大学英语A1阅读理解.pdf

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1、大学英语Al一、阅读理解1、Castles were brought to Britain by William the Conqueror,when he invaded England in 1066from his homeland in France.One of the most powerful ways for William to take control of his newkingdom,which included England,Scotland and Wales,was to have castles built throughout the land.At fir

2、st,he ordered the construction of very simple castles,called motte and bailey castles.These early castles consisted of an earthen mound,topped by a tower built of wood.The baileywas a large area of land enclosed by a shorter fence.Inside the bailey were the main activities of thecastle,such as works

3、hops,stables and livestock,household activities,etc.,while the tower on themotte was used as the lords residence and as an observation post.Before long,the earthen castleswere replaced by the stone castles,which were much sturdier,did not rot like wood,and also weremuch more able to withstand any at

4、tack by an invader.From the 11th to 13th centuries the stone castles were booming.They were not just used by theking.Most castles,in fact,were granted by a king to their most loyal knights or barons who foughtbravely in battle and supported their king.The king,starting with William the Conqueror,gav

5、e hisloyal knights vast estates and permission to build castles.In return,he expected these men to controltheir lands as the kings representative,to keep the local population from rebelling,and to force themto work and pay rent to the lord,who then passed it onto the king.These knights and barons bu

6、iltcastles almost everywhere in Britain,served to strike fear into the local peoples,and to symbolizetheir power and wealth.By the 15th century the stone castles began declining.For the one thing,military necessitychanged in Great Britain.There was less emphasis placed on defense and more on comfort

7、.Earlierstone houses were gradually modified,or abandoned completely and replaced by great houses of aricher and more relaxed style.The development of firearms and the increasing use of gunpowder,forthe other one,also ended the castles*endurance.Despite their decline,many wealthy families of the 18t

8、h and 19th centuries fed their passions bynaming their newly built houses,“castle.This ill-informed romanticism had its valuable side,whicheventually led to concerted efforts to preserve and restore many ruined castles.Even today,centuries after they were active in British history,the castles of Bri

9、tain haveestablished themselves firmly in the national and international mindset.Castles have demonstrated notonly the exchanges of the majesty,power and wealth of their noble builders,but also the rise and setof British Empire.、T h e c a s t l e s o r i g i n a t e d f r o m .A：Fr a n c eB：En g l a

10、 n dC:S c o t l a n dD：W a l e s答案：A、Ac c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t,“m o t t c”(Pa r a.1)r e f e r s to.A：a n e a r t h e n m o u n dB：a w o o d e n t o w e rC:a s h o r t e r f e n c eD：a 1a r g e r a r e a答案：A、Fr o m t h e 11t h t o 13t h c e n t u r i e s,c a s t l e s w e r e b o o m i n g b

11、 e c a u s e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g r e a s o n s EX CEPTA：a g i f tB：a f o r c e m e a n sC：a s y m b o lD：a t o u r i s t a t t r a c t i o n答案：D(4)W h a t c a u s e d t h e d e c l i n e o f t h e c a s t l e s?A:T h e y a r e t o o e x p e n s i v e.B：T h e y a r e r u i n e d b e c a u s e

12、 o f f i g h t i n g.C：T h e y a r e l e s s c o m f o r t a b l e.D：It t o o k m u c h t i m e t o b u i l d t h e m.答案：c(5)、W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e?A:Pe o p l e d o e s n t l i k e t h e c a s t l e s a n y m o r e.B：M u c h m o r e n e w c a s t l e s a r e b e i n g b u

13、 i l t.C：T h e c a s t l e s a r e t h e m o s t f a m o u s b u i l d i n g s i n Br i t a i n.D：T h e c a s t l e s s t i l l h a v e t h e i r r e p u t a t i o n i n t h e w o r l d.答案：D2、In t h e p a s t,o p e r a t i o n s w e r e d i f f i c u l t.U n t i l t h e m i d d l e o f t h e e i g h

14、 t e e n f i f t i e s,s u r g e r y w a s v e r y d a n g e r o u s.M a n y p a t i e n t s d i e d a f t e r e v e n t h e s m a l l e s t o p e r a t i o n s.T h i sw a s b e c a u s e b a c t e r i a e n t e r e d t h e c u t s i n t h e p a t i e n t s b o d i e s a n d s t a r t e d i n f e c

15、t i o n.Ins o m e c o u n t r i e s,u p t o 90 p e r c e n t o f p a t i e n t s d i e d f r o m i n f e c t i o n a f t e r o p e r a t i o n s.In 1865,h o w e v e r,Jo s e p h Li s t e r,a Br i t i s h s u r g e o n,f o u n d a n a n s w e r t o t h e p r o b l e m.He u s e d a n“a n t i s e p t i

16、 c”(消 毒 剂)d u r i n g a n d a f t e r o p e r a t i o n s.T h i s k i l l e d t h e d a n g e r o u s b a c t e r i a a n dm o s t o f h i s p a t i e n t s l i v e d.S i n c e t h e n,s u r g e o n s h a v e u s e d a n t i s e p t i c s i n a l l o p e r a t i o n s.S u r g e r y h a s d e v e l o

17、 p e d i n m a n y i m p o r t a n t w a y s s i n c e t h e d a y o f Jo s e p h Li s t e r.T o d a y,w h e n p a t i e n t s g o t o h o s p i t a l f o r a n o p e r a t i o n,t h e y c a n e x p e c t t h e b e s t t r e a t m e n t,i n c l e a na n d h y g i e n i c (消 毒,卫 生 的)c o n d i t i o n

18、 s.、Op e r a t i o n s w e r e d i f f i c u l t a n d d a n g e r o u s u n t i l.A：1850B：t h e m i d d l e o f 1860sC:t h e m i d d l e o f t h e f i f t i e s o f t h e e i g h t e e n t h c e n t u r yD:t h e m i d d l e o f t h e f i f t i e s o f t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y答案：B(2)、

19、In t h e p a s s a g e,s u r g e r y m e a n s.A:t h e p e r f o r m i n g o f a n o p e r a t i o nB:c u r eC：t r e a t m e n tD：m e d i c i n e答案：A、T n t h e p a s t,u p t o 90 p e r c e n t o f p a t i e n t s d i e d a f t e r o p e r a t i o n s m a i n l y b e c a u s eA：b a c t e r i a e n t

20、e r e d t h e c u t s i n t h e p a t i e n t s b o d i e s a n d i n f e c t i o n t o o k p l a c eB：t h e c o n d i t i o n s i n h o s p i t a l s w e r e b a dC:t h e s k i l l o f s u r g e o n s w a s n o t s o g o o dD：t h e r e w e r e n o g o o d m e d i c i n e a t t h a t t i m e答案：A、W h

21、 i c h t o p i c o f t h e f o l l o w i n g b e s t s u i t s t h e p a s s a g e?A：Op e r a t i o n s w e r e d i f f i c u l t i n t h e p a s t.B：T h e d e v o t i o n o f Jo s e p h Li s t e r t o m e d i c a l s c i e n c e.C：S u r g e r y h a s b e c o m e s i m p l e r.D：De v e l o p m e n t

22、 s i n s u r g e r y.答案：D、Jo s e p h Li s t e r w a s .A：a Fr e n c h m a nB：a Ge r m a nC：a n En g l i s h m a nD：a n Am e r i c a n答案：c二、词汇与语法IN T h e w o r s t t h i n g t e l e v i s i o n i s t h a t m a n y p e o p l e h a v e b e c o m e i t s s l a v e s.A：a b o u tB：i nC:w i t hD：f r o m答案：

23、A2、La r g e f i s h u s u a l l y s m a l l f i s h.A：g a t h e rB：t a k e o nC:f e e d o nD:o r g a n i z e答案：c3、T h e c h i l d r e n l o o k e d u p a s t h e p l a n e s p a s s e d .A:o v e r a l 1B：o v e r h e a dC：o u t w a r dD：f o r w a r d答案：B4、I d o n t t h i n k a n y o n e c a n a c c u

24、 s e h e r n o t b e i n g f r a n k.A：w i t hB：i nC：o fD：a t答案：c5、Ar e y o u c e r t a i n t h a t t h i s i s i n h i s l e t t e r?A：g r a n d f a t h e r e x p r e s s e dB：w h a t g r a n d f a t h e r h a s e x p r e s s e dC:g r a n d f a t h e r h a s e x p r e s s e dD:w h i c h g r a n d f

25、 a t h e r h a s e x p r e s s e d答案：B6、T h e m a n a g e r p r o m i s e d t o k e e p m e _ _ _ o f h o w o u r b u s i n e s s w a s g o i n g o n.A：t o b e i n f o r m e dB：o n i n f o r m i n gC:i n f o r m e dD：i n f o r m i n g答案：c7、_ _ _ _ m o v i n g a t h i s u s u a l s t a t e l y p a c

26、e,h e w a s a l m o s t r u n n i n g.A：Ac c o r d i n g t oB：In t h e l i g h t o fC：In s t e a d o fD：Ow i n g t o答案：C8、T h e s a l e s h a d s t a r t e d a n d t h e h u n t e r s w e r e o u t i n g r e a t n u m b e r s.A：b a r g a i nB：s a l eC：b u y i n gD：d e a l答案：A9、No t o n l y T o m b u

27、 t a l s o h i s w i f e f o n d o f w a t c h i n g t e l e v i s i o n.A：a r eB：w e r eC:b eD:w a s答案：D10、On h e a r i n g t h e n e w s o f t h e e x a m i n a t i o n,t h e b o y w a s v e r y h a p p y.A:h i s h a v i n g p a s s e dB：h e p a s s e dC：h i s b e i n g p a s s e dD：t o p a s s答案：

28、A三、完型填空1、S o m e o n e s a y s,“T i m e i s m o n e y.，z Bu t I t h i n k t i m e i s _ _ _ 21_ _ _ i m p o r t a n t t h a n m o n e y.W h y?Be c a u s e w h e n m o n e y i s s p e n t,w e c a n g e t i t b a c k.Ho w e v e r,w h e n t i m e i s 22 i t 11n e v e r _ _ _ 23_ _ _.T h a t*s _ _ _ 24_

29、 _ _ w e m u s t n，t w a s t e t i m e.It g o e s w i t h o u t s a y i n g t h a t t h e _ _ _ 25_ _ _ i s u s u a l l y l i m i t e d.Ev e n a s e c o n d i s v e r yi m p o r t a n t.W e s h o u l d m a k e f u l l u s e o f o u r t i m e t o d o _ _ _ 26 u s e f u l.Bu t i t i s a p i t y t h a

30、t t h e r e a r e a l o t o f p e o p l e w h o d o n o t k n o w t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f t i m e.T h e y s p e n d t h e i r l i m i t e d t i m e s m o k i n g,d r i n k i n g a n d _ _ _ 27_ _ _.T h e y d o n o t k n o w t h a t w a s t i n gt i m e m e a n s w a s t i n g p a r t o f t h e

31、 i r o w n _ _ _ 28_ _ _.In a w o r d,w e s h o u l d s a v e t i m e.W e s h o u l c l n,t _ _ _ 29 t o d a y*s w o r k f o r t o m o r r o w.R e m e m b e rw e h a v e n o t i m e t o _ _ _ 30.、A：m u c hB：l e s sC：m u c h l e s sD：e v e n m o r e答案：D、A:c o s tB：b o u g h tC：g o n eD：f i n i s h e

32、d答案：c、A：r e t u r nB：c a r r yC:t a k eD：b r i n g答案：A、A:w h a tB：t h a tC：b e c a u s eD：w h y答案：D、A：m o n e yB：t i m eC:d a yD：f o o d答案：B(6)、A：n o t h i n gB：s o m e t h i n gC:a n y t h i n gD：e v e r y t h i n g答案：B、A:r e a d i n gB：w r i t i n gC：p l a y i n gD：w o r k i n g答案：c、A：t i m eB：f o

33、 o dC：m o n e yD：l i f e答 案：D、A：s t o pB：l e a v eC:l e tD：g i v e答案：B(10)、A：l o s eB：s a v eC:s p e n dD：t a k e答案：A四、汉译英(1)、从金钱的角度来说，这份工作好处不大，但是我从中可以得到有价值的经验。(2)、你能看出这幅画与那幅画的不同吗？五、写作、写作In s t r u c t i o n s:Y o u r e s s a y s h o u l d b e n o l e s s t h a n 150 w o r d s.Y o u a r e t o w r i

34、t e a n e s s a y o n t h e t o p i c Proper Use of Mobile Phones.Y o u s h o u l d b a s e y o u re s s a y o n t h e o u t l i n e b e l o w:a）手机在人们生活中起的作用b）手机使用不当对生活造成的干扰C）使用手机时需要注意的事项大学英语A2一、阅读理解1、Castles were brought to Britain by William the Conqueror,when he invaded England in 1066from his ho

35、meland in France.One of the most powerful ways for William to take control of his newkingdom,which included England,Scotland and Wales,was to have castles built throughout the land.At first,he ordered the construction of very simple castles,called motte and bailey castles.These early castles consist

36、ed of an earthen mound,topped by a tower built of wood.The baileywas a large area of land enclosed by a shorter fence.Inside the bailey were the main activities of thecastle,such as workshops,stables and livestock,household activities,etc.,while the tower on themotte was used as the lords residence

37、and as an observation post.Before long,the earthen castleswere replaced by the stone castles,which were much sturdier,did not rot like wood,and also weremuch more able to withstand any attack by an invader.From the 11 th to 13th centuries the stone castles were booming.They were not just used by the

38、king.Most castles,in fact,were granted by a king to their most loyal knights or barons who foughtbravely in battle and supported their king.The king,starting with William the Conqueror,gave hisloyal knights vast estates and permission to build castles.In return,he expected these men to controltheir

39、lands as the kings representative,to keep the local population from rebelling,and to force themto work and pay rent to the lord,who then passed it onto the king.These knights and barons builtcastles almost everywhere in Britain,served to strike fear into the local peoples,and to symbolizetheir power

40、 and wealth.By the 15th century the stone castles began declining.For the one thing,military necessitychanged in Great Britain.There was less emphasis placed on defense and more on comfort.Earlierstone houses were gradually modified,or abandoned completely and replaced by great houses of aricher and

41、 more relaxed style.The development of firearms and the increasing use of gunpowder,forthe other one,also ended the castles endurance.Despite their decline,many wealthy families of the 18th and 19th centuries fed their passions bynaming their newly built houses,“castle.This ill-informed romanticism

42、had its valuable side,whicheventually led to concerted efforts to preserve and restore many ruined castles.Even today,centuries after they were active in British history,the castles of Britain haveestablished themselves firmly in the national and international mindset.Castles have demonstrated noton

43、ly the exchanges of the majesty,power and wealth of their noble builders,but also the rise and setof British Empire.(1)、The castles originated from.A:FranceB：En g l a n dC:S c o t l a n dD：W a l e s答案：A、Ac c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t,“m o t t c”(Pa r a.1)r e f e r s to.A：a n e a r t h e n m o u

44、n dB：a w o o d e n t o w e rC:a s h o r t e r f e n c eD：a 1a r g e r a r e a答案：A、Fr o m t h e 11t h t o 13t h c e n t u r i e s,c a s t l e s w e r e b o o m i n g b e c a u s e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g r e a s o n s EX CEPTA：a g i f tB：a f o r c e m e a n sC：a s y m b o lD：a t o u r i s t a t t

45、 r a c t i o n答案：D(4)W h a t c a u s e d t h e d e c l i n e o f t h e c a s t l e s?A:T h e y a r e t o o e x p e n s i v e.B：T h e y a r e r u i n e d b e c a u s e o f f i g h t i n g.C：T h e y a r e l e s s c o m f o r t a b l e.D：It t o o k m u c h t i m e t o b u i l d t h e m.答案：c(5)、W h i c

46、h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e?A:Pe o p l e d o e s n t l i k e t h e c a s t l e s a n y m o r e.B：M u c h m o r e n e w c a s t l e s a r e b e i n g b u i l t.C：T h e c a s t l e s a r e t h e m o s t f a m o u s b u i l d i n g s i n Br i t a i n.D：T h e c a s t l e s s t i l l h a v

47、e t h e i r r e p u t a t i o n i n t h e w o r l d.答案：D2、Remember global warming?Back in December,the threat of climate change was thunderingand the rich countries agreed to cut their carbon-dioxide and other green-house-related emissions.Since then,interest has cooled markedly,and many European co

48、untries are already running away fromthe promises they made so loudly a few months ago.But there has been much talk,and a bit of action,to encourage renewable energies such as wind,hydro,solar and all living organisms.These emit nogreenhouse gases,but tend to cost more than coal,oil or gas.The bette

49、r,simpler idea is to remember that the easiest way to reduce something is to tax it-inthis case,by taxing the carbon content power.The dirtier the power,the more tax it would pay.Sodirty coal would be more expensive than clean coal,which would see its price rise in relation to oil,which would be mor

50、e expensive compared with gas,which would lose some of its price advantageover renewables.Unless a carbon tax was so huge as to be economically crippling,it would not remove theprice differential between all renewables and fossil fuels.But it would narrow that gap,by fixing thediffering environmenta