【课件】Unit+1+Discover+useful+structures+定语从句人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册.pptx

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1、GrammarThe Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive ClauseReview：a a beautifulbeautiful girlgirl在这里，在这里，beautiful是一个形容词，形容词来修饰名词、代词，做定语。是一个形容词，形容词来修饰名词、代词，做定语。当定语是一个句子时，我们称它为定语从句，定语从句的当定语是一个句子时，我们称它为定语从句，定语从句的作用类似于形容词的作用，用来修饰名词、代词，但是名作用类似于形容词的作用，用来修饰名词、代词，但是名词位置在前面，定语从句在后面，此时名词称为先行词词位置在前面，定语从句在后面

2、，此时名词称为先行词.定语？定语？当定语是一个句子时，我们称它为定语从句，定语从句的作用类似当定语是一个句子时，我们称它为定语从句，定语从句的作用类似于形容词的作用，用来修饰名词、代词，但是名词位置在前面，定于形容词的作用，用来修饰名词、代词，但是名词位置在前面，定语从句在后面，此时名词称为先行词，语从句在后面，此时名词称为先行词，定语从句？定语从句？The beautifulThe beautiful girlgirl (who has red hair)(who has red hair)is Lucy.is Lucy.先行词先行词 定语从句定语从句The man who is ridin

3、g a horse is Tang Monk.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句who关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词that which who whom whose aswhere when why关系词的作用：关系词的作用：引导作用引导作用(引导定语从句引导定语从句)替代作用替代作用(替代先行词替代先行词)在定语从句中担当成分在定语从句中担当成分先行词先行词在从句中所作成分在从句中所作成分关系代词关系代词人人主主宾宾定定物物主主宾宾定定先行词先行词在从句中所作成分在从句中所作成分关系副词关系副词时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语 地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语 reason原因状语

4、原因状语who/thatwho/whom/that/省略省略whose(=of whom)that/whichthat/which/省略省略whose(=of which)whywhenwhere=介词介词+which1.判断句子是否为定语从句2.划出先行词3.将先行词代入从句，看它在从句中所担任的成分4.根据先行词在从句中所作成分，得出关系词关系词的确定1.Thatistheboy_motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse_theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Wedontknowthenumberofpeople_lo

5、sttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.Illneverforgettheday_(=_which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_(=_which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_(=_which)hegotworriedwasthis.whenonwhereinwhyfor区分区分that和和which1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetal

6、lesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?thatthatthatthatthatthat只能用只能用that，不能用，不能用which的情况的情况先行词先行词既有人，又有物既有人，又有物时。时。先行词被先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用修饰时，只

7、用that。先行词有先行词有theonly，thevery，thejust,theright等修饰时，只用等修饰时，只用that。不不定定代代词词，如如something,anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little,none等作先行词时，只用等作先行词时，只用that，不用，不用which。当主句是以当主句是以who或或which开头的特殊疑问句时，用开头的特殊疑问句时，用that以避免重复。以避免重复。区分区分that和和which只用只用which而不用而不用that的情况的情况非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只用只用which而

8、不能用而不能用that。Hewroteabook_isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句Hewroteabook,_isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句在在介词提前介词提前的定语从句中，只用的定语从句中，只用which而不用而不用that。Thisistheplacein_LuXunusedtolive.which/thatwhichwhich关系代词关系代词whose的用法的用法1)Achild_parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(孤儿孤儿)2)Theyliveinahous

9、e,_windowsfacesouth.whose在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“的”，whose+名词可换作 the+名词+ofwhom/which。whosewhoseTheyliveinahouse,thewindows_facesouth.Theyliveinahouse,_thewindowsfacesouth.ofwhichofwhich关系副词关系副词抽象地点名词抽象地点名词+关系副词关系副词where当先行词是当先行词是case,area,stage,degree,point,situation,atmosphere，environment,condition,race等抽象

10、地点名词时。等抽象地点名词时。1)Theyhavereachedthepoint_theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.2)Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment_theylive.3)Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.wherewherewhereu介词+关系代词（whom,which）引导的定语从句1.介词后关系代词的选择：指人用whom,指物用指物用which1)Thisistheschoolin_youwillstud

11、y.2)Ihavenomoneywith_Icanbuyadictionary.3)Thisistheteacherfrom_youlllearnEnglish.4)Thegentlemanabout_youtoldmejustnowprovedtobeathief.whichwhichwhomwhom2.如何确定关系代词前的介词？1.1.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1)Iwillneverforgettheday_whichIjoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgettheyear_whichmysonwenttocollege.3)Iwillneverforg

12、ettheschool_whichIstudied.4)Hecametoafarm,_whichhefinallysettled(安顿安顿).onininon关系副词2.2.与与从句中谓语谓语动词、形容词的搭配的固定搭配的固定搭配1)Haveyoufoundthebook_whichIpaid$29?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_whichIspent$29?3)Doyouknowtheman_whomsheoftentalks?4)TheWestLake,_whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.foronaboutfor1)Air,_w

13、hichmancantlive,isreallyimportant.空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。2)Thisistheman_whommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。withoutwith3.根据句子的意思来确定关系副词关系副词3.3.关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词和关系副词的区别1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.4.

14、Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.when(which)where(which/that)why(which/that)1.要看先行词是人还是物2.要看先行词在从句中所担任的成分3.先行词不会在从句中出现，包括其指代4.当先行词在从句中做宾语时，关系词可以省略关系词的确定1.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom2.Hisglasse

15、s,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that3.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhomBCDPRACTICE MAKES PERFECTu代词/名词/数词/形容词最高级/介词短语+of+关系代词1.Theylivedinatallbuilding,infrontofstoodabigtree.2.Therearemorethan50stude

16、ntsinmyclass,26ofaregirls.3.Hisfamilymembersdontlikethesecond-handcar,thepriceofisveryhigh.4.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothofarebeingbuilt,willopennextyear.5.WhenwesternpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofChina,thefirstofcomestotheirmindsisBeijing.whichwhomwhichwhichwhichu介词+whose+名词1.IwishtothankprofessorSm

17、ith,withouthelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.2.TheDragonTower,fromtopvisitorscanenjoyagoodsightofHarbin,attractshundredsoftouristseveryday.whosewhoseNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClausePart02Underline the attributive clauses and name the two types of clauses1.They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatmen

18、ts that showed promise in the fight against the disease.2.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.3.Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.4.Later,the medicine was tested on mala

19、ria patients,most of whom recovered.Restrictive Attributive ClauseNon-Restrictive Attributive Clause12 3 4定语从句就其与先行词的关系可分为限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句就其与先行词的关系可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。性定语从句。non-restrictive relative clauses一、形式不同一、形式不同限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，其间通常限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，其间通常不用逗号隔不用逗号隔开开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词关系不密切，非限制性定语从句与其

20、先行词关系不密切，常用逗号隔常用逗号隔开开。如：。如：Shehatespeoplewholikesmoking.MyhometownisBeijing,which is the capital of China.如：如：Shehatespeoplewholikesmoking.MyhometownisBeijing,which is the capital of China.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明附加说明，去掉之后，意思明确，与主句通常用“，”隔开，把非限制性定语从句放在句子中，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉之后，主句意思不明确。先行词不唯一，

21、缩小范围，限定。先行词唯一，没必要限定，为附加说明。二、作用不同二、作用不同三、先行词不同三、先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词,也可以是主句的一部分或也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句。如：整个主句。如：Ihaveadog,whichisblack.（先行词为（先行词为dog）Chineseisveryimportant,whichmeansyouhavetolearnitwell.（先行词为整个主句）（先行词为整个主句）限制性定从限制性定从关代:that,

22、which,who,whom,as 关副:when,where,why=介词+which关形:whose=of which,of whom_非限制性定从非限制性定从关代:that,which,who,whom,as 关副:when,where,why=介词+which关形:whose=of which,of whomfor which四、关系词不同限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上意义上作用上翻译上关系词无逗号有逗号去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确 去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚修饰限定只修饰一个名词或代词补充说明可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子译为“的”常译成与主句并列的句子作宾语时可省略关系

23、词一般不可省略不能用that,why引导The differencesSummary【拓展拓展】无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，只要关系词在从句中作定语，都用只要关系词在从句中作定语，都用whose引导。引导。如：如：Iliketheteacherwhoseclassesareveryinterestingandlively.Edward,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.关系副词或关系副词或“介词介词+which/whom”可引导限制性定语从可引导限制性定语从句，也引导非限制性

24、定语从句。如：句，也引导非限制性定语从句。如：Hewasbornintheyearwhen/inwhichthewarbrokeout.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,where/inwhichmygrandparentslive.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)Theforeignguests,_(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof_(which/that)Iliketor

25、ead.3)Isthereanyoneinyourclass_(which/whose)familyisinthecity?4)Football,_(which/that)isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whowhichwhosewhich5)ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeMissZhang,_(that/whom)theyrespectgreatly.6)TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,_(which/where)theysawthegreatshow.7)Theweathe

26、rturnedouttobeverygood,_(which/that)wasmorethanIhadexpected.8)Thereare50studentsinourclass,halfof_(whom/who)aregirls.whomwherewhichwhom1.As everyone knows,China is the largest developing country in the world.2.2.He forgot to bring his pen with him yesterday,as we expected.3.He said that he had never

27、 seen him before,which was obviously not true.4.He changed his mind,which made me quite angry.asas引导非限制性定语从句，译为引导非限制性定语从句，译为“”。常置于常置于 ，也可置于，也可置于句中句中。正如，就像句首whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句，常指代前面引导非限制性定语从句，常指代前面整个句子整个句子，只能放在先行词只能放在先行词 翻译成翻译成 。这翻翻译句子句子 比比较as/which引引导非限制性定非限制性定语从句的用法从句的用法正如每个人都知道的，中国是最大的发展中国家。他昨天忘

28、带笔了，正如我们预料的那样。他说他以前没有见过他，这明显不是真的他改变了主意，这让我很生气。后as as 常见搭配常见搭配n nas is known to all；nas you know nas is expected nas we expected nas has been mentioned aboven as is reported/saidn众所周知众所周知n正如你所知道的那正如你所知道的那样n正如所正如所预料的那料的那样 n正如我正如我们所期待的所期待的n正如上面所提到的正如上面所提到的 n正如正如报道道/所所说的那的那样1.By boat is the only way to

29、get here,_ is how we arrived.2._ he writes in his new book,A Long Way Home,Brierley couldnt help but wonder about his hometown back in India.3.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,_ my classmates recommend to me.4.The number of smokers,_is reported,has dropped by 17 percent

30、 in just one year.5.Until now,we have raised 5000 pounds for the poor children,_ is quite unexpected.6.I had told them the reason,_ I didnt attend the meeting.which Aswhichaswhichthat 和和 why 不可引不可引导非限制性定非限制性定语从句。从句。for whichTask1Task17.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factor

31、s,most of are beyond our control.8.The Science Museum,we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of Londons tourist attractions.9.This is Tom,with I went to the library yesterday.10.This is Tom,from father I learned a lot.11.left on Sunday,everyone was at home.12.Opposite is St.Pauls Church,y

32、ou can hear some lovely music.whichwhichwhomwhosewhen/on whichwhere/in whichTask2Task21.These apple trees have not produced any fruits.I planted them three years ago._ .2.The lazy boy got the highest score in the test.It surprised me._3.The students in our class want to improve their Maths.Many of t

33、hem are not bad at Maths._ _4.The school has a history of 117 years.I studied for 6 years there.将两个句子合并成非限制性定语从句将两个句子合并成非限制性定语从句These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not produced any fruits.The lazy boy got the highest score in the test,which surprised me.The students in our class,many of whom are not bad at Maths,want to improve their Maths.The school,where I studied for 6 years,has a history of 117 years.