2014考研英语二真题和答案.docx

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1、2014考研英语二真题和答案 2014年全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher

2、 risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good

3、health. Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined _6_ body mass index, or BMI. BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight.

4、 And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 oth

5、ers with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweig

6、ht are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on t

7、he overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and

8、 fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured 2. A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome 3. A Instead B However C Likewise

9、D Therefore 4. A indicator B objective C origin D example 5. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern 6. A in terms of B in case of C in favor of D in of 7. A measures B determines C equals D modifies 8. A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part 9. A complicated B conservative C variable D s

10、traightforward 10. A so B unlike C since D unless 11. A shape B spirit C balance D taste 12. A start B quality C retire D stay 13. A strange B changeable C normal D constant 14. A option B reason C opportunity D tendency 15. A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored 16. A B combined C settled D a

11、ssociated 17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only 18. A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded 19. A discussions B businesses C policies D studies 20. A for B against C with D without Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b

12、y choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 What would you do with 590m This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. I

13、f she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton. These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies

14、 of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like intere

15、sting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others. This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most happiness

16、 bang for your buck. It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts

17、 or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonalds restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an

18、 object of obsession. Readers of HappyMoney are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be se

19、en among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away fr

20、om this book believing it was money well spent. 21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase AA big house BA special tour CA stylish car DA rich meal 22. The authors attitude toward Americans watching TV is Acritical Bsupportive Csympathetic Dambiguous 23. M

21、acrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that Aconsumers are sometimes irrational Bpopularity usually comes after quality Cmarketing tricks are after effective Drarity generally increases pleasure 24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money Ahas left much room for readerscriticism Bmay prove to

22、 be a worthwhile purchase Chas predicted a wider income gap in the us Dmay give its readers a sense of achievement 25. This text mainly discusses how to Abalance feeling good and spending money Bspend large sums of money won in lotteries Cobtain lasting satisfaction from money spent Dbecome more rea

23、sonable in spending on luxuries Text 2 An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think youre more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to r

24、esearch into what the call the above average effect, or illusory superiority, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities. We rose tint our memories and put oursel

25、ves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking were hot stuff. Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Ra

26、ther that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is an automatic psychological process oc

27、curring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence th

28、at, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who s

29、howed other makers for having higher self-esteem. I dont think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion, says Epley. Its a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves. If you are depressed, you wont be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley s

30、 study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they dont even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancers paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beau

31、ty, intellect and lifestyle its not that peoples profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of WisconMadison university ,but they portray an idealized version of themselves. 26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that _. A our self-ratings are unrealistically high B illu

32、sory superiority is baseless effect C our need for leadership is unnatural D self-enhancing strategies are ineffective 27. Visual recognition is believed to be peoples_ A rapid watching B conscious choice C intuitive response D automatic self-defence 28. Epley found that people with higher self-este

33、em tended to_ A underestimate their insecurities B believe in their attractiveness C cover up their depressions D oversimplify their illusions 29.The word Viscerally(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_. Ainstinctively Boccasionally Cparticularly Daggressively 30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancers paradise because people can _. Apresent their dishonest profiles Bdefine their traditional life styles Cshare their intellectual pursuits Dwithhold their unflattering sides 11