及到；谈到；查阅7.clear up（天气）放晴；整理8.die down（风、火、光）等渐弱，（声音）静下来e to terms w ith甘心忍受，妥协10.rise to fame 出名11.take possession of 占有，占领12.sign an agreement with 和.签定协议13.turn to doing 转为做.14.in relation to 与

6、.有关；关于15.as it i s以现在的样子16.lie in/to/on 位于.17.the majority of 大多数.18.at the top of ones voice 高声地19.drop o u t脱离；退出pare.with 和.比较短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，8 0分才能过关.你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧？1 .Oust）the corner即将来临；在拐角处；就在附近2.die变弱；平息；消失e terms w ith甘心忍受（不愉快的处境）；妥协，让步4.possession

7、 of 占有；占领5.make 组成，构成；编造；虚构6.turn 开始干；求助于；转向；翻到多少页7.go驾船航行；进行帆船运动8.go 宿营9.high quality 质量很高10.sign an w ith与.签订协议11.have a population 有多少人口12.relation to关 于;涉 及;与有关13.rise to 出名14.drop一 下 沉；沉落；掉落；退出；不参加15.be t h a n k f u l 因.感谢16.the top of ones voice 高声地17.be good health身体状况良好18.struggle ones knee

8、s/feet 挣扎着站起来19.struggle挣扎着渡过（难关）20.b l o w 吹走21.become 某人（某事物）发生 情况；怎么对立22.be k n o w n 因.而著名23.fa r到目前为止24.hang紧紧握住某物25.be m a r k e d 以.为特征交际用语1.She seems to me to be the kind of women who.2.The impression she makes on me is.3.1 think she is the kind of person who.4.It has often been said that li

9、fe is difficult as it is.5.It sometimes seems twice as difficult.6.New Zealand is an important agricultural country,withcattle farming on the North Isle.7.Some farmers have turned to keeping deer.单词聚焦【考点2】admire的用法 构词：admiration n,钦佩，赞美，羡慕admirer n.羡慕者，赞赏者，敬慕者 搭配：admire sb.for sth.赞赏/钦佩某人.express ad

10、miration for 对.表示钦佩in admiration o f赞美，赏识 with admiration 羡慕地 考例 2 NMET 1993 And Mrs.Clarke was greatlyat the club for the successful self-protectton.A.surprised B.admiredC.inspired D.supported 考查目标 本题考查admire的词义。答案与解析 B这句话说的是，由于Mrs.Clarke的自我保护行为，她得到了人们的尊重”。【考点7】affect的用法 构词：affection n.友爱，爱情affecti

11、ve adj.情感的.表达感情的affected a d j.受到影响的，受（疾病）侵袭的，假装的，做作的 搭配:be affected b y 受 影响；被 感动；患 考例 7 2005 成都模拟 He probably didnt know howmuch the car was going to American culture.A.affect B.afford C.effort D.effect 考查目标 本题考查affect的词义。答案与解析 A affect具有动词词性词义是“影响”，它的名词形式是effecyo【考点5】bear的用法 搭配：bear in mind牢记在心 辨

12、析：bear;suffer;endure;stand这组动词都有“忍受”的意思。bear和 suffer可以表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”,bear侧重于表示“忍受沉重或堆办的事。而 suffer侧重于表示 忍受或经受令人不愉快的、甚至于痛苦的事。例如：In the end,I could not bear it.最后,我受不了啦。When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette,it was more than I could bear.当老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一支香烟时，我就受不住了。endure强调“长时间的忍受痛苦而不屈服。

13、例如：What cant be cured must be endured.治不好的病就必须忍受。Travelers in space have to endure many discomforts intheir rockets.宇宙旅行家不得不在火箭中忍受许多不舒适的东西。stand表示 忍受令人生厌的事。例如：Considering his home situation,he had to tolerate hisw ife,考虑到家中的情形，他不得不忍让妻子。stand常 与 bear通用,如果用词确切,stand总包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”之意。例如：He can sta

14、nd more pain than anyone else I know.他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。He stood the test of w ar.他经受住了战争的考验。考例 5 NMET 1999 Harry Fields also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible tO force the government officials to realize whateverybody was having to.A.stand B.accept C.know D.share 考查目

15、标 本题考查bear的近义词stand的词义用法。答案与解析 A bear和 stand在很多场合可以换用，意思是“忍受，经得起”。3.inspire v t.鼓舞，激励，启示inspiring鼓舞人心的His advice insoired her to greater efforts.他的忠告激励她更加努力。The memory of her childhood inspired her first novel.儿时的回忆促使她写成第一本小说。词组 inspire sb.to sth,赋予某人灵感【考点4】promise的用法 构词：promising a d j.有希望的，有前途的 搭配

16、：break ones/a promise违背诺言，违约 make/give a promise 答应，许诺keep ones/a promise遵守诺言，守约I promise you.我敢肯定；说句老实话；我警告你。promise oneself决心，指望，期待promise w ell很有希望，前景很好【考例 42004 湖南 I drove Dad into Mijas,andto pick him up at 4 pm,then dropped off thecar at the garage.A.agreed B.plannedC.determined D.promised 考查目

17、标 本题考查promise的词义。答案与解析 D从上下文来看，这句话说的不是 同意或 决心 而是答应、许诺4.regret v i.遗憾，惋惜，悔 恨 n,遗憾，抱歉regretful a dj.后，悔的I regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事I regret doing sth.后悔做 了某事I regret spending so much money on a computer.我后悔花了这么多钱买这台电脑。How I regretted having wasted so much time playing.我多么后悔把许多时间都浪费在玩上。I regret to say I

18、can not come.我遗感地告诉你我不能来。【考点3 regret的用法 构词：regretful a d j.后悔的，抱歉的，惋惜的，遗憾的regretfully adv.懊悔地，抱歉地regretless a d j.无悔的，不后悔的，没有遗憾的 搭配：to ones regret令某人遗憾的是 regret(to tell you/say)that.遗憾.；很抱歉It is to be regretted that.使人遗憾的是.；真可惜regret doing s th 后悔干了某事 考例 3 2004 重庆 This scar will be lasting,but tothi

19、s day,I have never what I did.A.forgot B.recognizedC.considered D.regretted 考查目标 本题考查regret的词义。答案与解析 D regret的意思是后悔”。从本句的句意可以看出，主人公对过去的事始终不后悔。【考点1】ru n 的用法 构词：running n.奔跑，赛跑。转动.运转 runner n.赛跑者 搭配：run fo r竞选run sb off sbs feet使疲于奔命run across偶然遇到run after追逐，追踪run into碰撞；遇上.偶然遇到；陷于。碰上（困境、麻烦等）run o u t

20、用光，耗尽（不及物）run out o f用光/耗尽.【考例 1 2004 北京 All we did during practice wasA.jump B.play C.run D.shoot 考查目标 本题考查run的词义。答案与解析 C在本句中run作 was的表语。这是一个与上文承接的细节。2.settle v i,安放，安居，定 居 v t.解决My son has settled in Beijing.我儿子已定居在北京。After years 0travelling,they decided to settle downhere.旅行多年以后，他们决定定居下来。They set

21、tled the dispute among themselves.他们自己把这个争论解决了。词组 settle down安下心来settle into 习惯于settle up 结清【考点6 settle的用法 构词：settled a d j.固定的，不变的，永久的；（账单上）付讫.结讫settlementn.殖民，移民；定居点；和解，解决，决定；清算，清账；财产的赠与settler n.定居者 搭配：That settles it!（口）事情就这样定了!这就完了！settle down（使）平静下来；（活动一段时间后）舒舒服服地坐下，躺下；定居。成家s ettle（down）to s t

22、h 安下心来做某事settle to do s th 决定去做某事 考例 6 2004 辽宁 ,and laws had to be made toprotect the water rights of the and the use ofthe water resources accordingly.A.winners B.settlersC.fighters D.supporters 考查目标 本题考查settle派生词的用法。答案与解析 B settle的名词形式之一是settler,意思是“定居者”。1 .surroundvt.包围，环绕be surrounded by/with 被.

23、围住The village is surrounded on all sides by hill.这个村子四面环山。She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends.她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。拓展 surrounding a d j.附近的；四周的The students in our school come from the surroundingarea.我们学校的学生来自周边地区。surroundingsn.常用复数形式，意为 环境。The surroundings a child grows up in may have

24、 aneffect on his development.小孩生长的环境会影响他的发展。5.value n.价值；重要性You must realise the value of the dictionary.你必须意识到这本字典的重要性。be of(no)value 有(无)价值 拓展 value n.评价，重视，珍视，估价How do you value him as a teacher?照你的评价他是个怎样的老师？We valued the house at$30,000.我们估计这栋房子值3 万美元。I value your friendship very highly.我非常珍惜你的

25、友谊。牛刀小试1用所给单词的适当形式填空：(run,admire,regret,bear,promise,settle,affect)1.The noise was so great that most of the childrenc o u ld n t.2.-Jackie wont come to see you this afternoon.-But he.3.The company my cousin was closed lastyear,leaving a lot of debt.4.1 only that I have too little money to buy ahous

26、e for you.5.A group of tourists from Taiwan the viewwhen it began to rain.6.At last they in the west of America andstarted their hard life.7.It is the bad weather that _ the goats life inthis area.词语比较1.jommey,voyage,tour,travel,tripjourney n.旅行，旅程，指陆地的远程旅行。At first I was afraid the long journey was

27、 too much forher.I wish you a good journey.祝你一路平安。(2)tour n.常指观光、考察等的环游旅行。They fire on a wedding tour.他们正在新婚旅行。(3)trip n.“旅行”，指来往有定的短距离旅行。I enjoy our trip to the seaside.I cant afford a trip to Korea.(4)voyage n.旅行，指距离较长的漫长旅行，也可指空中旅行。He made a long voyage tO Africa.travel泛指旅行各地，表示 旅行的路途远，时问长”。He cam

28、e home after years Of foreign travel.多年在旧外旅行之后他回来ro2.alone,lonelyalone既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意为 独自的(地)，单独的(地)”，侧重于说明独自一个人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。alone用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：She is alone at home.她一个人在家。He is not alone in this idea.有这种想法的不只是他一个人。alone用作副词时，修饰动词，放于动词后面作状语。Han Mei was reading alone when the teache

29、r came intothe classroom.alone用作副词也可作定语，意为 只有，仅仅”，但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。He alone was in the street.This year alone,weve already planted ten thousandtrees.lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，又可作表语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”意思，该词带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴 的含义，其比较级形 式 为lonelier0lonely用作定语时，意为“孤单的，无伴侣的，荒凉的，偏僻的。At heart,Im a lonely m an.内心深处，

30、我很孤独。Thats a lonely island.那足个孤岛。lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的，寂寞的 意思。We never feel lonely in America.在美国我们从不觉得孤独。I was alone,but I didnt feel lonely.我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。3.almost,nearlyalmost一般指事实的陈述，而nearly则带有一定的感情色彩。The book cost me almost 30 yuan.(只陈述事实)The honk costme nearly 30 yuan.(指嫌贵的意思)(2)almost 后可跟 neve

31、r,no,none,nobody,nothing等具有否定意义的词，而nearly不能。Almost noone got to school on time yesterday.(3)在 more than,any,too 之前通常用 alm ost,而不用 nearly0Almost more than ten students failed in the exam.不及格的学生几乎不止十个。(4)nearly 之前可用 very,not,pretty 修饰，而 almast则不能。Its very nearly dark.Lets go home.灭怏黑了，咱们刚家吧！注意有 时almos

32、t与nearly町以互换，但如果要表达“差一点儿，还足 用almost确切。【短语归类】7.around the comei就在附近，即将来临，发生Victory is just around the comer;make one moreeffort.胜利即将来临，再努一把力。The bank is around the comer,you cant miss it.银行就在附近，你不会错过它的。拓展 cut corners偷工减料cut the corner 抄近路6.die dow n变弱，渐熄，逐渐消失The excitement died down as time went by.随

33、着时间的过去，激动心情渐渐平息下来。The noise has died down.喧闹声小下来了。The wind has died down obviously.风已明显减弱 了。拓展 die o u t死光，灭绝，消失The fire died o u t.火灭了。die away指（风,声音）逐渐消失The noises of the bovs died away.男孩子们的吵闹声消失了。die fo r为.而死；渴望；切望【考点I含make+介词/副词”的短语make fo r走向，有助于make into把.制成 be made from/of/in/by/out of 由.制成m

34、ake u p 弥补，拼凑成，组成，铺（床）。捏造.虚构make o u t填写，完成，设法应付，领悟，弄明白，发现真相make over转让，改造 例句 How did he make out while his wife was away?他妻子不在家时他足怎么生活的？We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest.我们在空着的房间里给客人铺好床。I couldnt remember a story to tell the children,so Imade one up as I went along,我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了，

35、只好现编现讲。We are making our attic into an extra bedroom.我们正在把阁楼装成一间额外的卧室。Constant arguing doesnt make for a happy marriage.经常争吵不利于维系美满的婚姻。【考例 1 】（2003 北京春招）The idea puzzled me so muchthat I stopped for a few seconds to try t o.A.make it out B.make it offC.make it up D.make it over 考查目标 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。答案

36、与解析 A make out领悟。弄明白。发现真相；make off连忙跑掉；make up弥补。打扮，组成；makeover转让，改造。本句意为：因为受到迷惑。所以应该试图发现真相。9.make u p 组成，构成，补充，编造The workers and peasants make up the majority of thepopulationn of our country.工人和农民占我国人口的大多数。We must make up his loss somehow.我们必须想办法弥补他的损失。The whole story is made up.这个事情完全是虚构出来的。The a

37、ctor made himself uD as an old peasant.这个演员把自己化装成一个老农民。8.takeup对.产生兴趣；从事；占用Her time is fully taken uD with writing.她的时间完全被写作占满了。This table takes uD too much room.这张桌子太占地方。拓展 bring u p 抚养，教育come u p 上来，抬头eat up 吃光 end up 结束 keep up 保持 make up组成，弥补 pick u p 拣起 put u p 张贴 stay u p 熬夜，挺住 set u p 建 立 tur

38、n u p 出现 wake u p 醒来【考点2】含 with构成的动词短语”be fed up with 厌倦 be filled with 充满 catch up with 赶上come up w ith找到，提出（答案、解决办法等）get on well w ith与.相处融洽 quarrel with 吵架 stay/keep/be in touch with 与.保持联系end up w ith 以.告终keep up w ith跟上，赶上come to terms w ith甘心忍受。使自己顺从于某事物talkw ith与某人交谈agree w ith 同意.意见（想法），符合，一

39、致disagree w ith不同意 struggle/fight with 和.战斗/斗争work w ith用.干，和.工作put up w ith忍受 例句 Filled with smoke,the room is not pleasant tostay in.房间里烟雾弥漫，在里面呆着不舒服。She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.她想出了增加销售量的新主意。Youll just have to come to terms with the fact that youare fired.你不得不接受的现实情况是你被解雇了。Th

40、e child was fed up with listening to tim same story.孩子厌烦听同一个故事。I cant keep up with all the changes in computer tech-nology.计算机技术的各种改进有些我已经跟不上了。【考例2】（2001京、蒙、皖春招）Would you slow down abit,please?I cant you.A.keep up with B.put up withC.make up to D.hold on to 考查目标 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。答案与解析 A keep up w ith跟

41、上;put up w ith 忍受;make up to 是错误搭配;hold on to 坚持。本句话意思是请你慢一点儿好吗?我跟不上”。【考点3】含“动词构成的o f短语”be afraid of 害怕be proud o f 以.自豪be full o f充满hear o f 听说make use o f利用 speak highly of 称赞think highly o f对.高度评价take care o f照顾，照料think o f认为，想起 take possession of 占有，占领be sure o f对.有把握 rob.of.抢劫.think of.a 认为.是.例

42、句 I didnt mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him.我没有提起那件事，因为我怕他心烦意乱。He felt very proud of having a friend with such nobleideas.他非常自豪的是有这样一位思想高尚的朋友。Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.要充分利用一切机会说英语。His work is highly thought of by the critics.他的作品深受评论家推崇。I did think of re

43、signing,but I decided not to.我原来确实打算辞职，但后来打消了这个念头。【考例 3 (NMET 1988)The passengers were robbedall their money.A.of B.offC.from D.away 考查目标 此题主要考查rob的 用 法。答案与解析 A ro b 构成短语rob sb.of sth”抢夺某人的东西。牛刀小试2在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词或副词：1.In Britain today women make 44%of theworkforce,and nearly half the mothers with c

44、hildrenare in paid work.2.They were standing so far away that 1 couldnt maketheir faces clearly.3.-What do you think Andrew?-There are some things that are not easy to put,and his coldness is one.4.In order to improve her skill,she make full useher chance to practise.5.-What do you think of Linna?-S

45、he is a good person that is easy to get.句型诠释1.It has often been said that life is difficult as it is人们经常说生活本身是很艰难的。It is said that是常见句型，意思是“据说；人们说”，类似的结构还有：It is thought that/It is reported that/It is believedthat/It is hoped that.此句型也可变成sb.is said to do sth.(2)as it is是固定结构，表示“根据现在情况看；就以现在这个样子”，常用于

46、句子开头或结尾。I thought things would get better,but as it is theywere getting worse.我当初以为情况会好起来的，但事实上：却是每况愈下。2.Talk about the reasons why we admire great women.淡一谈为什么我们崇拜伟大女性的原因。why we admire great women是同位语从句，用来解释 说 明reasons。充当同位语从句的连接词的不仅仅只 有that whether,when,where,how,why都可用来引导同位语从句。He cant answer the

47、question how he got the money.I have no idea when he will he back.The suggestion where we should build our new factoryshould be considered.We must face the fact that we had spent all the money.同位语从句前的名词在从句中不作任何成分。3.For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult.对女人而言，这种困难要大两倍。英语中倍数的表达经常用下列例句中的几种办法：

48、(1)倍 数+(形/副)比 较 级+than.This hall is five times bigger than ours.The car runs twice faster than the truck.(2)倍 数+as+(形/副)原 级+as.Asia is four times as large as Europe.The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.(3)倍数+the size(length/width/height.)+ofThis street is four times the length of that one.Th

49、e hill is twice the height of that hill.4.1 found myself spending a whole day in my tent.我发现自己在帐篷里度过一整天了。find oneself意思是发现自己(处于某种状态)；不知不觉地，后面跟动词的-ing形式短语、过去分词短语、介词短语作宾语补足语，常见的有这种用法的动 司有：see/watch/catch/notice/hear/listen to/feel 等。I found myself in hospital when I woke up.Then I found myself surroun

50、ded by a group of boys.When I came in,I found him&ring his homework.5.New Zealand is an important agricultural country,with cattle farming on the North Isled,while thehilly South Island has more sheep farms.新两兰是一个重要的农业国家，北部养牛，而南部山区养羊居多。with+名 词+现 在 分 词/过 去 分 词/介 词 短 语/副 词/动 词 不 定 式/形 容 测 构 成w ith的复合