中考英语书面表达《写作必备--句型宝典(初中版)》.pdf
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1、句型宝典疑问句型What is this?结 构:问句:What+b e 动词+this(that)?答 句:This(that)+be 动词+a book(pen)。说 明:此句型意为“这(那)是 什 么?这(那)是 书(钢 笔)what(什 么)叫 做“疑问词”,用于询问“事物”,通常放在句首,后 接 be v 动词,再接 主词,第一个字母w 要大写,句尾要加问号(?),位置不可排错。What is this?This is a c h a ir.这是什么?这是一张椅子。WhatJ s this?ItJ s a book.这是什么?它是一本书。What is that?That is a
2、d e s k.那是什么?那是一张书桌。What are these?结 构:问 句:What are+these/those?答句:These/Those are+复数名词(+s/es)o说 明:主词与动词 的形式要一致,i s 后面接单数 名词a re 后面要接复数 名词What are these?These are books.What are those?Those are cups.What are they?They are glasses.What are you?结 构:问句:What+b e 动词+主词这些是什么?这些是书。那些是什么?那些是茶杯。它们是什么?它们是玻璃杯。
3、(人)?答句:主词+b e 动词+a student。说 明:此句型意为“你是做什么事情的?我是学生”。疑 问 词 w hat除了询问事物之外,还可用于询问“人的职 业或身分”。be v动词,随 人称代名词 的变化而改变形态,如:1am,we are,you are,he is*%What are you?I am a student.你是做什么事情的?我是一 名学生。What is she?She is a teacher.她是做什么事情的?她是一名教师。Are you a.?结 构:问句:B e 动 词(am,are,is)+主词+?肯定简答:Y es,主词+am(are,is)。否定简答
4、:N o,主词+am (are,is)note说 明:在否定 简答句 中,主词和am,is,a re 可以缩写;在肯定 简答句 中则不可。Is he a student?Yes,he is.(No,he isn*t.)他是学生吗?是的,他是。(不,他不是。)Are you a teacher?Yes,I am.(No,IJ m n o t.)你是教师吗?是的,我是。(不,我不是。)Is that a clock?Yes,it is.(No,it isn*t.)那是钟表吗?是的,它是。(不,它不是What is your name?结 构:问句:W hat+is+所有格+name?答句:所有格+
5、nam e+is+名字。说 明:“my,your,his,her”为单数人称的 所有格,;所有格 后面必接 名词,即“所有格+v 名词”;所有格 不 可 与 a,an,this,that,these或 those紧接一起使用。What is your name?My name is Sue.奶:叫什么名字?我的名字叫苏。What is his name?His name is John.他叫什么名字?他的名字叫约翰。What is her name?Her name is Jean.她叫什么名字?她的名字叫珍。Who is that.?结 构:问句:W ho+be动词+that+形容词+名词?
6、答句:That is+名字。说 明:W ho是 疑问代名词,询问人的“姓名”或“关系”;将形容词 直接放在v 名词前面,叫 做“前位修饰”。Who is that short boy?That is Bill.那位矮男孩是谁?那位是比尔。Who is that tall girl?That is Mary.那位高女孩是谁?那位是玛丽。Who is that fat man?He is my u n c le.那位胖男子是谁?那位是我叔叔。Where is.?结 构:问句:Where+b e 动 词(am,are,is)+主词?答句:主词+b e 动词+in the+名词。说 明:问句是“Whe
7、re.?”,筒答时可用 副词片语“In/On the+v名词Where is Sue?She is in her room.苏在那里?她在她的房间里。Where are your books?On the desk.你的书在那里?在书桌上。Where is your mother?She is in the kitchen.你妈吗在哪里?她在厨房里。Are you V-ing.?结 构:Am(Are,Is)+主词+现在分词?说 明:此句型意为“V 主词(人,物)正 在 吗?:这一 句型 转换的三要素是:be动词 移到句首;改为大写;句尾用问号。Is Mary sleeping?玛 丽 在 睡
8、觉 吗?Are you reading a book?你正在看书吗?Is the dog playing?小狗正在玩耍吗?What are you doing?结 构:问句:What+am(are,is)+主词+现在分词?答句:主词+am(are,is)+现在分词。说 明:“v 主词,(人)正在做什么?v 主词(人)正在”。注意:祈使句 的动词只能用原形,不可造 现在进行式;表示“瞬间产生”的动作的 动词片语,,如 sit down,standup,不可造 现在进行式What am I doing?You are reading a book.我正在做什么?你正在阅读本书。What are t
9、he girls doing?They are singing.姑娘们正在做什么?她们在唱歌。What is Bill writing?He is writing a letter.比尔在写什么?他在写一封信。How old are you?结 构:问句:How old+b e 动词+主 词(某 人)?答句:主 词(某 人)+b e 动词+year(s)old。说 明:此句型意为“某人几岁?某人是岁”。该句型中,疑问词 要 用 how,不 可 用 what;且 be v动词(am,is,a re)要和后面的v 主词,(某人)配合;答句中的“year(s)old”可以省略。How old are
10、 you?I am twelve(years old).你几岁?我十二岁。How old is your sister?She is thirteen years old.你的姊妹几岁?她卜三岁。How old is John?He is one year o l d.约翰几岁?他一岁。What time is it?结 构:问句:What time is it?答句:Itis+数字+o clocko说 明:此句型意为“现在是几点钟?现在是点钟”。问 句 中 w hat当 形容词,修饰后面的 名词 time;tim e当时间解时,只能用单数,不可用复数。What time is it?It i
11、s ten o*clock.现在是几点钟?现在是十点钟。What time is it?It is six o*clock.现在是几点钟?现在是六点钟。What time is it?It is nine o*clock.现在是几点钟?现在是九点钟。Do you+V.?结 构:问句:Do/Does+主词+原形动词?肯定简答:Y es,主词+do/does。否定简答:N o,主词+don t/doesn t。说 明:肯定句中,如有一般v 动词(speak,work,teach),则在句首加v 助动词 d o或does,并将一般 动词 改为原形 动词(不 加s或es),即构成 疑 问 句 Do y
12、ou speak English?Yes,I do.(No,I dont.)你讲英语吗?是的,我讲英语。(不,我不讲英语。)Does she have a cat?Yes,she does.(No,she doesnt.)她有一只猫吗?是的,她有一只猫。(不,她没有一只猫。)Do they work in office?Yes,they do.(No,they dont.)他们在办公室里工作吗?是的,他们在办公室里工作。(不,他们不在办公室里工作。)What time do you+V.?结 构:问 句:Whattime+do/does+主词+原形动词?答句:主 词(某人)+一般动词+时间。说
13、 明:此句型意为“某人几点做某事?助动词d o或does的选择依 主词,而定,若v主词 为第三人称单数,用does;其 它 用dooWhat time do you get up?I usually get up at s i x.你儿点起床?我通常六点起床。What time does he go to bed?He usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝?他通常十点就寝。What time does your class begin?It begins at eight-ten.你的课儿点开始?八点十分开始。What day is today?结 构:问 句:Wh
14、at day is today?答句:It s+Sunday/Monday/(说 明:此句型意为“今天是星期几?今天是星期日/星期 一/。”i t可 用 于 指“星期的名称,但this或th at不可以;一星期七天的名称,都是v 专有名词,开头的首字母要大写,前面不加 冠词。What day is today?ItJ s Sunday.今天是星期几?今天是星期日。What day is today?It,s Wednesday.今天是星期几?今天是星期三。What day is today?It*s Saturday.今天是星期几?今天是星期六。How many N are there.结 构
15、:问句:How many+复数名词+arethere in/on+名词?答句:There is/are+单 数(复数)名词+in/o n+名词。说 明:此句型意为“在某处有多少?在某处有J该句型中,m any修饰复数 名词;又因本句型是 疑问句,,故 用are th ere,不 可 用there are。How many seasons are there in a year?There are four seasons in a year.一年有几个季节?一年有四季。How many days are there in a week?There are seven days in a wee
16、k.一星期有几天?一星期有七天。How many lessons are there in this book?There are twelve lessons in this book.这本书里有几课?这本书里有十二课。How many.do you have?结 构:问句:How many+复数名词+do/does+主词+have?答句:主词+have/has 卜复数名词T。答句:主词+don t/doesn t have+复数名词。说 明:“How many”后面接复数v 可数名词,复数v 名词 的前面可用many,a lot of,a few,some,few,any,no 等修饰。H
17、ow many books do you have?I have a lot of books.(I dont have any books.)你有几本书?我有许多书。(我没有书。)How many sweaters do you have?I have three sweaters.(I dont have any sweaters.)你有几件毛衣?我有三件毛衣。(我没有毛衣。)How many friends does she have?She has a lot of friends.(She doesnt have many friends.)她有几个朋友?她有许多朋友。(她没有许多朋
18、友。)How much.do you have?结 构:问句:How much+单数不可数名词+do/does+主词+have?答句:主词+have/has+单数不可数名词。答句:主词+don t/doesn t have+单数不可数名词。说 明:“How much”后面接单数v 不可数名词,单数 不可数名词前面可用much,a little,some,little,any,no 等修饰。How much tea does he have?He has a lot of tea.(He doesnt have any tea.)他有多少茶?他有很多茶。(他没有茶。)How much homew
19、ork do they have?They have a lot of homework.(They don t have muchhom ework.)他们有多少家庭作业?他们有许多家庭作业。(他们没有许多家庭作业。)How much fruit do they have?They have a lot of fruit.(They dont have a lot of fruit.)他们有多少水果?他们有许多水果。(他们没有许多水果。)How much do(es).cost?结 构:How much do(es)+某物+cost?说 明:此句型意为“某物值多少钱?how m uch用来询
20、问商品的价格。还可以写作:“Howmuch+be v动词+某物?How much does this computer cost?(=How much is this computer?)这部电脑值多少钱?How much do the vegetables cost?这些蔬菜值多少钱?How much do the movie tickets cost?这些电影票值多少钱?Did.V.结 构:Did+主词+原形动词+过去时间?说 明:将肯定句中的过去式改为“D id+原形 动词 ,并 将 D id 放在句首,句尾用问号,即构成过去式的 疑问句。Did he clean the room ye
21、sterday?他昨天打扫房间吗?Did she wash the skirt yesterday?她昨天洗这裙子吗?Did your brother play in the park this morning?你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗?Did he eat lunch yesterday?他昨天吃午饭吗?Did you see any elephants in由 e zoo last w e e k?上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗?Did Sue have her breakfast at eight?苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗?Do you ever+V.?结 构:问句:Do/Does+主词
22、+ever+原形动词?答句:N o,主词+never+一般 动 词(加 s 或 e s)。说 明:ever通常用于 疑问句,never通常用于否定回答;never也可放在句首,后接原形 动词,形成否定 祈使句,,如例句4oDo you ever use a computer?No,I never use a computer.你曾经使用电脑吗?不,我未曾使用过电脑。Does Tom ever get up late?No,Tom never gets up late.汤姆曾经晚起床吗?不,汤姆未曾晚起床过。Does Sally ever play the piano?No,Sally neve
23、r plays the piano.萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗?不,萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。Never be late for school,B i l l.比尔,上学绝不可迟到。What year was he born in?结 构:What date/year+was/were+主词+born+on/in?说 明:此句型意为“你出生于几月几日(那一年)?:bom 是 原形动词b ear的过去v分词,,在文法上当 形容词,,前面常有w as或 were;中文说“某人出生。英语应说:“某人+was/were bomWhat year were you born in?你出生于那一年?What date wa
24、s your mother born o n?你母亲出生于几月几日?What month was your sister born in?你妹妹出生于几月?What will you do on.?结 构:What will/did+主词+d o+o n+时间?说 明:此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什么?(未来式)某人在某时做了什么事?(过去式”指特定的日期(如几月几日)、星期几或星期几的早上(下午,晚上),要用介系词on。What will you do on TeacherT s D a y?你在教师节将做什么事?What will they do on Christinas E v e?他
25、们在圣诞夜将做什么事?What will Helen do on her birthday?海伦在她生日那天将做什么事?What did John do on New Year,s D a y?约翰在元旦做了什么事?What did Mary do on Youth D a y?玛丽在青年节做了什么事?What did the suspect do on July n in th?嫌疑犯在七月九I I做了什么事情?How do you+V.?结 构:问句:How+do+主词+一般动闻?答句:主词+一般动词+情状副词。说 明:H ow 是问情况的V 疑问副词,,表 示“怎样?:用 于 说 明“状
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