中考英语 介词复习课件 人教新目标版.pdf

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1、中考复习介词【介词命题趋势】1、表示时间的介词2、表示方位和运动方向的介词3、常用介词用法辨析4、介词与其它词类的搭配1）形容词与介词的搭配2）动词与介词的搭配3）名词与介词的搭配含义：介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句 之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子 成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于 名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。词的功能F 介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介 词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother.在那儿的那个男孩是约翰的弟弟。（定语）The girl will be back

2、 in two hours.这位姑娘过两个小时回来。（状语）Our English teacher is from Australia.我们的英语老师来自澳大利亚。（表语）Help yourself to some fish.请吃些鱼。（宾语补足语）/五常用介词的用法辨析(1)表时间的介词1)at,in on表示舟间点用at。例如：at six oclock,at noon,at midnighto表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century,in 2002,in may,in winter,in the m

3、orning,in the afternoon 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时,用on。例如：on Monday,on July 1st,on Sunday mor)since,after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点 开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到 说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而 after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般 过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.自从去年夏天，我再也没有收到他的信。After five days the boy came b

4、ack.五天后，这男孩返回来。3)in,afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间 点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟 表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months.他在两个月后回来。He will arrive after four oclock四点钟后，他至ij达。He returned after a month.一个月后，他回来了。，恩(2)表示地点的介词，at,in,onat一酸指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往最水“在某个

5、物锌的装面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨他天到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark.他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。There is a big hole in the wall,墙上有一个大洞。The teacher put up a picture on the walL老师把一幅画挂在墙上。L over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在.上面”，但具体含义不同。Qver表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反 义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定

6、在正上方，其反义词是below。0n指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river,河上有一架桥。We flew above the clouds,我彳门飞越云层。They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。across,throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同 Across的含义与on有关，表示动作 在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：什 The dog ran across

7、the grass.狗跑过草地。The boy swam across the river,月B男孩游过河。They walked through the forest,他们穿过森林。4)in front of,in the front ofin front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例 如：There are some tall trees in front of thebuilding.在大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in the front of theclassroo

8、m.老师坐在教室前面、介词的固宗搭配”介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系O 记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介 I司O(1)介词与动词的搭配listen to,laugh at,get to,look for wait for,hear from,turn on,turn off,worry about,think of,look after,spend.on.,等。(2)介词与名词的搭配on time,in time,by bus,on foot,with pleasure,on ones way to,in trouble,at breakfast,at the end of,in t

9、he end等。(3)介词与形容词的搭配be late for,be afraid of,be good at,be interested in,be angry with,be full of,be sorry for等。介词的中考考点 一、考查简单介词的用法【考例】-When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?一 July 1st,1997.福州市A.On B In C At D ForA本题的四个选项都可以放在表示时间的单词（组）前面，in,on,at往往在时间点的前面，for往往 引导一个时间段。1997年7月1日是一个具体的时 间，在具体到

10、某一天，用介词on。Id like a cup of coffee some sugarand milk.广东省A.in B.to C.of D.withDA选项介词in,表示“在里面”；B选项介 词to表方向，意为“到，向”；C项of表“所属关系”，意为“的”；D项介 词with作“带有；用力口”等讲。由句意“我想 要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡。”可知，选项D正确。-Oh,so many people in the amusement park!Nobody likes to stay at home _ Sunday morning.太原市A.in B.on C.atB此题考查介词的用法。三个选

11、择都可以用 来表示时间，at多用于具体时间点前，在上、下午及晚上常用介词in,但具体到某一天的 上、下午要用介词on。二、考查介词之间的辨析【考例】The moon light is coming inthe window and the room seems quiet and beautiful.成都市A,across B.through C.overB across表示横过，从一边到另一边，through从 内部穿过，over表示从物体表面通过。“月光透 过窗子射进来”故不能选A。Be careful when you come_ the street,because the traff

12、ic is very busy at the moment,（年山东济宁）A.across B.behind C.between D.over【剖析】答案为A。本题考察方位介词的用法。“过马路”一般为表面横穿，因此要用across。-Look,a blind man is in the middle of the street,Its too dangerous.-Lets go and help him_the road,甘可南省A.through B.along C.across D.overC横穿马路要用across表示“从一边到另一边”而木用through,through由于穿过森林等

13、。、三、考查成语介词与介词固定搭配Boys and girls,wish you to do well in the English exam _ a light heart.Good luck to every-one!哈尔滨市A.on B.with C.withoutB考查介词用法。with a light heart以一种轻 松的心态（with表伴随）。with是中考的重要 考点，有如下几种用法：有，带着表 方式或工具，write with a pen用钢笔书写 表伴随a house with a big garden带有大花 园的房子。Mary bought a house a sma

14、llgarden.She will move in next week.昆明 市A.from B.with C.for D.ofB本题由句意人手破解，玛丽买了一处“带 有”花园的房子，这儿可用介词with,意为“具有；带有，所以B项正确。匕【考例】You must always be careful electricity.Ifs dangerous.沈阳市A.to B at C for D.with D.be careful with(of/about).对注意(警惕)，句意为“你必须时 刻注意用电，那很危险。”T hear you have got a ticket theOpening

15、Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.一Yes.I got it my uncle.黄冈市A.of；from B to.by C to；from D.for；toC考查介词的用法。本题易错选项为A的答 案/钥匙/票，都要用to,而不能用of。故不能 选A。It was a great day but We did not enjoy it the beginning.苏州A.on B.for C.with D.at 答案：D解析：此处考查固定短语“在一 开始时”，用介词at,故选D。It is important us students to make aplan

16、our studies before a new termstarts.连云港）A.for；for B.of：for C.to；of D.with：on答案：A解析：此题考查介词for的用法，M空It is important for sb.to do sth.；第 二空for our studies为我们的学习，表目的。IVs necessary for us to take one hours exercise every day.I agree you.吉林省A.at B.to C.on D.with D agree with sb同意某人的观点。注意 agree with与agree

17、to的区另限 agree with+sb同意某人的观点”；agree to+动词原 形“同意干某事”。一How are you going to the Summer Palace?一Were going there_bike.北京市A for B at C of D.byD考查短语by bike”骑自行车”。要注意区 分：take a bike to+某地一go to+某地+by bikeo This woman has devoted all herlife_caring for the poor.A.modest；with B.kind;to C.selfish；for D.unfair

18、；at 答案：B解析：第一空意为“这位善良的妇 女”，故选kind,第二空,devote.to,.指 献身于，to后跟动名词或名词，故本题 选B。悟法过关】TtChina lies_the east of Asia and_thenorth of Australia,A.to;to B.in;to C to;in D.in;on2.His son suddenly returned_a cold rainynight.A,on B.at C.in D.for3.Timmy goes to school every day.Its5 minutes walk from his home to s

19、chool.A.in a bus B.by plane C.on foot D.by boat4.Last month,students had to have their lessons byInternet_because of SARS.A,on the playground B.at home C,in thestreet D.near the hospital5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures_a camera,LA.as B.for-C.like D.of 匕 1.B表示在一个大的范围内用“irT,

20、范围之 外用“to”。2.A具体到某一天的时间用“on”。3.C 5 minutes walk决定去学校的方式是on footo4.B 语境中“by Internet和because of SARS”决定了“have their lessons at home o5.C like在这里意思是像o6rSome shops open_10:00 a.m.and 3:30m,during the Spring Festival holidays.A.at B.between C.from D.about7.-How are you going to the train station to meet

21、 your aunt?一 Im going there_my car.A.by B.in C.to D.on8.Luckily,the bullet narrowly missed the captain_an inch.A.by B.at C.to D.from9.The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time.A.from B.in C.of D.at10.They had a pleasant chat_a cup of.vcoffee.（北京）A.for B.with C.during D.over

22、 6.B between后接两个并列的成分，意思是在两者之间二7.B in my car=by car。8.Ao与数量连用可表示尺寸、距离等。依句意：幸运 的是，子弹在距离上尉一英寸的地方与他擦肩而过，没有 射中他。故应选A。9.Co what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从 句中的基本结构为“there is little of”,表示.有很少”what修饰httle提到了从句句首。正确答案为C。10.D.用作介词表示时间时，可作“在(做).时(while doing,eating,etc)”。故正确答案为。其句意为:他们在喝咖啡时进行了一次愉快的谈话。文章来源莲山课件w w

23、匕强化练习I.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词（3分钟，5分）1.Nothing is difficult if you put your h into it.2.He d to learn English,because he cant memorize thenew words.3.Do you know the boy c Tony?Yes.He is from America.4.Many people love songs because of good（歌词）.5.He（更喜欢）TV shows that are interesting.答案：1.heart 2.dislikes

24、 3.called5.prefers4.lyricsII.单项选择（3分钟，5分）1.The music is great because you can dance it.B.onC.forD.in2.1 prefer pieces of music thatgreat lyrics.aveB.has一定要区分谁是先 行词哦！pieces 还是music?C.there isD.there are3.What kind of music do you like best?一I like the music is quiet and gentle.A.who that C.whose D.wh

25、ere4.What do you your hometown?一I love it very much.A.look at B.worry aboutC.talk aboutthink of匕5.Many students enjoy the book Harry Potter_by J.KRowling.A.wrote B.was writtenrittenD.was writingin.完成句子（3分钟，io分）1.不到长城非好汉。He does not the Great Wall is not a real man.2.他就是那个同学们都愿意和他交朋友的男孩。He is the boy

26、 the students would like tomake friends.答案：1.who;reach2.with whom，3.很多人喜欢看电视，而不愿看电影。Many people watch TV see afilm.4.这本书对于我来说很重要。The book me.5.我喜欢有共同爱好的朋友。I like friends the same hobbies as me.答案：3.prefer to;rather than 4.is important to5.who haveIV.用who或that将下列句子合成复合句。（3分钟，10分）1.The girl is my cous

27、in.She is 5 years old.一The girl is 5 years old is my cousin.2.The man lives in a big room.He visits the teacher every day.一The man lives in a big room visits the teacher everyday.答案：1.who 2.who，3.The train was late.It was going to Beijing.The trainwas going to Beijing was late.4.He can answer these

28、questions.They are difficult to others.He can answer these question sare difficult to others.5.This is the place.I want to visit the place.一This is the place I want to visit.答案：3.that 4.that 5.thatV.补全对话,每空一词（3分钟，10分）A:Whats your 1 singer?B:I like a singer 2 can sing and dance.How 3 you?A:I prefer a

29、 singer who 4 his own music.B:Which do you like 5,music or sports?A:I 6 sports to music.B:What kind of 7 do you like 8?,A:I like basketball best 9 all.B;10 is your favorite basketball star?A:Yao Ming.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案：1.favorite 2.who/that 3.about 4.writes5.better 6.prefer 7.sports 8.best 9.of

30、10.WhoVL阅读理解（5分钟，10分）The young violinist Vanessa-Mae is the first musician to use techno（电子技术 流行音乐b dance and rock music in traditional classical music.Vanessa-Mae loves pop music,and she is also a very good classical violinist,and she brought the two kinds qmusic together.羯Vanessa-Mae was born in S

31、ingapore on October 2,1978.She moved to London with her family when she was four.A year later,she started to learn the violin.When she was eight,she went to Beijing to study the violin.When she was ten,she played with a very famous group of classical musicians.But Vanessa-Mae doesnt only play the vi

32、olin.She learnt the piano before she started to play the violin.She likes lots of different kinds of music,from Beethoven（贝多芬）to the Beatles（甲壳虫乐 队），and she wants to play the music she likes.She has played in classicalconcerts all over the world,and she has also played in pop concerts with pop stars

33、.A lot of people dont like the way she uses modern rhythms（韵律），noisy drums and guitars in traditional music.But Vanessa-Mae has done one important thing:she has brought many new fans to classical music.For the first time,many young people began to listen to classical music.1.How many instruments are

34、 mentioned in the passage?Four.B.Two.C.Three.D.Five.2.When did Vanessa-Mae start to learn the violin?A.In 1982.C.In 1984.籍dn 1983.D.In 1979.3.What was the first instrument Vanessa-Mae learnt to play?A.The violin.piano.C.The drums.D.The guitar.4.Who began to listen to classical music because of Vanessa-Mae?A.Old people.Young people.B.Middle-aged people.D.Young women.匕5.Who has Vanessa-Mae played with?A.Beethoven.B.Many young people.Pop stars and classical musicians.D.The Beatles.