初中英语-初中英语被动语态复1.pdf

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1、 初中英语时态总结动词的时态英语共有16种时态，根据近几年曝光的四、六级考卷分析，时态测试重点主要有：完成时态一现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时；进行时态一现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；一般时态。一、一般时态1、一般现在时(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually,often,alwayssometimes,regularly,near,occasional ly,every year,everyweek等连用。例 如：1)The moon moves round the e a rth.2)Mr.Smith tr

2、avels to work by bus every day.(2)在由 after,u n til,before,once,when,even if,incase,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,un I ess等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例 如：1)1 wi11 tel I him the news as soon as I see him.2)I wi11 not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.(3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要

3、发生的动作，这类动词有：be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等。例 如：1)The plane I eaves at three sharp.2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.(4)在由 why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例 如：1)Free tickets wi11 be given to whoever comes firs t.2)You 1 1 probably be in the same train as I am to

4、morrow.2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例 如：W e went to the pictures last night and saw a veryinteresting fiIm.(2)表示过去习惯性动作。例 如：1)He a I ways went to class last.2)I used to do m y homework in the Iibrary.（注意与be used to doing短语的区别）3.一般将来时1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例 如：I shalI gradua

5、te next year.2）几种替代形式：Dbe going to+v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例 如：r m going to buy a house when we ve saved enough money.2）b e to+v表示计划安排要做的事，具 有“必要”的强制性意义。例 如：I am to play tennis th is afternoon.3）be about to+v表示即将发生的事情。例 如：He was about to s ta rt.4)bedueto+v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如：The tra in is due to dep

6、art in ten minutes.5)be on the point/verge of+v-ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如：The baby was on the point of crying when her motherfin a lly came home.二、进行时态1.现在进行时(1)表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now,right now,at themother,for the time being,for the present 等连用。例 如：Don t disturb her.She is reading a newspaper now.（2）表示现阶段经常发生的

7、动作，常与always,cont inual ly,forever,constant Iy 等连用。例 如：My father is forever c ritic iz in g me.（3）表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go,come,I eave,start,a r r iv e,etun 等。例 如：They are Ieaving for Hong Kong next month.（4）有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see,he

8、ar,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,a p p e a r,（表示感觉的词）；hate,love,fear,I ike,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive（表示感情的动词）；be,exist,remain,stay,obtain（表示存在状态的动词）;have,possess,own,contain,be I ong,consist of,form（表示占有与从属的动词）；understand,know,be I i eve,think,doubt,fo rg e t,emembe（表示思考理解的动词）。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行

9、时态。例 如：1）Tom looks pale.What s wrong with him?（look在此为联系动词，意 为“显得，看上去”）2）Tom is Iooking for his books.（look在此为实义动词，意 为“寻找”）2.过去进行时过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always,continual ly,constant Iy 等动词连用。例 如：1）W e were discussing the matter when the headmasterentered.2）Whenever I visite

10、d him,he was always w ritin g at thedesk.3.将来进行时将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例 如：DThis time next day they wi 1 1 be sittin g in the cinema.2）What wi11 you be doing at six tomorrow evening?4.完成进行时（现在、过去、将来）完成进行时是（现在、过去、将来）完成时的强调形式，将放在完成时态部分讲述。三、完成时态完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可

11、分为：1 .现在完成时(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,ju s t连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与fo，since连用)。例 如：1)1 have just f inished my homework.2)Mary has been i11 for three days.(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since,for,during,over 等引导出的短语；副词 al ready,yet,ju s t,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently 等;状语词组 th is w

12、eek(morning,month,year),so fa r,up to now,many times,upto the present 等。例 如：1)1 haven t been there for five years.2)So fa r,she hasn,t enjoyed the summer vacation.3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中：This(That,It)is(was)the firs t(second-)time+定语从句；This(That,It)is(was)the on

13、ly(la s t)+n+定语从句；This(That,It)is(was)+形容词最高级+n+定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例 如：(D This is one of the rarest questions that have everbeen raised at such a meeting.(2)There was a knock at the door.11 was the second timesomeone had interrupted me that evening.2.过

14、去完成时(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例 如：1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5,000bicycles.(2)动 词expect,hope,mean,intend,plan,suppose,wish,want,d e sire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例 如：I had

15、meant to take a good ho Ii day th is year,but Iwasn,t able to get away.另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：1)was/were+to have done s th,例 如：W e were to have come yesterday,but we couldn,t.2)intended(expected,hope,meant,planned,supposed,wished,wanted,desired)+to have done s th,例如:I meant to have told you about i

16、t,but I forgot to doso.(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：Dhardly,scarcely,barely+过去完成时+when+过去时。例 如：Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.2)no sooner+过去完成时+than+过去时。例 如：No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.3)by(the end of)+过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例 如：The experiment had been finished by 4 oJ cloc

17、k yesterdayafternoon.3.将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻招完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by(the time/the end of)+表示将来时间的短语和句子；before(the end of)+表示将来时间的词语或句子；when,a fte r等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例 如：1)By this time tomorrow you wi 1 1 have arrived inShanghai.2)I shalI have finished this composition before

18、 9o clock.3)W hen we get on the raiI way station,the train wi11probably have le ft.4.完成进行时完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例 如：I have been Iooking for m y lost book for three days,butI s till haven,t found i t.(2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例 如

19、：It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week andthe downpour had caused IandsIi des in many pI aces.(3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例 如：By the time you arrive tonight,she wi 1 1 have been typingfor hours.四：时态一致时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是：1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具

20、体情况使用任何时态He says that he Iives in Wuhan.W e hope that there wi11 be many peopIe at your partytoday.Did you hear that B ill f inal ly sold the house?w Yes,but I don,t know who bought i t.”There,s a lot of excitement on the streetThere certa inly is.Do you suppose the astronauts havereturned?2、当主句谓语使用

21、过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态He said he was w ritin g a noveI.The teacher wanted to know when we would fin ish theexperiment.He said his father had been an engineer.3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例 如：The teacher told them since Iight travels faster thansound,Iightning appears to go before thunder.注：在此种情

22、况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。例 如：W e insisted that we do it ourselves.动词的语态语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1）W e use e le c tric ity to run m achines.（主动语态）2)E le c tric ity is

23、 used to run m achines.(被动语态)1 .不能用于被动语态的动词和短语(1)在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如：appear,be I ong,be I ong,die,escape,f a lI,happen,la s t,remain,succeed,occur,come true,take place,consist o f0(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become,contain,cost,f it,have,resemble,suit 也没有被动语态。2.被动语态的时态形式常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种

24、时态形式。表1时?SPAN lang=EN-US 一般时 进行时 完成时现在 am asked am being askedis asked is being askedare asked are being asked过去was be asked was being askedwere be asked were being asked将来 sha 1 1 be asked sha 1 1 have been askedwi11 be asked wi11 have been asked过去 shou I d be asked shou I d have been asked将来 would

25、 be asked would have been asked3.短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例 如：1）So far no correct conclusion has arrived a t.2）AII the rubbish shouId be got rid of.4.“get+-e d分词”的被动语态“get+-e d分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例 如：The boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外，“get+-e d分

26、词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例 如：get dressed（穿衣服）get divorced（离婚）get engaged（订婚）get con fused（迷惑不解）get lo s t（迷路）get washed（洗脸）get married（结婚）5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例 如：1)We showed the v is ito rs our new products.(主动语态)2)The v is ito rs were shown our new

27、 products.(被动语态)3)0ur new products were shown to the v is ito rs.(被动语态)(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例 如：1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)2）He was appointed League secretary.（被动语态）6.被动语态与系表结构的区别（1）The novel was we 1 1 w ritten.（系表结构）（2）The novel was written by Diskens.（被动语态）7

28、.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思例 1 :The book is selling remarkably well.例 2:The song sounds very beaut ifu l.能这样用的动词还有ead（读起来），clean（擦起来），wash（洗起来），w rite（写起来）。例 3：My watch needs cleaning.（=M y watch needs to becleaned）.能像need这样用的动词还有：want,require,deserve,do,owe,bind 等。例 4:The meat is cooking.例 5：The book writte

29、n by the professor is printing.初中英语被动语态复1 初中英语被动语态复习一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用 被、受、给 等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由 助动词be+及物动词的过去分

30、词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：2 被动语态的句式变化,以一般或簿时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：有 定 句否 定 旬I araswitedHtfShe/It is invtelW oi/They are mrted.I am not invitedHe/She/tt is not invikduWefYou/Thqr are not mailed.疑 闻 句荀r回 答育 定 回 答否 定 回 答Ami mviied?15invited?Are yo

31、u invited?Arer w e、invited?L Ihq?jYes,you areCheYw,she.过L JY,Ji am.LwreareY,are.L they JNo.you arent产 No.sheaNo.jTamno!kFearen*LNo.JJreou am ftI they3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词 部分不变。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that tim

32、e.那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石头制造吗？(疑问句)三、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示：1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语：注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him.He was killed by Tom.(2)将动词改为be+过去分词”。注意：They held a meeting yesterday.f A meeting was held bythem yesterday.他们昨天开会了。(3)将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原

33、主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song.A song was sung by hi m.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：含有双宾语，即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told(to)us by Jack.四、下 列 动 词（词组）没有被动式：1.、系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有：be动词.起 来（7

34、 个）：look/seem/appear,feel（感觉，摸起来）,sound,smell,tastee.g.9ie seem appears happy.It smellsterrible.（逐渐）变得/变成：become,grow,get,turn,come,goe.g.His wish has come true.Fteople often went hungry in the old days.The tree is growing tall.保 持：keep,staye.g.We must keep quiet in the reading room.2、happen,take pl

35、ace,break out,belong to,cost,take3、不及物动词 sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。、An accident was happened yesterday.(x)昨天发生了一起事故。An accident happened yesterday.、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。、This book sells well.这本书畅销。()、The kind of cloth washes

36、 w e ll.这种布很容易洗。、The article reads w e ll.这篇文章读起来很好。以 The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning.超市在早上八点钟营业。、The door wont close/shut.这门关不上。、The door locks easily.这门容易锁。O、This material wearswell(won,t w ear).这种材料耐久(不耐久)六、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词d。为例)1.一般现在时(am/is/are+done)English is spoken by lots of peopl

37、e in the world.世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeting is held every Thursday.每周四都举行班会。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.学生们每天都打扫教室。2.一般过去时(was/were+done)The cup was broken by the boy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。He was saved at la s t.他最终获救了。My bike was stolen.我的自行车版扁了。3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/shall be+done;would/shoul

38、d be-Klone)A speech will be given this afternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。Anew road will be built next year.明年要修一条新马路。I thought thousands of people would be helped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/iH are being+done;waHwere being+done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.昨天这时，机器正在被修理。The problem is be

39、ing discussed now.问题正在被讨论。Abus is being pushed by the passengers.路人正在推辆公共汽车。5.现在完成时(have/has been+done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now.至U现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。The book has been read many times by me.这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。6.过去完成时(had been-Kione)They said they had been invited to the party.他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。S

40、he found the house had been destroyed by the storm.她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。He had been tortured by the illnessfor many years beforehe died.他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。被动语态专项练习I单项选择1.Good books again and again.A.should be readed B.should be readC.must read D.ought to read2.The children by the nurse.A.were looked B.looked

41、 after C.werelooked after D.looked3.He some pieces of advice,but he to them.A.gave,didnt listen B.was given,wasnt listenedC.give,wasnt listened D.was given,didnt listen4.When the a c c i d e n t?A.was,happen B.did,happenC.is,happen D.was,happened5.The question by us soon.A.is going to discuss B.will

42、 discussC.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed6.The lab about five years ago.A.was builded B.was built C.builds D.has been built7.A lot of tall buildings in his hometown in the lastthree years.A.have set up B.have beenset upC.were set up D.set up8.They printing 500 copies by the end of last

43、 month.A.had finished B.havefinishedC.had been finished D.have been finished9.Ree also in their hometown.A.is.grown B.is.grew C.was.grew D.was.grown10.He by the teachers.A.is always praised B.praisesC.have been praised D.always is praised11.Great changes place.Many new s c h o o ls .A.have taken,hav

44、e been opened B.take,areopenC.are taken,open D.have beentaken,are opened12.The p i c t u r e in October,1996.A.was taking B.had been taken C.wastaken D.had taken13.We cant use the bridge now,because it.A.has been repaired B.is repairing C.isrepaired D.is being repaired14.I the way to the railway sta

45、tion by a policeman.A.was shown B.showed C.have shownD.was showi ng15.The war in 1941.A.broke out B.had been broken outC.was broken out D.had broken out16.When wat er,it will be changed into vapor（蒸汽）.A.is heated B.heating C.has heated D.heats17.Ne cant enter the room because its door.A.locked B.loc

46、ks C.is locked D.is locking18.They day and night.A.are made work B.are made to workC.made to be worked D.are making to work19.Changan Fbad is of people.A.filled B.fill C.full D.fulled20.Man-made satellites into space by manycountries.A.was sent up B.is sent upC.have been sent up D.has been sent up21

47、.This English song often by the children.A.is,singing B.is,sung C.will,sing D.was,sung22.The windows of our house once a week.A.must clean B.have cleaned C.iscleaned D.are cleaned23.When the Peoples Ftepublic of Ch i n a?A.was,found B.was,founded C.did,found D.does,found24.Marys radio by my brother

48、just now.A.will be mended B.has mended C.wasmended D.mended25.bur exercise books after class.A.will hand in B.must hand inC.handed in D.must be handed in26.Some trees may at other times of the year.A.be planted B.plantC.are planted D.will beplanted27.The sun at night as usual.A.can be seen B.cant se

49、e C.cant beseen D.doesnt see28.Anew English play there next week.A.will put on B.will be putonC.is going to put on D.will be putted on29.A st range thing in our school yesterday.A.was happened B.has beenhappenedC.happened D.was going to happen30.The gl ass.It by little TDITI this morning.A.broke,is

50、broken B.is broken,was brokenC.was broken,broke D.has been broken,brokenII把下列句子改为被动语态1.I saw the boy run yesterday.2.He told me that he would come back soon.3.YDU can find a lot of differences between the twolanguages.4.Do you water your flowers every day?5.The wind blew down the big tree last night