大数据视野下社会治安防控体系研究_许鹏天.docx
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1、 大数据视野下社会治安防控体系研究 ( 摘要 ) 专 业: 刑法学 研宄方 向:青 少年犯罪研究 作者姓名:许鹏天 指导教师: 应培礼 在 2012 年召开的党的十八大会议上有相关报告指出: “ 要深化平安建设, 完善立体化社会治安防控体系,依法防范和惩治违法犯罪活动,保障人民生命财 产安全 ” 1。在十八届三中全会通过的中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问 题的决定指出 “ 加强社会治安综合治理,创新立体化社会治安防控体系,依 法严密防范和惩治各类违法犯罪活动。 ” 2 为了实现上述目标,党和国家都在社会治安防控体系的信息化建设上面做 出了巨大的投入,警务信息化水平得到了显著的提升。不过,伴随
2、着互联网时 代的迅猛发展,社会生活形态的快速变化,传统的信息化 治理下的简单人防加 物防加技防的手段远远不能满足日益变化的社会治安防控需求,暴露出诸如警 力资源严重短缺、信息处理上传失真导致处理失当、数据信息研判不准确、各 部门间数据壁垒严重等问题。 为了解决上述问题,笔者论述了大数据的使用价值以及社会治安防控中应 用大数据的必然趋势。在社会治安防控领域,通过海量、动态、多样的数据有 效集成为有价值的治安信息资源,推动警务由传统的经验思维模式的转变,进 而加快公安社会治安管理和防控能力现代化进程。并且利用大数据,可以使警 1 党的十八大报告全文, http:/ (访问日期: 2015 年 12
3、月 25 日)。 2关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定, http:/ (访问 曰期:2015 年 12 月 25 日)。 务部门治安防控的行动部署所依据的资料更加全面准确,不同警种、不同部门 之间的协调也将更为顺畅,进而能够有效提高社会治安防控管理效率,降低治 安管理成本。 在论述了大数据对于公安部门社会治安治理的重要性后,笔者依然清醒地 认识到,大数据运用在实际工作中是任重而道远的。现阶段,大数据在社会治 理(包括社会治安防控 ) 领域还未受到应有的重视。我国警务部门目前几乎没 有在实际工作中运用,大多数地方公安机关并未对大数据运用提升业务能力予 以足够的重视,大数据资源管理的思维尚未建立
4、。大数据在社会治安防控中的 运用目前还未有任何实践经验,相关的技术、理论也正在探索的过程中。 虽然在信息化的过程中,警务部门获得采集到大量的数据,但是数据信息 集成、整合、分析、处理的能力和技术还需慢慢完善。文章最后从理念、制度、 标准、管理及人员培养的角度探析社会治安防控中大数据运用的道路。希望能 够对实务领域的操作能够有所帮助。 关键词:大数据;治安防控体系;立体化;数据决策 2 Research on the prevention and control system of social public order from the perspective of big data (Abs
5、tract) Major: criminal law Research area: Study of Juvenile Delinquency Author: Xu pengtian Advisor: Ying Peili In 2012 the convening of the partys eighteen large conference report pointed out: to deepen peace building, perfect three-dimensional social security prevention and control system, in acco
6、rdance with the law to prevent and punish illegal and criminal activities, to guarantee the safety of peoples lives and property. In the Third Plenary Session of the eighth through Mthe Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision pointed
7、 out that strengthen the comprehensive management of social order, innovative three-dimensional social security prevention and control system, according to law strictly guard against and punish all kinds of illegal and criminal activities.M In order to achieve the above objectives, the party and the
8、 state in the social security system of information technology to make a huge investment in the above, the level of information technology has been significantly improved. However, along with the rapid development of the Internet era, rapid changes in the form of social life, traditional information
9、 management simple civil air defense with anti technology means and far from being able to meet the ever-changing social security prevention and control demand, exposed the serious shortage of resources such as police, information processing and uploading distortion caused by inappropriate handling,
10、 data information judged inaccurate, data barriers between departments and other problems. In order to solve the above problems, the author discusses the inevitable trend of the application of big data big data and use value in the prevention and control of social security. In the field of social se
11、curity prevention and control, through the massive, dynamic, diverse data active set become valuable security information resources and promote police transition from the experience of the traditional mode of thinking, thus speeding up the public security administration of social security and the ab
12、ility to control modernization. And the use of big data, can make the police departments of public security prevention and control action plan on the basis of the data more comprehensive and accurate, the coordination between different departments and different kinds of police will be more smooth. F
13、urthermore, it can effectively improve the efficiency of the social security prevention and control management, reduce the cost of security management. In the discussion of the data for the importance of public security departments of public security governance, I still clearly recognize that, data
14、using in practical work is gol5. At this stage, the big data in the field of social governance (including social security prevention and control) has not yet been given due attention. Police departments in our country at present almost no in practical use, most of the local public security organs no
15、t on data use to enhance the operational capacity to be paid enough attention, large data resources management thinking has not been established. Big data in the use of social security prevention and control has not been any practical experience, related technology, theory is also being explored in
16、the process. Although in the process of information, the police department to collect a large number of data, but the data information integration, integration, analysis, processing capacity and technology also need to slowly improve. Finally, from the perspective of concept, system, standards, mana
17、gement and personnel training, the 2 paper explores the road of the use of large data in the prevention and control of social security. Hope that the operation of the field of practice can help somethings. Keywords: Bigdata ; three-dimensional; Data Governance; prevention and control system of socia
18、l public order; 3 目录 i 仑 . 1 、问题的提出 . 1 X 研究价值及意义 . 2 三、 主要研究方法 . 3 四、 文章结构 . 3 五、 本文主要创新及不足 . 4 第一章大数据的概念与特点 . 5 、大数据的基本概念 . 5 (一) 大数据的发展历史 . 5 (二) 大数据的发展方向 . 7 二、 大数据的概念界定 . 8 (一) 大数据的定义 . 8 (二) 大数据基本类型 . 9 (三) 大数据主体类型 . 10 三、 大数据的特征、特点与使用价值 . 13 (一) 大数据的时代特征 . 13 (二) 大数据基本特点 . 13 (三) 大数据的使用价值 . 1
19、4 第二章社会治安防控的理解与现状分析 . 16 、社会治安防控的理解 . 16 (一) 治安的理解 . 16 (二) 治安防控体系概念 . 17 二、立体化社会治安防控体系的构建 . 19 (一)立体化社会治安防控体系的政策要求 . 19 (二)立体化治安防控的实质要求 . 20 三、警务信息化建设的现状及问题 . 21 (一) 我国警务信息化建设实践与探索 . 21 (二) 当前警务信息化建设的问题 . 22 (三) 当前立体化治安防控体系运行中实践暴露的问题 . 23 第三章大数据应用是立体化社会治安防控体系建设的必然趋势 26 一、 数据应用在治安防控中面临的困境 . 26 (一) 在
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