初三英语教学课件(二).pdf

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1、初三英语Unit 1 Will people have robots?一周强化一、一周课程概述1.学习一般将来时表达法。2.学习谈论过去、现在和将来。3.学习 there will be 句型。4.学习用more,less,few表达数量。二、重难点知识讲解1.Do you think there will be robots in peoples homes?你认为平民百姓家里会有机器人吗？此句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，Do you think是主句，there w川be是宾语从句。关于There be句型：There is(are)表示“某处有某物”。此处的“有”，表示存在关系。如：

2、There is a book on the desk.课桌上有本书。There are some people in the room.房间里有一些人。注意：There is的后面跟可数名词的单数或不可数名词；There are的后而跟可数名词的复数。如果罗列很多东西，则看第一个名词，如果第一个名词是单数，谓语动词用is；如果是复数则用a re,可称作“就近原则”。如：There is a book and two rulers on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。There are two rulers and a book on the desk.桌子上有两把尺子和一本书。

3、拓展：There b e 句型有时态的变化一般现在时：There is/are.一般将来时：There will be.There is/are going to be.一般过去时：There was/were.这里需要注意的是there be的一-般将来时，同学们常犯的错误是there willhave 或 there is/are going to have.,如：这个星期天将有场足球赛。There is going to(There will)be a football match this Sunday.(4)There is going to have a football matc

4、h this Sunday.(x)There will have a football math this Sunday.(x)2.I think every home will have a robot.我认为家家都会有机器人。辨析：every 与each(1)二者都可译为“每个工但every着重指由一个一个所形成的全体；用于三个或三个以上的人或物。如：Every answer is right.每个(所有)答案都正确。(2)each着重指全体中的一个个的个体，用于总数为两个或两个以上的人或物;其个别感比every强。如：Each students had a desk and a chai

5、r.每个学生都有1张书桌和1把椅子。There are trees on each side of the road.路的两边都有树。3.People will live to be 200 years old.人们将活到 200 岁。live to be 200 years old 活 至!J 200 岁live to be+基数词+years old”可译为 活到岁live是动词，其汉语意思是“居住；生活；活如：Where do you live?你住在哪儿？I live in Beijing.我住在北京。We live happily.=We live a happy life.我们过着

6、幸福的生活。（我们生活得很幸福。）live读/laiv/时，是形容词，表示“（动、植物）活着的”，置于名词之前；alive,living也是形容词，表示“活着的”。拓展：living”“活着的”，其反义词是dead;alive。”活的，其反义词是dead;但用法有所不同，alive不可置于名词之前，所以名词前要用live/laiv/,living。如：a live/living dog 一只活狗a live/living fish 一条活鱼4.Will people use money in 100 years?100 年后人们还使用钱吗？句中的in表示“在之后”；in和 after都可表示“

7、在之后”，但用法有所不同。辨析：in与after（1）in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”，也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态。如：He will be back in two days.他两天以后回来。（2）after常常指以过去时间为起点的“在一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某-时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。如：He started on Sunday and arrived in Beijing after three days.他星期天动身，3 天之后到达北京。Fil

8、be free after Friday.我星期五之后有空。Hell be free after three oclock.他 3 点之后回来。5.There will be more/less/fewer people.将会有更多/更少/更少的人。more是many和 much的比较级，其后既可以跟可数名词的复数，也可以跟不可数名词，意思是“更多”。如：He has more books.他有更多的书。less是 little的比较级，其后只接不可数名词,意思是“较少；更少”。如：There is less water in that glass.那个杯子里的水更少。色 wer是 few的比

9、较级，其后只接可数名词的复数形式，意思是“较少的，少量 的 与 less同义。如:I have fewer friends in that school.在那个学校我有较少的朋友。Will there be fewer trees there?那儿的树木会不会很少呢？拓展：many,much的最高级是m ost,意为“最 多。如：He has most friends in school.在学校他的朋友最多。many后接可数名词复数，much后接不可数名词。如：There are many cars in the street.街上有许多小汽车。There is much time left.

10、还有许多时间。little的最高级是least,意为“最少的。如:I have least money.我有最少的钱。fbw最高级是few est,意为“最少的”。如：He has fewest friends.他有最少的朋友。little与 few同义,意为“很少；儿乎没有“；a little与a few同义,“一些；少量”。区别：little,a little后接不可数名词；few,afbw后接可数名词。6.Well,I dont agree,But I think there will be fewer trees.哦，我不同意你的看法，但我想将会有更少的树。agree v.同意；赞同；

11、取得一致意见（其过去式为agreed,反义词是disagree）They will never agree.他们永远不会取得一致意见。辨析：agree with与agree toagree with与agree to都表示“同意；赞同”的意思，但后面所接的宾语不同。agree with后接指人或表示意见、看法的词；agree to后接表示建议、计划、安排之类的词。如：I quite agree with you.我很同意你（的意见）。Do you agree with what I have said?你赞同我所说的话吗？He has agreed to our suggestion abou

12、t the holiday.他已经同意我们度假的建议了。7.I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.去年我去了上海并爱上了它。fall in love with 喜爱；爱上fall v.落下；跌落；降落；成为；变 为（fall过去式为fe ll,过去分词是回len）Leaves fall in autumn 秋天树叶落下。The boy fell into a riv e r.那男孩跌入河中。拓展:fall behind落 在（.的）后面,跟不上fall into落入.中fall o ff下降；跌落8.I think ril

13、live an apartment with my best friends,because I don,t like living alone.我想我会和我最好的朋友住在一座公寓里，因为我不喜欢一个人居住。alone adj.&adv.（1）。的.（作表语）独自的；单独的He was alone in the house yesterday.昨天他一个人在家里。（2）adv.（作状语）仅仅,只有Man alone has the gift of speech.只有人类有语言的天赋。辨析：alone与lonelyalone表示“单独，独自一人”，主要强调客观原因；lonely指孤独寂寞，主要指

14、主观上的伤感色彩。The old man lives alone,but he doesnt feel lonely.那位老人独自生活，但他并不感到寂寞。9.I might even keep a pet parrot!我甚至可以养一只宠物鹦鹉!might情态动词，may的过去式，表示可能，不确定，期望，许可等，意为“可能；也许；可以Fm afraid it might rain today.我看今天恐怕要下雨。keep v.过去式和过去分词都是k ep t,意为“养护；照顾；保管”。如：keep a pet dog养宠物狗I have a family to keep.我得养活一家人。The

15、y keep cows on their fhrm.他们在农场里养奶牛。拓展：(1)keep sb.doing sth.让某人老是保持某种状态。Sorry,I kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。(2)keep doing sth.一直不断地做某事Why do you keep laughing all the time?你为什么总是在笑？(3)keep time 守时Does your watch keep good time?你的表走得准吗？三、语法点拨：一般将来时表示一般将来时在八年级中我们已经学习了以下几种表现形式：1.用现在进行时表将来时(表示按计划

16、安排要发生的事件。)What are you doing this weekend?Im playing soccer with Jim.Are you visiting the aquarium tomorrow?Yes,we are.2.用be going to do表将来时（表示明确的打算或用来表示必然，很可能发生的事或自然现象。）It is going to rain this afternoon.Were going to have a new subject this year.3.用 will do表示将来时（表示单纯的将来概念或表示“意愿”。）I will see you to

17、morrow.Will you please open the door?Unit 2 What should I do?一周强化一、一周课程概述1.学习谈论在学校和家庭中遇到的种种麻烦和问题。2.学习为他人找出合理的解决办法，提出相应的建议。3.学习情态动词should,could提建议的用法。4.小结如何征求意见和提出建议二、重难点知识讲解1.I dont have enough money.我没有足够的钱。enough的用法（1）修饰名词，放在它所修饰的词之前或之后，意为“足够的；充足的“。I have enough money（money enough）for the book.我有足

18、够的钱买那本书。You have enough time（time enough）to do it.你有足够的时间来做这件事情。（2）修饰形容词或副词，放在形容词或副词之后，意为“足够地；十分地”。The clothes are dear enough.那些衣服十分贵。Is this good enough?这个够好吗？(3)enough to足够.可以.The girl is old enough to go to school.那女孩到了上学的年龄了。2.I argued with my best friend.我与我最好的朋友争论。argue v.争辩；争论；辩论argue的过去式和过去

19、分词是在词尾加-d,argued；现在分词去e 加-ing,arguing；其同义词是quarrelo常用短语：argue with/against sb.about/on/over sth.与某人辩论某事I often ague with my friends about the problem.我经常和朋友辩论那个问题。3.My clothes are out of style.我的衣服过时了。style n.衣服等的式样the style of 60s 60年代的式样out of s ty le 过时的；落伍的反义词组：be in style=be in fashionThis type

20、 of dress is now in style/fashion.这种裙子现在很流行。Most of my clothes are out of style/fashion.我的很多衣服都过时了。拓展:(1)out of work 失业；下岗The woman is out of work.那个妇女下岗了。(2)out of danger 脱离危险The man has been out of danger.那人已脱离了 危险。(3)out of control 失去控制The machine was out of control.那机器失去了 控制。(4)Get out of the wa

21、y!滚开！(5)out of.在.外面；从.里出来He came out of a room,他从一个房间里走出来。Don9t look out of the window.不要向窗外看。4.Maybe you should buy some new clothes.也许你应当买一些新衣服了。maybe adv.相当于perhaps,作“也许；可能 讲。maybe是一个单词，不可写为两个单词。maybe通常位于句首，在句中作状语。may be是“情态动词may+动词be”构成的，作谓语，意思是“也许是；可能是工试比较：Maybe/Perhaps you put it there.也许你把它放在

22、那里了。It may be a hat.=Maybe it is a hat.它也许是顶帽子。should情态动词，表示责任、义务或理所当然，意思是“应当；应该“，后跟动词原形。它也是shall的过去式。We should come to school on tim e.我们应当按时到学校。You should obey the rules of your school.你们应当遵守学校的规章。5.I dont want to surprise him.我不想使他吃惊。surprise 也使惊奇；使诧异；使感到意外surprise的过去式和过去分词是surprised；它的形容词形式是surp

23、rising。surprise还可用作名词，意思是“惊奇，诧异You surprise m e!你吓了我一跳!What a surprise to see you here!在这里见到你真是意外!拓展：(1)be surprised 感到吃惊(惊奇)We are very surprised at the news.听到这个消息，我们非常吃惊。(2)in surprise 惊奇地Rose looked at her mother in surprise.罗斯惊奇地看着她母亲。(3)to ones surprise使某人吃惊(惊奇)的是To my surprise the door was un

24、locked.使我吃惊的是门没有锁。(4)take.by surprise 使.感到意外His answer took us by surprise.他的回答使我们吃惊。6.I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.我需要得到一些钱来为夏令营付款。need v.需要辨析：need to do与need doingneed to do和 need doing都表示“需要做某事”，两者在用法上的不同在于当主语是人时，通常用needtodo；当主语是物时用need doing。如：They need to rest fbr a while.他们需

25、要休息一会儿。Our classroom needs cleaning now.我们的教室现在需要打扫了。注意：need doing也可用need to be done（不定式的被动式）来表示。My watch needs to be repaired.我的手表需要修 了。need还可用作情态动词，这时无时态和人称的变化，通常用于否定句和疑问句中，其后跟动词原形。如：Need I go?我需要去吗？You neednt go there.你不需要去那里。neednt可以用not have to来替换，但在回答must引起的一般疑问句时，其否定回答只能用neednt。在过去时和将来时的句子中，只

26、用have to,不用need。如：C YduneednHdo titethdLLYOU docfl have to do il Hoe tfnLMust I go home now?现在我必须回家吗？一No,you neednt.不，不需要。He had to give up smoking.他不得不戒烟了。You wont have to come here next week.下周你不必来这里。pay for 为.付 款(pay.for.)Fil pay for i t.我来付款。I paid 5 yuan for the drink.饮料我付了 5 块钱。How much did yo

27、u pay for the bike?买自行车你花了 多少钱？Did you pay him 100 yuan for the old watch?这块旧手表你付了 他 100 块？=Did you pay 100 yuan to him for the old watch?7.I have an idea.You could borrow some money from your brother.我有一个主意，你可以向你哥哥借一些钱。(1)borrow 借；借用May I borrow your pen?我可以借用 吓你的钢笔吗？borrow money from a friend 向 朋

28、友借钱辨析：borrow与lendborrow是指向别人借东西，即“借 入 lend是指把东西借给别人，即“借出”。loadBRtlborrow常用的句型是borrow sth.from s b.向某人借某物；lend常用的句型是lendsth.to sb.把某物借给某人。如：I borrow books from the library every month.我每个月都从图书馆借书。Do you often lend story-books to him?你常借给他故事书吗？注意：lend sth.to sb.也可用 lend sb.sth.来表示。如：Can you lend your

29、bike to me?=Can you lend me your bike?你能把自行车借给我用一下吗？He lent me his dictionary.他把字典借给 了 我。=He lent his dictionary to me.=1 borrowed his dictionary.我借了 他的字典。=1 borrowed a dictionary from him.(2)idean,主意；念头He has a good idea.他有个好主意。注意：(1)1 have no idea.=1 dont know.如：I have no idea when we will have sp

30、orts meet.我不知道我们什么时间开运动会。(2)在口语中，What飞your idea?你有什么主意?/你的意见如何?多用来征求别人的意见、看法等。如：Whafs your idea about this plan?你对这次计划有何意见？(3)赞成他人意见时，可用Thafs a good idea.或 Good idea!好主意(好办法)！8.Jim could join a club.吉姆可以加入一个俱乐部。join v.加入；参加join the party 入党join the league 入团join the army 参军拓展：(1)j o in 连接；结合；相连join

31、one thing to another 将,物与另物连接起来Where do the two rivers join each other?这两条河在何处汇合？(2)join sb.in sth./in doing sth.与.一起(做某事)Will you join me in a walk?你愿意和我一起去散步吗?(3)join.to.把.和.连接起来The new railway has joined this city to that one.这条新铁路把这个城市与那个城市连接起来。9.They are the same as my friends9 clothes.它们与我朋友们的

32、衣服相同。the same a s与.相同；和.一样He was the same age as you.他和你年龄大约一样。Im of the same mind as you are about it.关于这事我和你想法相同。句 中my friends，是动词复数所有格。名词复数所有格：名词在词尾加s或es构成的复数的所有格，s后只加“小。如：my friends9 clothes我朋友们的衣服the students9 answ er学生们的回答不 以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“飞”构成所有格。如：Childrens Day 童节a wolf in she印s skin 披着羊皮的狼1

33、0.Everyone else in my class was invited except me,and I dont know why.I cantthink what I did wrong.除了我以外我班其他人都受到了邀请，我不知道为什么。我想不出我做错了什么。else adj.别的；其他的else用在不定代词something,anything,nothing及 由some,any构成的不定代词或特殊疑问词的后面。Do you want anything else?你还想要别的东西吗？I want nothing else.我其他什么也不想要了。What else did you s

34、ay?你说了别的什么事情？Where else did you go?你还到哪儿去了？was invited是般过去时态的被动语态形式。,般过去时态的被动语态结构为：was（were）+及物动词的过去分词。was invited意为 被邀请”。except prep.除.之外We all went except Tom.除汤姆之外我们都去了。I looked everywhere except there.除了那儿，我到处都看过了。辨析：except与besidesexcept和besides都有“除.之外”的意思，except意思是“除了.都“；besides强调“除了之外还有”We go

35、there every day except Sunday.除星期天外，我们每天都去那里。（周一到周六去那儿，星期天不去）Besides English he did well in Chinese and maths.除了英语外，他语文、数学成绩也很好。（英语、语文、数学成绩都好）what 1 did wrong是一个宾语从句，此处用了陈述语序。疑问语序是what did I dowrong.注意：在宾语从句中，如果从句是疑问句，那么要用陈述语序。请注意下列句子的语序：蜘 什么名字？etdlme wtailKriiameb 0（告诉翼婕什么名字.rWhat do you do on 末干什么

36、？LCan you Ufl tne what you do on 告诉雷肉末于什么1酎11.Last week,she borrowed my math book and didnt return it.Then I couldnt domy homework.I dont want to have a fight with my cousin,because shes my bestfriend.上周她借了我的数学书没有归还，使得我没法做作业。我不想和我的表妹打架，因为她是我最好的朋友。have a fight with sb.=fight with sb.和某人打架We cant have

37、 a fight with each other at school.在学校我们不能相互打架。注意：(1)fight with 也可以用 fight against 代替。如：Have you been fighting with(against)your brother again?你又和你兄弟打架了吗？(2)fight against后接表示事物的名词，意为“为反对而斗争”，后接人或国家名，意思是“与战斗”。They fought against the enemy.他们和敌人战斗。(3)fight for后一般接抽象名词，意思是“为事业、自由、真理、权利等而斗争(战斗)They are

38、fighting for freedom.他们正为自由而斗争。三、交际用语寻求/提出建议Ask for advice 寻求建议(1)What shall I do?(2)Can you help me?/Can you give me a hand?(3)What should he do?(4)Could you give me some advice?(a piece of advice,some pieces of advice)Give suggestions 提出建议(1)You should say you are sorry.(2)You could write him a le

39、tter.(3)They shouldnt argue.(4)Maybe you should call him up.(5)I think Evin should tell her friend to get different clothes.(6)Why dont you tell him the truth?(7)Why not borrow one?(8)Lefs go shopping.(9)Shall we play soccer?(10)How about/What about seeing a movie?(11)Youd better not go out now.(12)

40、Its best to wear warm clothes.Reading of Unitsl2一周强化重难点知识讲解:Reading of Unit I Do you think you will have your own robot?1.Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future.However,theyagree it may take hundreds of years.一些科学家相信未来会有这种机器人。然而他们也认为这需要花费数百年的时间。(1)believe v.相信后接宾语从句或tha

41、t从句：I believe that he has been to Beijing.我相信他去过北京。后接宾语+补足语：I believe the boy honest.我相信那个孩子是诚实的。(2)such a的.如此的；这样的作定语，放 在a/an之前，可修饰单数、复数或不可数名词：Ive never met such a man like him,我从来没有见过像他这样的人。形容词连用以加强语气：Ifs such a nice day!今天天气真好！(3)however adv.&conj.然而；可是She was ill,she went to work,however.她生病了，可是

42、她照旧去上班。conj.不管用什么方法(方式)Im going by car but you can go however you like.我准备坐汽车去，你可以随你的意思怎么都行。辨析：however,but与yethowever,but,yet都表示转折。however用于言即既成的事实，通常与主句间用逗号隔开。如:If we work with a strong will,we can overcome any difficulty,however great itis.只要我们有坚强的意念，不管多大的困难，都能战胜。but表示与前面所述事情或事实相反。如：He studied har

43、d,but he failed in the exam.尽管他学习很努力，但考试还是没及格。yet比but的意思更强，无论让步到何种地步，所预期的结果仍会出现。如:Jenny got up even earlier the next day,she was yet late.第二天珍妮起得更早了，可是她还是迟到了。（4）agree vi.&v t.意见一致;同意；承认 agree about/on（关于.）意见一致We agree about/on that.关于那件事情，我们的意见一致。agree w ith与（人、想法）意见一致I agree with you/your words/wha

44、t you say.我 赞 同 你（我与你意见相同）。agree that.承认.He agreed that he should have been more careful.他承认他应该更谨慎一些。（5）hundreds of years 数百年hundred,thousand等数词前如有确切的数字，只能用单数，如：two hundred students 200 个学生one thousand trees 1000 棵树如果前面没有确切数字时，则可用其复数形式表示一个不确切的数字，且后面要带上o f.如：hundreds of thousands of people 数千万的人thous

45、ands of buildings 成千幢的楼房2.Scientists are now trying to make robots look like people,and do the same things asus.科学家现在正尽力完善机器人像人一样，并且和我们做同样的事情。(1)try to do sth.试图做某事；尽量做某事We should try to learn English well.我们应当尽量学好英语。The boy is trying to work out the math problem in another way.那个男孩正试图用另一种方法解出那道数学题。

46、(2)make当“使；让；叫“讲时，后接不带to 的不定式；当“制造”讲时没有这种用法。如：He made me wait there fbr two hours.他让我在那里等了两个小时。拓展(Dmake+n./prop.+n.使.成为.I want to make you my wife.我想让你成为我的妻子。make+儿+M,使.处于某种状态Dont make our classroom dirty.不要把我们的教室弄脏。make fHends with sb.与某人交朋友I made a lot of friends in school.我在学校交 了许多朋友。(3)look like

47、意为“看起来像.”,其中的like是介词“像.如：The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看上去像她母亲。辨析：like与aslike和 as都有“像”的意思，但用法有所不同，like后通常跟名词或代词;as后通常跟一个句子。如：We should do as Comrade Lei Feng did.我们应当像雷锋同志做的那样去做。He likes animals like monkeys,elephants and pandas and so on.他喜欢像猴子、大象、熊猫等的动物。（第一个like是动词，意为“喜欢”;第二个like是介词，意为“如/像）3.J

48、apanese companies have already made robots walk and dance.日本的公司制造的机器人已会行走、跳舞了。句中have made是现在完成时的结构形式。现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成的动作。与现在完成时连用的状语常见的有：already,yet,for和since引起的时间。现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式为：have（has）+动词的过去分词。动词过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化之分。规则变化的过去分词与动词的过去式相同，即在动词词尾加-ed；不规则变化的过去分词需要大家平时多积累，用心记忆。如：They have already fini

49、shed their homework.他们已经完成了 作业。I have traveled many cities in China.我已在中国旅游了许多城市。He hasnt heard from his friend yet.他还没有收到他朋友的来信。4.People would not like to do such jobs and would get bored.人们会不喜欢做这种工作并且会变得厌烦。（1）would表示推测，意为 就会He would be shocked to hear the truth.如果听到真相，他会震惊的。（2）get bored变 得 厌 烦（g e

50、t是系动词，后接形容词作表语。）get angry变得生气 get warm变得暖和注意：bored表示主语的状态，意为“感到厌烦；boring表示主语“令人厌烦”。The TV play was boring.电视剧很无聊。The boring job made me get bored.无聊的工作使我感到很厌烦。5.He thinks that it will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person.他认为机器人像人一样做同样的事情是困难的。it在该句中是形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式短语to do the sa