复习讲义阅读部分.pdf

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1、复习讲义阅读部分编写付建利目录PART II 阅 读.P03第一部分人口与环境.P03第二部分生活趣闻.P18第三部分异域风情.P31第四部分功能性阅读.P.41第五部分人生哲理.P51第六部分科学技术.P61第七部分名胜古迹.P71PART I I阅读第一部分人口与环境N0.1Hundreds of years ago,life was much harder than it is today.People didnt have modem machines.There was no modern medicine,either.Life today has brought new prob

2、lems.One of the biggest is pollution.Water pollution has madeour rivers and lakes dirty.It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.Noise pollution makesus talk louder and become angry more easily.Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution.Its bad to all living things in the world.Car

3、s,planes and factories all pollute our air every day.Sometimes the polluted air is so thick thatit is like a quilt over a city.This kind of quilt is called smog.Many countries are making rules to flight pollution.Factories must now clean their water before itis thrown away,and they mustnt blow dirty

4、 smoke into the air.We need to do many other things.We can put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw themon the ground,there will be less pollution.Rules are not enough.Every person must help to fight pollution.1.Hundreds of years ago,life was much harder than it is today b e c a u s e.A.ther

5、e were not any modem machinesB.there was no modem medicineC.both A and BD.there were not many people2.What is the biggest problem in todays life?A.Water pollutionB.Air pollutionC.NoiseD.Pollution3.The most serious kind of pollution is.A.noise pollutionB.air pollutionC.water pollutionD.A,B and C4.Fac

6、tories must clean their wa t e r.A.before they are thrown awayB.when they are thrown awayC.after it is thrown awayD.before it is thrown away5.From the passage we know t hat.A.a few years ago,there was no smog at allB.today people dont have to talk to each other in a loud voiceC.we can drink water fr

7、om the polluted rivers and lakesD.people are making rules in order to fight pollutionKey:l.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.DNO.2Look at your watch for just one minute.During that time the population of the world increased byeighty-five people.Perhaps you think that isnt much.In the next hour,more than 5,000 additio

8、nal,people will be living on this planet.So it goes,hour after hour.In one day,there are about 120,000additional mouths to feed.Multiply this by 365.What will happen in 100 years?This population explosion may be the greatest challenge of today.Within the next forty years,theworld population may doub

9、le.Can the new frontiers of science meet the needs of the crowdedworld of tomorrow?If the present rate of population increase for the next 600 or 700 years,there will be standing roomonly.Each person will have between 3 to 10 square feet of space in which to live.This includesthe mountaintops,desert

10、s,and the ice and snow fields of the polar regions.Of course,no oneexpects such a thing to happen.War,plague,famine,or some other catastraphe can expected tooccur long before the population reaches this point.Actually,the danger is not in an overcrowdedworld where people are huddled together so that

11、 they cannot move arms and legs,but in an upsetbalance between population and resources.1.This passage mainly talks a bo ut.A.the rate of population increaseB.the total number of population in the worldC.the problems caused by population explosionD.the relation of science and population2.According t

12、o the auther,in a hundred years5 t i me.A.the worlds population will be doubledB.the worlds population will be four thousand,three hundred and eighty millionC.there will be standing room only on this planedD.there will be four thousand,three hundred and eighty million more people bom to this planet3

13、.“An upset balance between population and resources means A.Some people have more resource than othersB.People will be worried about their resourcesC.A small number of people will control most of the resourcesD.There will not be enough resources to meet the needs of the large population4.Which of th

14、e following statements is not true?A.Eight-five people are born in this planet every minute.B.There will be about 120,000 people in this planet tomorrow.C.The world population in forty years will be twice as much as that of today.D.Each person will only have standing room in 600 or 700 years.5.Accor

15、ding to the passage,population control is necessary b e c a u s e.A.too much population can cause troubleB.our government objects to population explosionC.three will not be enough food to meet the needs of the large populationD.most of people only want to have one childKey:l.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.ANO.3Do

16、you know something about tree rings?Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like,sometimes even hundreds of years ago?A tree will grow well in a climate with lots of sunshine and rainfall.And little sunshine or rainfallwill limit the growth of a tree.We can see the change of climate by stu

17、dying the tree rings.Forexample,to find out the weather of ten years ago,count the rings of a tree from the outside to theinside.If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring,then were sure that it was sunny and rainymost of that year.If it is near to the eleventh ring,then the climate that year w

18、as bad.Tree rings arc important not only for studying the history of weather but also for studying thehistory of man.Many centuries ago there lived a lot of people at a place in New Mexico.But nowyou can find only sand thereno trees and no people.What happened?A scientist studied the rings of dead t

19、rees there.He found that the people had to leave because theyhad cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings.As all the trees had gone,the people therehad to move.1.in good climate.A.Tree rings grow far from each otherB.Tree rings become thinnerC.Tree dont need sunshine or rainfallD.People ca

20、n cut down most of trees2.The scientists are interested in studying tree rings because tree rings can t el l.A.whether a tree was strong or notB.whether people took good care of the trees or notC.whether the climate was good or notD.how old the trees were3.If you want to find out the weather of twen

21、ty years ago,you should study of a treefrom the outside to the inside.A.the twentieth ringB.the tenth ringC.the nineteenth ringD.the twenty-first ring4.Why did people usually live in place with lots of trees?A.Trees could tell the change of the weatherB.Trees brought lots of sunshine and rainC.Trees

22、 could make weather not too hot or too coldD.Trees could be used fbr burning and for building houses5.The people had to leave the place in New Me x i c o.A.because had weather stopped the growth of treesB.because they no longer had water and the land became sandC.because they didnt have enough trees

23、 fbr burningD.because there was too much rain thereKey:LA 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.CNO.4Population and PollutionMany of the worlds pollution problems have been caused by the crowding of large groups ofpeople into the cities.Supply for the needs of the people leads to further pollution by industry.Ifthe rapid i

24、ncrease of world population in continues at the present rate,there may be much greaterharm to human beings.Some scientists speak of the increase in numbers of people as populationpollution.About 2000 years ago,the world population was probably about 250 million.It reached a billionin 1850.By 1930 th

25、e population was two billion.It is now three and a half billion.It is expected todouble by the year 2000.If the population continues to grow at the same rate,there will be 25billion people in the world a hundred years from now!Man has been using the Earths resources more and more rapidly cover the p

26、ast years.Some ofthem are almost used up.Now many people believe that mans greatest problem is how to controlthe growth of the population.The material supplies in the world will be far from enough tosupport the human population,in time to come,if the present rate of increase continues.Alreadythere i

27、s overcrowding in many cities and starvation in some countries.Should mans populationkeep on growing so rapidly as before?Many people believe that human survival in the futuredepends on the answer to this question.1.The rapid increase in population is considered to be.A.the increase of resourcesB.po

28、pulation pollutionC.the development of mankindD.the present rate2.The world population will be by the year 2000.A.7 billionB.250 millionC.25 billionD.3.5 billion3.It is very important for us.A.to use the materials in the worldB.to move into citiesC.to control the growth of our populationD.to support

29、 the human population4.If the present rate of increase c o n t i n u e s.A.the world is going to endB.the earth wont be able to support the growing population in the futureC.pollution has nothing to do with the rapidly increasing populationD.there would be four billion in the world a hundred years f

30、rom now5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.In 1850 the world population reached a billion.B.Man must fight a battle against population pollution.C.The worlds population is increasing with years.D.All of the Earths resources are gone now.Key:l.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.DNO.5Modem zo

31、os are different from those built fifty years ago.In those zoos were places where peoplecould go to see animals from many parts of the world.The animals lived in cages with iron bars.Although the zoo keepers took good care of them,many the animals did not feel comfortable,andthey often fell ill.In m

32、odem zoos,people can see animals in more natural conditions.The animals are given morefreedom in larger places so that they can be more comfortable.Even the appearance of zoos haschanged.Trees and grass grow in cages,and water flows through the places the animals live in.there are few bars;instead,t

33、here is often a deep ditch,filled with water which surrounds a spacewhere several kinds of animals live together as they would naturally.In an American zoo,thevisitor can walk through a huge special cage that is filled with trees,some small animals and manybirds,and large enough fbr the birds to liv

34、e naturally.In a zoo in New York,with the use of specialnight light,people can watch certain animals that are active only at night,when most zoos areclosed.Some zoos have special places fbr visitors to watch animals that live in the desert.Modern zoos not only show animals to visitors,but also keep

35、and save rare animals.For thisreason,fifty years from now,the grandchildren of todays visitors will still be able to enjoywatching these animals.Lefs do something to protect animals-our friends.1.It seems that is something most important fbr animals.A.eating good foodB.living in cagesC.living with o

36、ther animalsD.living in natural conditions2.In modern zoos.A.different kinds of animals are kept separatelyB.animals are no longer taken good care ofC.animals have more freedomD.visitors can walk wherever they like3.In a modem zoo feel comfortable.A.the animals,not the visitorsB.the visitor,not the

37、animalsC.neither visitors nor animalsD.both visitors and animals4.In some zoos people can.A.walk through huge special cages to watch all sorts of animalsB.see animals which live in special conditionsC.during the day watch animals that are active at nightD.watch all the rare animals that may not be s

38、een in the future5.The main idea of the passage is t hat.A.zoos are now places where animals can live naturallyB.zoos are places where people can see animals from all over the worldC.there should be old and modem zoos alikeD.rare animals may soon die outKey:l.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.AN0.6The Worlds Water Sh

39、ortageThe world is not only hungry,but it is also thirsty fbr water.This may seem strange to you,sincenearly 70 percent of the earths surface is covered with water.But about 97 percent of this hugeamount is sea water,or salt water.Man can only drink and use the other 3 percent-the fresh waterfrom ri

40、vers,lakes,underground,and other sources.And we cannot even use all of that,becausesome of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers.Even worse,some of it has been polluted.However,as things stand today,this small amount of fresh water is still enough fbr us.But ourneed fbr water is increasing rapi

41、dly-almost day by day.Only if we take steps to deal with thisproblem now can we avoid a serious worldwide water shortage later on.We all have to learn how to stop wasting our valuable water.One of the first steps is to developways of reusing it.Today in most large cities,water is used only once and

42、then sent out into a sewer system.Fromthere it returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks.But it is possible to pipe usedwater to a purifying plant.There it can be treated with chemicals so that it can be used again,justas if it were fresh from a spring.But even if every large city pu

43、rified and reused its water,we still would not have enough.All wedhave to do to make use of the vast reserves of sea water in the world is to remove the salt.If we take these steps well be in no danger of drying up.1.The world is thirsty for water because we can only use percent of the water coverin

44、gthe surface of the earth.A.3B.more than 3C.less than 3D.972.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.As things remain unchanging,this small amount of fresh water is still enough fbr us.B.Our need fbr water is becoming larger and larger.C.There will be no water shortage in the future.D.We sho

45、uld take steps to deal with the water shortage problem.3.To reuse water,we s h o u l d.A.treat it with chemicalsB.use it only onceC.send it out into a sewer systemD.make it flow into underground tanks4.In order to have enough water,we should also make use of.A.icebergs and glaciersB.sea waterC.river

46、s and lakesD.underground water5.In the passage,the writer tells us.A.to make enough waterB.to pay more attention to the water shortage problemC.to pipe used water to a purifying plantD.to reuse the waterKey:l.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.BNO.7Lesson from the natureToday,too many trees are still being cut down in

47、 many countries and floods all over the world arcgetting more and more serious.A lot of land has gone with them.This is a lesson from the nature.When people move into a new place,they often cut down trees or pull out many wild plants tomake farmland.Maybe they dont think they can eat trees or grass.

48、They dont know very muchthat trees can stop floods and the wind from washing or blowing the earth away,and that many ofthese wild plants are food fbr some wild animals.If the animals cannot find enough plants to eat,they will die or have to leave the place.In one part of the United States,fbr exampl

49、e,the deer there like to eat a kind of wild flower.Themountain tigers there eat the deer.But people killed many mountain tigers to protect the deer.Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild flowers.Then the deer began to eat thegreen leaves of the young trees.So the farmers thought

50、of ways to protect their trees.Now thedeer had nothing to eat and many of them died.The number of trees,deer,tigers,wild flowers and plants has changed much-less and less.Weneed to do more to keep the balance of the nature.Now more“Great Green Walls“are needed to save a lot of land and wild animals