2022年中考英语辨析系列---(11)动词与时态易错点精析.pdf
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1、动词与时态易错点精析332 accept 和 receive1 accept意为“接受,承认”。I cant accept your suggestion.我不能接受你的建议。We accept her as the best student in the class.我们承认她是班里最好的学生。This theory is widely accepted.这个理论被广泛接受了。She accepted that she was wrong.她承认她错了。Please accept my apologies.请接受我的歉意。2receive意为“收到,接到“。Ive just received
2、 her letter.我刚刚收到她的信。Children inourcountryreceivegoodeducation.我国的儿童受到 良好的教育。He received a warm welcome from theworkers.他受至工人们的热烈欢迎。3accept的含义与receive不同。accept表示“接受”,指经过考虑,主观上愿意接受或不愿意接受某物。receive表示“接到”,指客观地收到某物这一事实,并不表示是否愿意接受,即:receive(收到的东西)并不一定accept(接受)。提示accept与 receive均为非延续性动词,不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。1I
3、 have received her letter for a week.(误)1 received her letter a week ago.(正)我收到她的信已有一周了。Its a week since I received her letter.(IE)333 ache 和 pain1 ache指人身体局部或全身的持续性的疼痛,隐痛。His head ached all night.他整夜头疼。The old lady has an ache in her heart.这位老太太心 口痛。2pain指由于疾病或伤害而产生的疼痛,也指极度的痛苦。He couldnt bear the p
4、ain any more.她疼得受不 了。cdid vas cring wih poln.这女孩容得直 She complained of severe pain inher chest.她自诉胸部剧痛。提示headache 头痛,stomachache 胃痛,toothache 牙334 achieve,gain 和 get1 achieve指经过努力获得成功,实现目标、目的。They have achieved great victory.他们取得了 伟大胜利。He has achieved his aim.他达到了目的。2gain通常指得到某种利益、收益、好处。His honesty g
5、ained our respect.他的诚实赢得了我们的尊敬。She gained the first prize in the game.她在比赛中获得了 一等奖。Sam has gained much experience in the work.山姆在工作中获得了 许多2经验。3get为常用词,指以某种方式、方法、手段得到。He got a good score in the test.他在考试中得了 高分。I got little for a hard days work.我辛辛苦苦干一天挣不了几个钱。The peasants have got a good crop.农民彳门获得了丰
6、4攵。335 address 和 speak to1 address可指直接对人或听众“讲话”,也可指用书信形式对人”讲话,演讲”。The headmaster addressed the whole school.校长向全校讲话。He addressed himself to the crowd.他向听众讲话。2speak to指口头上“向.讲话Can I speak to the director?我可以同主任讲话吗?The manager wont even speak to us.经理甚至不和我们讲话。336agree to,agree with 和 agree on/uponlagr
7、ee to sth.表示“同意,赞成“对方提出的建议、计划、要求等。He agreed to the plan.他同意这项计划。She doesnt agree to this arrangement.她不同意这项安排。Jack agreed to lend me some money.杰克同意借一些钱给我。2agree with表示“同意,赞成”某人,或同意某个看法、意见、问题。All of us agree with her opinions.我们大家都同意她的意见。The two brothers dont quite agree with oneanother.这兄弟俩意见不太致。3H
8、e doesnt agree with her on the matter.关于那件事他不同意她的观点。3 agree with还可表示“与.一致,与.相符Your story doesnt agree with what the police have told us.你的叙述和警察告诉我们的不一致。4agree on/upon sth.表示“对.取得一致意见”,指参加协商的人或单位经过商定后,对某个问题达成一致意见或具有相同看法。They haveagreed on the date for the nextmeeting.他们已就下次会议达成了协议。They couldnt agree
9、upon the price.他们对于价格不能取得一致意见。337 agriculture 和 farminglagriculture意为“农业”、也可表示农艺、农学,一般用语。Agriculture plays an important role in our national economy.农业在我们的国民经济中发挥着重要作用。She studies agriculture.她研究农业。2 farming指从事农业生产劳动或耕作。The ground is not very good forfarming.这土地不太适合耕种。Farming has changed the life of
10、 our humans.农业生产改变了我们人类的生活。338 arrive,get to 和 reach1 arrive是不及物动词,意为“到达”,“到达某地”要说“arrive at+小地点”,如邮局、学校、车站;“arrive in+大地点”,如地区、城市、国家。arrive后不可直接跟名词,但可直接跟副词,如:arrive home(到家),arrive here(到达这里),arrive there(到达那里)。4They arrived at the village last night.他们昨天夜里至(J达了那个村庄。They arrived in Nanjing yesterda
11、y.他们昨天到达南京。(不可说 arriveNanjing)Has he arrived home yet?他到家 了吗?(不可说 arrive at home)2 get作“到达”解时,为不及物动词,同to连用,较口语化,getto+地点名词 为正确结构,但同副词连用时一,不可用to,如:get home(到家),get here(到这里)。They will get to Shanghai next week.他们将在下周到达上海。We shall go to see her as soon as she getshome.她一到家我们就去看她。3reach意为“到达”,是及物动词,其后直
12、接跟宾语。They reached the top of the mountain at last.(正)他们最终到达了 山顶。They reached at the top of the mountain at last.(误)提示arrive at/in,get to和 reach常可换用,但要注意搭配不同。2arrive,get to 和 reach均为非延续性动词,不可同表示一段时间的状语连用。339 ask 和 pleaselask用作及物动词,表示“要求,请求”时,常用于ask sb.to do sth.结构,也可接名词;ask表示“问”时,可接双宾语或简单宾语。She asked
13、 me to send Jim an email.她要我为吉姆发一个电子邮件。Sam asked me afavour.山姆请我帮个忙。Jerry was too scared to ask herout.杰里没有勇气邀请她出去。5If you need anything,you only have to ask.你需要什么,只需提出来就行。2please表示“请,好,行,好吗”等时是语气词,用于语气委婉的祈使句中,常置于句首或句尾,也可置于句中;please位于句尾时,常用逗号隔开。Please close the window.请把窗户关上。Hand me the book,please.
14、请把那本书递给我。Would I have your name,please?请问尊姓大名?“Wouldyoulike some more?”Yes,please.你要再来一些吗?“好的,谢谢。”340 ask 和 questionlask表示询问,为一般常用语。She asked me the time.她向我询问时间。“Which is better?he asked.“哪个更好?”他问道。I asked him whether he liked the film or not.我问他是否喜欢那部电影。2 question表示问一连串的问题,或询问、讯问,还表示“对.提出疑问”,为较正式用
15、词。The teacher questioned Jack until he told all he knew.老师问杰克直到他把所知道的一切都讲出来为止。I would never guestion her honesty.我决不会怀疑她的诚实。341 ask,ask for 和 ask sb.for61表示“询问”时,只能用a sk,不可用askfor。比较She asked for the price of the eggs.(误)She asked the price of the eggs.(正)她询问鸡蛋的价格。2ask可以跟双宾语,结构为:ask sb.+sth.ask sth.
16、of sb.I asked some questions to her(误)(不可说 ask sth.to sb.)I asked her some questions.(iE)I asked some questions of her.(正)我向她提了 几个问题。3ask for sb.意为“要见某人。Someone at the door is asking for you.门 口 有人要见你。Did anyone ask for me?有人来找过我吗?4 ask for sth.意为“要”,其宾语可以是具体事物或抽象事物。而ask的宾语多为抽象事物,如ad vice,favour,hel
17、p等。She asked me for my telephone number.她要我的电话号码。He asked for some water.他要些水。(不可用 ask)He asked for your address.他要你的地址。(不可用 ask)He asked for some money.他要些钱。(不可用 ask)She asked his advice.她征求他的意见。(可用ask for)He asked a favour of me.他请求我帮忙。(可用 ask for)She asked help.她请求帮助。(可用 ask for)7提示ask后可接从句,从句的谓语
18、动词要用shall,should或用动词原形。I ask that she should come.我要她来。342 be动词初中学生说话造句容易丢失的一种动词英语句子的语法结构较为严谨,除非是省略句,否则句子中必须有主要成分,即主语和谓语动词,然后才是其他成分。而在汉语中,有些句子只有主语,却没有谓语动词,然后就跟着形容词、名词、介词短语 等。比如:”这本书很好。”“他 忙。”“谁在房间里?”“她幸福。”等。这类句子都找不出明显的谓语动词,这在汉语中是正确句式,但如果照葫芦画瓢地译成英语,一定是病句。上面的句子如果译成“Thebookvery good.,HtHe busy.“Who in
19、the room?“Shehappy.”就全错了。在英语 中,形容词、名 词、介词短语等不能单独用作谓语,前 面 要 加be动词(当然也可能是其他动词),才是正确的句子。上面的句子应译为:The book is very good.He is busy.Who is in the room?She is happy.343 be等连系动词的使用要点连系动词是英语动词中的一种,指那些能跟形容词作表语的动词,有些连系动词也可跟名词作表语,结构为:连系动词+形 容 词/名 词,一起构成谓语。初中英语中应掌握的连系动词有:be,fall(变得),8feel(感觉),look(看上去),become(成
20、为,变得),go(变得),get(变得),grow(变得),keep(保 持),turn(变得),seem(似乎,好像)等。He is honest.他诚实。She has fallen asleep.她睡着了。He feels better.他感觉好些了。Jack looks much older than Jim.杰克看上去比吉姆年龄大得多。It becomes colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。The fish went bad.鱼变味了。He has gone blind.他失明了。She got tired after a whole days work.工作一
21、天后她累了。He got rich.他富 了。She grew old.她老了。Leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天树叶变黄。Her hair has turned grey.她的头发已灰白 T It seems cold today.今天好像很冷。He seems interested in the book.他好像对这本书很感兴趣。She seems a very clever girl.她似乎是一个非常聪明的姑娘。The children kept quiet.(正)孩子们很安静。The children kept quietly.(误)(连系动词后不可用副词)
22、She seems angry.(正)她似乎生气了。She seems angrily.(误)(连系动词后不可用副词)9比较go强调人或事物的情况变坏;grow表示逐渐变成新的状态,turn强调成为与原来完全不同的状态;become表示变化过程的完成,get只表示变化,较口语化,可替代其他几个词。344 bear,stand 和 put up with1 bear意为“忍受”,为常用词,宾语通常是苦难、饥饿、寒冷、疼痛、不幸等。She bore the pain bravely.她勇敢地忍着疼痛。We were shott of coal and had to beat the severe
23、cold.我们缺煤,只得忍受极度的寒冷。That is more than he can bear.那是他不能忍受的。2 stand表示“忍受,忍耐 时,含有被动和不随意性。stand不是出于自己的意志,而 bear则是出于自己的意志。I cant stand being kept waiting.让我等着,我可不干。My father couldnt stand this hot weather.我父亲受不了 这么热的天气。3put up with多用于口语和较小的事情,表示“忍受,容忍”,有”不计较,宽恕”的含义,常同cant或 couldnt连用。I cant put up with t
24、his noise.我受不了这喧闹声。We dont know how she put up with him.我们不知道她怎么能受得了他。345 beat 和 winioIbeat表示“击败”,宾语必须是表示人、集体或游戏的名词,意为“击败,打败,打破”。They beat him at last.他们最后打败了 他。Our team beat them by thescore 2 to 1.我们队以二比一击败了他们。We beat Class Two.我们打败了 二班。She beat the world record in the high jump.她打破 了跳高的世界纪录。2 win
25、表示“赢得,获胜”,宾语为比赛、竞赛、奖品、战争等。They have won the match/game.他们赢了 这场比赛。Who won the war?谁赢了那场战争?Slow and steady wins the race.欲速贝U 不达。346 beat,hit,knock,pat,tap 和 strikeIb eat意为“打,敲打”,表示连续击打,是一种有意的动作;beat还表示“(脉搏、心脏)跳动”。The man beat the boy with a stick.那男人用棍子打男孩。The waves beat against the rocks.海浪击打着岩石。She
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