初中英语阅读课教学案例.pdf

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1、初中英语阅读课教学案例 初中英语阅读课教学案例省湖口县江桥中学/梅洪钟 发布时间：2010年0 6月0 2日四单元景中英语教材具有很多的优点，但由于学生认知水平的发展具有规律性，教师只有充分认识和教学实际，合理设计教学程序，充分发挥学生的主体作用，教学相长，才能达到教学效果的材分析1：本课时选择的是初二英语课本第四单兀How often do you exercise?中的一篇文章，主要是uFood and lifestyles”而展开的。：这篇文章讲述了很多学生平时的饮食和生活习惯。通过学习，让学生明白什么是健康的饮(1)理解课文内容，知道如何捕捉细节。!)根据图片猜测大意。0引导学生掌握模

2、仿主题进行描述的技巧，形成根据主题理解文章细节并能分辨是非的能丈Warming-up activitiesFree Talk:To ask the student on duty to make a speech:W hat is my favorite food?”招：以讨论日常生活的话题进入，可以活跃课堂气氛。同时，由于每天都有值日生报告，可头表达能力。另外，在交流过程中，也互相锻炼了学生的听力水平。1.Revise some names of food(Let the students speak freely.)ow the students beautiful pictures of

3、 food During the talking,the teacher can write some of th(ly some new words:fruit,sweet,bread,meat,juice.k the students to ask and answer:W hat is it?,Do you like it?”咯：(1)通过感性的图片教学，可以进一步调动学生的学习积极性。:学生相互问答，了解食物的名称，在交流中培养他们的合作精神和解决问题的能力。iscussion:(1)W hat food can we eat a lot?(2)Do you think is good

4、 for our h e a lth?(rite?咯：通过有趣的话题极大地激发学生的好奇心，为进入正文教学打下基础。最后向学生展示67)-“Healthy Eating”，并让他们参与讨论，知道哪些才是正确的饮食。已针对上述教学设计和课堂教学活动，笔者有以下三点体会：(1)本活动在设计上比较能激发学生完成任务的兴趣和参与活动的热情。(2)能使阅读前的W arming-up activit的作用。这就为顺利开展之后的多个活动打下了基础。(3)上课伊始就顺利切入主题，中|1励性和启发性，能使学生产生强烈的共鸣。ReadingListening and scanning:do students wa

5、nt to be?:do students eat for breakfast now?招：（1）听和读都是学生获取信息的有效途径。通过让学生边听边读（默读）可以培养其快速优的地听和读，让学生在了解课文大意的同时握课文中一些细节性的内容。ntensive Reading:Read the text again,try to answer some questions:招：进一步有目的地读，可以让学生更好地了解课文细节。同时，通过抢答加分的方式，进一性。kimming:1.To ask groups 1&2 to read the text a third time,and make a dia

6、logue in pairs.k groups 3&4 to retell the story.莅1、让学生进一步阅读课文，了解文章的内容，通过对话培养学生交流与合作能力。;文章改写与复述培养学生运用语言的能力。Extension activity:To ask the students to tell something about their own lifestyles.招：学以致用，自己的话题会让他们产生更大的兴趣。同时，通过这项活动可以充分训练学学后记术教学设计和具体的教学活动，本人事后有以下几点思考：寿是学生比较喜欢的学习方式。以竞赛形式贯穿整个教学活动是该部分教学设计的亮点。在

7、匕极，讨论热烈，思维活跃，竞争激烈，教学效果比较令人满意。同时在教学过程中，充分并动，让他们在合作探究中共同提高，收到了较好的效果。自通过阅读才能让学生理解课文内容，并形成一定的阅读技能。本环节通过“提炼大意，情伸训练”四个步骤，培养学生概括主题、捕捉细节和再现阅读内容的技能。教师同时能注意使各个教学环节自然过渡，让学生在不知不觉中进入学习状态并开展活动。而在教学过程中积极调动学生，让学生自己来组织并完成任务，真正体现了学生的主体地位恩实践中，本人也体会到，阅读教学应处理好以下四个关系：I巾的“教”和学生的“学”的关系。教师应更多地关注如何教会学生阅读，而不是仅向学生教学过程是学生在教师的帮助

8、和指导下掌握知识和形成技能的过程。教师应让学生在活动中生自己去发现问题、分析问题和解决问题。数学设计过程中，要尽最大可能考虑学生情感在教学中的重要性，要设法让学生在快乐中学追求所谓的“快乐”，一味强调热闹课堂，气氛是活跃了，但忽视了学生对知识的掌握和徒卖过程与结果的关系。任务型教学要求教师在教学中不仅要关注学习的结果，还要关注学习的过程就是学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的过程。同时也是逐步提升阅读技巧，提高境和反思的关系。反思是实践的一面镜子，每次的教学反思都能折射出实践中的成功和不足断借鉴成功，改进不足，把培养学生学会阅读、学会自主学习作为追求的目标。Summary of Grammar1

9、.宾语从句：1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。He says(that)he will have a walk soon.The teacherasks who is the cleverest in the school.I .want to know who came here late this morning.2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。He wondered if I would come.She told me that her son hadgot well.She said that she liked watching TV We though

10、t Jim waswrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr.Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。Could you tell me when you will get back to W uhan?（不是will you）Do you know which sweater she is wearing?（不是 is she）2.状语从句：1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if（如果）,unless（除非），when（当的时候）,as soonas（

11、一就），before,after,until,till,as（当的时候）所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如：I would give the money to the charity if I had a milliondollars

12、.When he got to the park,his classmates had left.My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.3.定语从句:关系代词w ho只指人,w hich只指物。th a t既可指人又可指物。w hose后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。w hom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词w here指“在那里，w hen指“在那时”。She is a girl who/that is beauti 1 and kind-hearted.She is a gir

13、l（who/whom/that）I know very well.That boy whosehair is very long is my brother.（所属）The girl whois tall is my sister./I own a bike whose price ishigh.I bought a watch（which/that）I paid 100 yuan f o r.（指物）I prefer a place which/thatis clean and quiet.I prefer a place wherel can live a quiet life.（在这儿）

14、I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find mydog.4.wish 和 hope:1 wish 可接 to do sth./sb to do sth./that 从句.I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.I wish youto join my flowers smell beauti 1.The sweets tastesweet.The silk feels soft.I felt tired.这些动词不用于被动语态。The sweets are tasted sweet

15、.是错误的。注意：如果加介词lik e,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：He looks like his mother.That sounds like a good idea.It smells like a flower.It tastes like salt.8.find和th in k部分用法:+宾语+宾语补足语。（代替宾从）宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语，John found his son a cleverboy.2.形容词短语，Mrs.Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.3.有时宾补后可接带t o不定式，I found it hard t

16、o fool thegirl.9.would like/want/feel like:1 would like,和 want 类似:都可接名词短语：I would like/want another three desks.都可接带 to不定式：I would like/want to go out for a walk.都可接 sb,然后再跟带 to 不定式：I would like you to give me a hand.2 feel like:后也可接名词短语：Do you feel like some tea?后若接动词，须用动词in g形式：Do you feel like ha

17、ving awalk?I don，t feel like drinking te a.【feel like 常用于疑问句或否定句中。】10.词序易错的短语：1形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面o Is there anything delicious in the fridge?Nothing serious.There is something wrong with thecomputer.I want to go somewhere warm.2 else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。W hat else can you see in the picture?Who

18、else is in theroom?Do you have anything else to say?Where else can you see it?3 enough修饰形容词和副词，enough放在后面。This sweater is cheap enough.Nemo is old enough to work.He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：IW hat do you think o f?二How do you lik e？“你对怎么看？（How?句中有lik e,是动词。）2W hat

19、 s the weather like in？=How is theweather in？”的天气什么样？（W hat?句中有lik e,是介词“像）12.take,cost,pay,spend 区别：1 It+take+sb+some time+to do sth.It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.2 物+cost+sb+钱：The bag cost me thirty yuan,（cost,cost,cost）若 cost 后无 s b,则译作 价钱是：The bag costs 30 Yuan.3 人+pay+sb+钱+for st

20、h:I paid the seller 200 Yuan forthe bike,（pay,paid,paid）,（p a y后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。）4 人+spend+时间/钱+on sth/（in）doing sth.The girl spent two hours（in）searching the Internet.The girl always spends much money on her clothes.spend 有时可指 度过：spend holiday/weekends/winter13.双宾结构:pass/give/teach/offer/lend/send/sel

21、l/call/show/buy/ask/tell/build等可加双宾结构。即后接sb+sth.其111 pass,give,offer,lend,send,sell,show 等可接 sth+to sb.buy,build 等可接 sth+for sb.另外，若s th是代词时，不用双宾结构。Please pass it to me.14.部分词作连词与介词：（连词接句子，介词接名词或代词）Keep care 1 when you are listening to the teacher.（连词）Keep care 1 when listening to the teacher.（介词）类似

22、的，while,than,before,after,as,since,until 等 o如：I 1 1 wait until I hear from h e r.（连词）I 1 1 wait until next F rid a y.（介词）那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用，下同。H es eating fried chicken.他在吃炸鸡。There is no time left.I have read a novel written by Lu X un.我读了 一 部 鲁 迅写的小说。He lives in a house builttwenty years ago.

23、2.动词in g作形容词：表示正进行或功能，常作定语。the ing boy,a running bus,the rising sun,a bus running onthe road,the boy ing in the corner（正进行）a sitting room,the sleeping car,the bathing suit（功能）16.动词e d与动词in g作形容词用法之二：和心理感受有关，但ed 修饰人，ing 常修饰物。I felt surprised at his words.How exciting the film is!/I want to go to a pl

24、ace which isrelaxing.17.动词in g和带to不定式作主语：To be a teacher is my dream.Working hard brings yousuccess.Taking care of our environment is very important.To plant trees makes me h a p p y.（谓语用单数）Reading books gives you knowledge.（谓语用单数）Listening and writing are both difficult.（谓语用复数）18.later/after/ago/be

25、fore:llater”时间后”结构：时间段+later常用于一般过去时。They went to Beijing five days later.（la ter单独在句尾，常用于将来时：1?1 1 see you later.）2after”时间后 结构：after+时间段，常用于一般过去时,和 1 相同。They went to Beijing after five days.（after 也可加句子：I 1 1 send you an e-mail after I get home.He found out the information after he had searched th

26、e Internetfor thirty minutes.)3ago 时间前 结构：时间段+ago,用于一般过去时。TheGreens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago.(since+时间段+ago,主句用现在完成时)4before单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前”I have been to London before.He has seen the film before.(若是时间段+before,则常用过去完成时，译为“时间前:I had seen the film two weeks before.We had found out theanswe

27、r to the problem an hour before.)19.四季 20.月份 21.星期22.“也”：either,用于否定句的末尾。also,通常挨着动词，少用于句尾。too,通常在句尾，前常有逗号。as well,只用于句尾。注意：后三个词都不用于否定句23.带to 不定式用法之一：带 to 不定式有逻辑宾语在前时，to后动词用及物动词，不及物时需加介词。The apples are too tallfor the boy to reach./The zoo is not a good place for animals tolive in.24.(a)little/(a)fe

28、w:Ifew,little”几乎没有；少”否定词。few加可数名词复数,little加不可数名词。2a few“一些”肯定词，加可数名词复数;a little”一些；一点”也是肯定词，加不可数名词。3 另外，在 too,very,so 等词后用 few,little;在 only,just,still等词后用 a few,a little.而 quite a few/a little 译为 很多”25.及物动词+副词：put on/off7away/up/down/out;break off?down;turn 011/off/up/down;get back;use up;giveaway/

29、out/up/back;try out/on;ring/call up;let down;clean up/out;set up;think up;hand in/out;fix up;work out;dress up;pick up;help out;keep off/out/down cut down;write down;wake up（叫 酉 星）；take off/away;sell out;look up/over;eat up;throwaway/off宾语是名词时，可放在中间或后边，是代词时只放在中间。26.asas 用法：1 利一样 His room is as big a

30、s mine.He runs as fast as I/me.2asas possible/sb can”尽可分匕”肥We went there as soon as possible.我们尽可能快地去了那儿。Listen to the teacher as carefully you can.3 有些短语有儿个意思：as soon as 和一样快；一就；as much as利一样多；多达;as long as和一样长;长达；只要；as well as和一样好；和一样;as far as远达;就来说;27.prefer 用法：prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing

31、sth 比起更喜欢prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿，也不愿prefer to do sth/prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事28.some-,any-,every-用法：Isom e-”某，一些”，用于肯定的陈述句中。I have something to tell you.Maybe somebody hastaken i t.若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或建议.Why not ask somebody to help you?Shall we give himsomething to eat?W hat about

32、 some milk?Could you please lendme some chairs?2a n y-,在疑问句中仍译为“某，一些 ”Doyou have anything to say?Is anybody in the house?在肯定句利否定句中译为 任何You may put the box anywhere in theroom.He is taller than any other student in the class.We don thave anything to eat this morning.3every-每”，强调所有，既包括此也包括彼。Is everybo

33、dy here?-No,Tom and Lucy haveasked for leave.The glass was broken,and the water wenteverywhere.29.动词时态和形式：八个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时（am/is/are+v.ing）一 般将来时（will/shaU/be going to+动词原形）、一 般过去时、过去进行时（was/were+v.ing）、现在完成时（have/has+v.过去分词）、过去完成时（had+v.过去分词）、过去将来时（would+v.原形）六个形式：原形；过去式；过去分词；第三人称单数（加s/es）;现在分词（v.i

34、ng）；带to不定式。3O.if/whether区别：i f如果（引导条件状从）/是否（引导宾从）whether无论（引导让步状从）/是否（引导宾从）都译为 是否 时，whether可接or n o t,也可接带to不定式。i f则不可。另外，if可接any-单词，常不接some-单词。If you have any water,please give me some.31.因为：because,常是对why的回答，语气最强。since,位置：Since，.Since it s already late,I mustgo now.for,位置：，for.语气最弱。I drove careful

35、ly,for its snowing.as有时也指“因为”，用法基本无限制。32.表推测：must,may,might,can,could,can tmust“一定”,可能性最大，常用于肯定句。There is the door bell,it must be Tom.may/might“也许”一般用于肯定句，may 比 might可能性大。She is coming to us.She might be our new teacher.can/could 可能could比can语气更委婉。但can多用于否定。You could be right,but I don t think you a

36、re.The light in the office is off.The teacher can t be therenow.33.so与such区别：so是副词，后跟形容词/副词，so tall/slow ly,such是形容词，后跟名词短语。such bad weather/goodnews；such a beautiful girl/an im portant lesson/a heavystonesuch kind boys/new desks/friendly people/amazingmovies*;若名词前形容词是many,much,few,little时，不用such,而用

37、so.so many flowers/much rain/few friends/little water也常有so/s u c h th at”句型，译 为“如此以致于”。34.so的另两个用法：lso+be/情态动词/助动词+主语，“也”上下文所指不是同一个人或物。The twins are working,soam I.I will stay up tonight,and so will Peter.以及对话形式：A:I woke up late this morning.B:So didL2 s o+主 语+be/情态动词/助动词，“的确是”上下文所指是同一个人或物。A:We have

38、 lunch at school.B:So you do.又如:A:Bruce can work out the problem.B:So he can.35.neither/nor用法之一neither/nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语“也不”上文是否定句。She didn，t get well,nor did herbrother.或对话形式：A:Jim hasn t had breakfast.B:Neither have I.36.keep,make,get,have 用法：Ikeep+sb/sth doing sth“让一直做I m sorry forkeeping you wa

39、iting so long,keep+doing sth”坚持做某事”2make+sb/sth do sth 让做某事 I 1 1 try to make youunderstand what I mean.I feel sorry that I have made him waitfor long.3get+sb/sth to do sth.让做某事。He got Peter to buy hima pen.4have+宾语+动词原形/ing/过去分词Have him do it,please.让他做它吧。We had the machineworking.我让那台机器一直工作着。We ha

40、d the machine repaired.我们让人修理了那台机器（让那台机器被修理了）。5 也都可接形容词：keep safe/busy,keep the door closed/open,make us happy,get the door closed,have everything ready.37.used 短语：used to+动原，过去常常 He used to smoke.be used t o 译为 被用来”,后接动原。It is used to cutthings.be used t o 译 为“习惯于”，后接动词ing或名词/代词.如:He s used to work

41、ing late./We are all used to followingothers.be used for+目的（名词或动词ing）如：English is used for business./Knives are used for cuttingthings.38.through/past/across:都可作介词，穿过 前常有位移动词。He climbed through the window and saw what he could takeaway.He went past me without saying any words.He swam across the rive

42、r,【through,内部；past,旁边；across,表面。】位移动词+p ast相当于动词pass;位移动词+across相当于cross.39.the number of/a number o f:前 者 的数量；后 者”许多的”都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语,谓语用复数。The number of the trees is two thousand.用单数 is.A number of trees have been cut down.用复数 have.40.延续性动词:How long,since,f o r,（以上见 84）until/till 等所在肯定句

43、中的主句谓语要用延续性动词。How long may I keep this novel?I ve lived here since 2002.Let s wait until he comes b a c k.但否定句中可用短暂性动词：I haven t seen you for a long time.41.all/each/both/none/either/neither:1 All boys/All of the boys are from China,all 接可数复数，谓语也用复数。AH of the water is polluted.若接不可数，谓语用单数。2Each boy/

44、Each of the boys has a different bag.each 接名词单数或接of+限定词+复数，后谓语都用单数。3Both of the twins are clever.后面谓语用复数。4None of the students has/have been there before.n o n e+o f+限定词+复数，谓语用单、复数都可。另见885-When shall we meet,Saturday or Sunday?-Either day is OK./Either of the days is O K.谓语用单数。6-When shall we meet,S

45、aturday or Sunday?-Sorry,I have to look after my mother these two days.Thatis,neither time is OK./neither of the days is O K.谓语用单数。all/each/none分别指三者或更多中的“都”/“每一个”/“没有一个。both/either/neither两 者 中 都 /任何一个/没有一个”42.计量表达法：数量+单位+形容词。The building is twenty meters tall./The street is forty meterswide.The fi

46、sh is five kilos heavy./This baby is only six months old.若计量表达的后面跟有名词，则要用连字符，单位不用复数。They dug an eight-meter-deep hole./.I bought a1 O-kilo-heavy fish.It s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice./They built a50-meter-wide street.It s a two-month holiday.（此处计量中的形容词long可省略。）43.Must I/May I/Need I？用 法:IMust I?我必须

47、吗？A:Must I finish the work?B:Yes,you must./No,youneedn t.2May I?我可以吗?A:May I go out for a walk now?B:Yes,you can./No,you m ustn t/can t.3N eedI?我有必要吗？A:Need I clean the house?B:Yes,you must./No,youneedn t.44.1iundred/thousand/million/billion:前有具体数字，不 力U s 及 of.否 贝 ll 力 口 s,加 of.如:thousands of trees;

48、many millions of people,nine hundred people,ten thousand students 等。但前若有several,后常不加 s 和 of:several million pounds45.反意疑问句(QT)部分用法:lsomething,nothing,anything,everything作主语，QT主语用it.Something is wrong,isn t it?/Nothing is difficult,is it?21 think Lucy can do well in the exam,can t she?I dont think he

49、 will come here on time,will he?QT要结合think后的从句而定。3 祈使句的QT 一般用will you?而 Let s 用 shall we?Get up now,will you?Don t be noisy,will you?Be quiet,will you?Please don t talk,will you?Let us do it now,will you?Let s do it now,shall we?4There be 句型，QT 主语用 there.There is a man working in the field,isn tther

50、e?There used to be a meeting on Friday,didn tthere?There won t be a movie in the theatre,will there?46.put on,wear,dress,in:Iput on,“穿上 后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。You should put on your coat when you leave.2wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。He alwayswears the yellow sweater in winter./I like wearing beautifulclothes.3 d