初中英语中考知识点详细归纳重要.pdf

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1、初中英语中考知识点详细归纳Unit 1-Unit 2重点句型1.My name s Jenny.I m Gina.Nic e to meet you.2.What s your/his/her name?My/H is/H er name is .3.What s your/his/her family/first name?4.What s your telephone number?It s 218-9176.5.What s his/her telephone number?6.What s this/that in English?It,s a ruler.7.Is this/that

2、 your penc il?Yes,it is./No,it isn t.8.H ow do you spel1 penc il?/Spell penc il./Can you spell penc il?9.Is that your c omputer game in the lost and found c ase?10.Call Alan at 4 95-3539.重点语法b e在一般现在时中的基本用法：I用am,you用are,i s跟着他她它。H e,she,it用is,we,you they都用are。单数名词用i s,复数名词都用 are。be的几种形式：is,am,are be

3、ing was,were been主谓一致：主谓一致的15种常考情况：1.表示时间，重量，数目，价格，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，尽管他们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或短语看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Two months is quite a long time.Twenty dollars is enough.2.动词不定式，动名词，从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To see is to believe.It is not easy to master a foreignlanguage.3.由and连接两个成分作主语时，要根据其表示的意义来决定谓语动词的

4、形式。如果其表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数，如果其表示的是两个不同的对象时，谓语动词用复数。The writer and the teac her are c oming.The poet and teac her is one of my friends.4 .集合名词people,polic e一般看作复数意义，其谓语动词用复数。另外一些集合名词family,enemy,c lass,army等作主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当他们表示的是整体意义时，谓语用单数；当他们强调个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。In England,p

5、eople eat fish and c hips.The Chinese people（民族）is a great people.5.名词性物主代词 mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs 等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该代词所表示的意义是单数还是复数。H is parents are young,but mine are old.6.以 s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，如 news,physic s,politic s,maths 等。No news is good news.P hysic s is the most diffi

6、c ult subjec tfor him.7.由 or,eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等词连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数和最接近的主语一致。Neither you nor L i H ua has been to Shanghai before.8.以 there,here开头的句子，若主语不止一个，其谓语动词的形式和邻近的那个主语一致。There is a table and four c hairs in the room.H ere are some books and paper for you.9.trousers,c lothes,

7、glasses,c ompasses,c hopstic ks 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果前面有a pair of短语时，谓语动词用单数。Jim s trousers are brown.The pair of glasses is Mr.Greens.10.由a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”或 分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据名词的单复数而定。A lot of people have been to L ondon.Three-fifths of the water is dirty.11.“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用

8、复数；“the numberOf+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A great number of birds fly to the south in winter.The number of 1 ions does not c hange muc h if people leave thingsas they are.12.代词 something,anything,nothing,everyone,anybody,nobody,eac h,neither,either,little,muc h,one 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Neither of us is a boyoEa

9、c h of them has an English dic tionary。One of the students was late for sc hoolo13.All,some none,most,any等代词作主语时，若其指复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式；若其指单数形式，则谓语动词用单数形式。Not al 1 work is diffic ult.Not al 1 the students are here。14 .有些形容词前面加上定冠词the,如the poor,the old,the yong,the ric h,the dying等用来表示一类人时，主语为复数意义，谓语动词用复数

10、。The old are good taken c are ofo15.Many a意为“许多”，但因后面跟的是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。Many a student has passed the exam。练习：1.The news for my brother。A.are B.were C.be D.is2.A boy with two dogs when the earthquake roc ked the c ityoA.were sleeping B.is asleepC.was sleeping D.are asleep3.Everyone exc ept Tom and J

11、ohn there when the meetingbeganoA.are B.is C.was D.were4.Neither he nor I from Canada0 We are from Australia。A.is B.are C.am D.be5.Jim works hard on his Chinese and。A.so L uc y does B.so is L uc yC.so does L uc y D.so L uc y is6.Jenny and her parents going to visit the P alac e Museumtomorrowo.A.is

12、B.am C.are D.be7.H enry,with his friends,volleyball every afternoon。A.play B.plays C.has played D.have played8.Fish and c hips the most take away food in England0A.areB.isC.wereD.was9.M y f a m i l y _ e a r l y i nt h e m o r n i n goA.g e tB.g e t sC.h a s g o tD.h a v e g o t1 0.M a t h s _ _ _ _

13、 m yf a v o r i t es u b j e c t oA.b eB.i sC.a mD.a r e1 1.H o w t i m e f l i e s!T h r e e y e a r s r e a l l y a s h o r t t i m e.A.i s B.a r e C.w a s D.w e r e1 2.l i u X i a n g a n d Y a o M i n g a r e w o r l d-f a m o u s s p o r t s s t a r s.O ft h e m a r e t h e p r i d e o f C h i

14、n a.A.B o t h B.N e i t h e r C.A l l D.N o n e1 3.-A r e t h e t w i n s o n t h e f o o t b a l l t e a m?-N o,n e i t h e r o f t h e m o n t h e t e a m.A.i s B.a r e C.w e r e D.b e1 4.N o t o n l y h i s p a r e n t s b u t a l s o h i s g r a n d f a t h e r t o a l o to f p l a c e s o f i n

15、 t e r e s t i n o u r c o u n t r y s i n c e h e y c a m e h e r e.A.h a s g o n e B.h a s b e e n C.h a v e g o n e D.h a v e b e e n1 5.T h e r e a r e e n o u g h i n t h e f r i d g e.W e d o n t n e e d t o b u y a n y.A.m i l k B.t o m a t o e s C.t o m a t o s D.a p p l e1 6.A r e p o r t s

16、 a y s h u n d r e d s a n d t h o u s a n d s o f t r e e s i nt h e A m a z o n r a i n f o r e s t l a s t y e a r.A.w a s c u t d o w n B.h a v e b e e n c u t d o w nC.w e r e c u t d o w nD.h a d b e e n c u t d o w nUnits3-4复习要点1、介绍家庭成员This/That is my sister/brother/motherThese/Those are my p

17、arents/grandparents,*Is this/that your sister/brother*-?Yes,it is./No,it isnt.Are these/those your parents/grandparents*?Yes,they are./No,they aren t.There are 3/4/5,people in my family.They are my father,mymother,and I.2、关于方位介词或短语表方位的介词或短语有：in,on,under,behind,near,next to,infront of,ac ross from,My

18、 book is on my desk,my pen is in my bookWhere is the bac kpac k/penc!1,?It s in/on/under.Where are the books/pens/balls？They are in/on/under.3、把带去给某人 take,to e.g:P lease take these things toyour sister.把，带来给某人 b r i n g t o e.g:C a n y o u b r i n g m y h o m e w o r k t os c h o o l?二、代 词（有两种：人称代词和

19、物主代词。）1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：T h i s i s m y b a g.=T h i s i s m i n e.T h a t i s h e r r u l e r.=T h a ti s h e r s.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表：人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾

20、格主格宾格形 容词性名 词性形 容词性名 词性第一人称ImeweU Smymineourours第二人称youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人称hehimtheythemhishissheherherherstheirtheirsit：itsits练一练：1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）s h e （形容词性物主代词）w e（名词性物主代词）h e （复数）u s（单数）t h e i r s （主格）i t s （宾格）_ _ _ _2、想一想，把下表补充完整。IitwemeyouthemmyHisyourminehers3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1)Th

21、 a t i s n o t k i t e.Th a t k i t e i s v e r y s m a l l,b u ti s v e r y b i g.(I)2)Th e d r e s s i s .Gi v e i t to.(s h e )3)Is t h i s w a t c h?(y o u )No,i t s n o t(I)4)i s m y brother.name i s Ja c k.Lo o k!Th o s es t a m p s are.(h e )5)d r e s s e s a r e r e d.(w e )Wh a t c o l o r

22、a r e?(y o u )6)Sh o w y o u r k i t e,OK?(t h e y )7)I have a beautiful c at.name is Mimi.These c akes are.(it)8)Are these tic kets?No,are not.aren，t here.(they)9)Shall have a look at that c lassroom?That isc lassroom.(we)10)is my aunt.Do you know job?a nurse.(she)11)Where are?I c an t find.L et s

23、c allparents.(they)12)Don t touc h.not a c at,a tiger!(it)13)sister is ill.P lease go and get.(she)14)The girl behind is our friend.(she)三、其他代词(有反身代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，相互代词和关系代词)1、反身代词：表示某人自己的代词A数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves反身代词在句中可作宾语、同位语、表语等，在使用时应注意它和它

24、所指代的名词和代词在人称、性、数上的一致性。L ittle Jimmy c an dress himself now。小吉米现在能自己穿衣服了。（作宾语）The boy in the pic ture is myself,not anyone elseo照片上的男孩不是别人，正是我自己。（作表语）I myself made the mistake about your addresso我自己把你的地址搞错了。（作同位语）四、指示代词指示代词是用来指示或标示人或事物的代词，表 示“这 个（些）”“那个（些”，他们主要有：单 数数复近指this这个些these 这远指that那个些those 那1

25、.this,these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物；that,those可指时间或空间较远的人和物。This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.这件礼物是你的,那件是你弟弟的.（this近指,that远指）I like these games but Idon t like those.我喜欢这些游戏,但不喜欢那些.（these近指，those远指）2.that,those常常用来代替前面已提到过的名词，以避免重复。those代指复数形式，that代指单数形式。The c omputer works faster than tho

26、se we bought last year。这些计算机比我们去年买的工作速度快。The life in the c ountry is more peac eful than that in the c ity0乡村生活比城市的生活要安静。对于上文中所提到的事物，英语中常用that或those表示，而汉语却常用“这”表示。如：I had a bad c oldo That s why I didn t attend the lec ture。我感冒了，这就是我为什么没去听讲座的原因。Those are the DVDs you want0这就是你要的DVD碟片。Units 5-6重点句型:D

27、o you have a basketball?Yes,I do./No,I don t.L et s watc h TV.No,that sounds boring.That sounds great.Do you like hamburgers?Yes,I do./No,I don t.I like Frenc h fries.I don t like tomatoes.重点语法:名词一.名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指个人，地方，机构等专有名称.如：China,Shanghai,L i lei。普通名词又分为个体名词:某类人或东西中的个体.如fighter,gun,c

28、ountry,集体名词：若干个体组成的集合体.如 family,team,polic e,c lass物质名词：无法分为个体的实物。如c otton,tea,air,抽 象 名 词：动 作，状 态，品 质，感 情 等 抽 象 概 念.如：health,happiness.个体名词和集体名词又叫做可数名词.物质名词和抽象名词又叫做不可数名词.二.名词的数。可数名词都有单数和复数之分。I ：规则的可数名词变复数的规则如下：1.一般情况力口 s:books,mouths,houses,girls2.以 s,sh,c h,x 结尾的 es:c lasses,boxes,matc hes3.辅 音 字

29、母+y结 尾 的 变y为i,再 加es:c ities,c ountries,parties,fac tories4.以 o 结尾的词多数+es heroes Negroes potatoes tomatoeszeroes/zeros以o结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s radios,zoos,bamboos,（pianos,kilos photos 是特殊）5.以 f,fe 结尾的改 f,或 fe 为 v,再+es,例如：leaves,lives,wivesknives,halves,wolvesThe thief s wife killed three wolves with some le

30、aves and knivesin half of her life.但是，也有一些+s,如 roofs,proofs,gulfs,beliefs,handkerc hiefs/handkerc hievesII:不规则的可数名词变复数的规则：1.man men,woman women,tooth teeth,foot feet,c hild c hiIdren,mouse mic e,2.单复数相同：sheep,fish,deer,means,Chinese,Japanese,fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes;There are many kinds of fishes in

31、that lake.3.以man,woman修饰名词构成合成词时，两个词都变化.man servant men servants（男仆）.（boy/girl students）woman doc tor women doc tors.4 .复合名词的复数形式：son-in-law-sons-in-law（主体名词变化）film-goer-film-goers,grown-up-grown-ups（如果没有主体名词,在词尾加复数）5.字母，阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加s”或“s”.There are two P s in the word all.It happened in the I960 s

32、/1960s.I will not ac c ept your if s and but s.6.物质名词一般没有复数，有时用复数形式表示不同种类，wheats,fruits,vegetables,有时表示更广的词义，wood woods,water waters,sand sands7.定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人。the Turners,the Smiths,the Wangs.8.集体名词people,polic e,c attle总是作复数，（people作民族，种族时有单复数两种形式）Many c attle are kept.Several polic e were on duty

33、.The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.The English are a funny people.9.集体名词 c lass,public,family,population,team,c rew,c ommittee等单复数都有，但意义不同。The c lass is big.-The c lass are taking notes in English.The population in China is larger.-80%of the populationin China are peasants.10.hair,frui

34、t通常作单数，表示总体。H is hair is grey.a ric h harvest of fruit如果表示若干根头发，表示种类的水果时，可以加复数词尾。H e had a few white hairs.What fruits are on sale in this season?11.以s 结尾的学科名词只作单数。mathematic s,physic s,politic s,等。(news)12.glasses,trousers,sc issors,shoes,spec tac les,等常用复数；但如果这些词前用 a pair of/this pair of-/thatpair

35、 of等修饰时谓语动词有pair来决定。Where are my glasses?My new pair of trousers is too long.H ere are some new pairs of shoes.13.不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词。a piec e of news/information/advic e/bread/c ake/paper/meat/c oal,a bottle of ink,a grain of ric e,a c ake of soap说明：可数名词和不可数名词之间并没有截然的界限；可数名词可以转变为不可数名词，同样不

36、可数名词也可以转变为可数名词，要看清整个上下文的具体内容。三.名词的所有格。I.有生命的名词所有格的构成：A.一般在词尾 s.the teac her s offic e,Xiao L i s sister shusband s mother.B.以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 workers rest homes.themasses requestC.不以s 结尾的复数名词加 s.c hildren s toys Women s DayD:复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 s.my sister-in-law sbrother.E:表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加 s.This is

37、 Tom,James and Dic k s room.F:表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加s.Jenny s,Jean s and Mary s rooms fac e to the south.G:名词短语只在最后一个词后加s.a quarter of an hour s talk.II.名词所有格的用法：1.名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词，表示所属关系。L ei Feng s dairy.the Working P eople s P alac e of Culture.2.也可用于表示时间的名词。todayJ s paper,an hour s drive.Frida

38、y s work.3.也可用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词。the c ountrys plan,the farms fruit.Chinas population.4 .也可用于表示由人组成的集体名词。our P arty，s stand（党的立场）5.也可用于表示度量、价值的名词。two dollars worth of books.a pound s weight.（现代英语中，这种用法越来越多。）III.凡不能用S属格的情况可用o f属格表示所属关系。the City of New York.a map of China.特别是下列情况要用o f属格：当名词有较长的定语时，the nam

39、e of the girl standing at the gate.H ave you read the artic les of the students who were withus yesterday.所修饰的名词前有数量词时，a play of Comrade L i s.some friends of my brother s.所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词时，that performanc e of the teac hersJIV.双重所有格：当 o f 前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a,an,this,that,these,those,two,t

40、hree,four,any,some,several,no,few,another等修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。a poem of L u Xun s.a friend of his/hers.Whic h novel of Dic ken s are you reading?some friends of my brothersJ.5.几种特殊情况：the key to the door.keys to the exerc ises.notes to the text answers to the questiontic kets for the fil

41、m/moviea c hec k for$1500.anyone else s book.the monument to the people s heroes.the entranc e to the station/c inema在现代英语中of属格大都可用s 所有格代替。相关练习：1-I feel tired.I have so muc h work to do and don,t have muc htime for myself,一you should take i think.A health B timeC lesson D erec ise2-Ask the naughty b

42、oys not to manke any.I c an t fall asleep.A noise B sound C voic e D singing3.During Christams people get together and sing Christams songsf o r _ _ _ _ _ _ _A thanks B wishes C interest D fun4.we have at seven in the morning.A breakfast B lunc h C supper D dinner5-P lease give me a when you arrive.

43、一OK.I 11 tell everything as soon as I get there.A hand B present C ring D ride6.We watc h evening news on Channel I of at 7:00 in theevering.A.MTV B CAAC C.CCTV D.WTO7 Can you tell me when is?-Yes.It,s on the third Sunday in June.A Mother s Day B.FatherJ s DayC.Tree P lanthing Day D.Thanksgiving Day

44、8.Where is Tom?H e s left a saying that he hassomething important to do.A exc use B sentenc e C message D news9 If you want to know the meaning of a word,you c an look it upin a.A diary B diagram C newspaper D dic tionary10.The waiter or the waitress usually gives us a beforewe order dishes in a res

45、taurant.A menu B bill C list D form11.Some are flying kites near the riverA c hild B boy C boys D c hilds12.-What would you like to drink,girls?A Two c up of c offee B Two c ups of c offeeC Two c ups of c offee D Two c up of c offees13.My sc hool is about twenty walk from hereA minute B minutes C mi

46、nute s D minutes14 .It s bedroom.It s c lean and tidy.A.L ily ang luc y B.L ily ang L uc y sC.L ily s ang L uc k D.L ily ang L uc k s15.They are those bags.P lease put them on the busA visitor B visitors C visitor,s D visitors16.A lot of stone tables and c hairs are of the river andthe number of the

47、m is growingA on both side,greater B on eac h sides,moreC on both sides,larger D on eac h side,more17.I am thirsty.Wou1d you bring me,please?A some bread B some water C some c akes D some eggs18.These Germans want to have s ome for supper,so theydec ide to c atc h now.A.fish,many B.fishes,muc h C fi

48、sh,muc h D fishes,many19.The guide has some new.She c an show them to usA ric e B food C jac ket D pic tures20 I m afraid that there is n o for you in my c ar,bec ausethere are already five peopleA land B fround C room D floorUnits7 8重点句型1 H ow muc h is the red sweater?It s eight dollars.2 H ow muc

49、h are these white pants?They re ten dollars.3 Can I help you?What c olor do you want?H ere you are.1 11 takeit/them.4 When is your birthday?My birthday is January fifteen.5 H ow old are you?I m thirteen.6 When is the sc hool trip?ItJ s April 19th.重点语法基数词的构成及用法构成：1.1-12 的表述 1-12 各有各的形式，即 one,two,thre

50、e,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve02.13-19的表述13-19的数字皆以-teen ti：n 结尾,其中,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen 和 nineteen 分 另 i j 由 four,six,seven,eight,nine 加后缀-teen 变成的，eighteen 中只保留一个 to thirteen,fifteen分别由three和 five转花而来。3.20-90数字的表达20-90的数字皆以-ty结尾，其中，sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety 分别由