2023年版欧盟合同法通则（中英文对照）.docx

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1、欧盟合同法通则(中英文对照)THE PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAWEuropean Union Commission on Contract Law欧盟合同法通则部分章节如下：CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS第一章一般规定Section 1 - Scope of the Principles第一节 本原则的适用范围Article 1.101- Application of the Principles 第 1:101 条：本原则的 适用(1) These Principles are intended to be applie

2、d as general rules of contract law in the European Communities.本原则拟作为合同法的一般规则在欧洲共同体适用。(5) A matter is material if it is one which a reasonable person in the same situation as one party ought to have known would influence the other party in its decision whether to contract on the proposed terms or to

3、 contract at all.会影响一件事情，如果是处在当事人位置的通情达理之人本应知道它将 对方当事人决定是否依被提议的条款缔约或者是否缔约的，则为重大 的。(6) Written statements include communications made by telegram, telex, telefax and electronic mail and other means of communication capable of providing a readable record of the statement on both sides书面”表述包括以电报、电传、传真以

4、及其他通讯方式作出的能够对 双方的表述提供可读性记录的通知。Article 1.302 - Reasonableness 第 1:302 条:合理性Under these Principles reasonableness is to be judged by what persons acting in good faith and in the same situation as the parties would consider to be reasonable. In particular, in assessing what is reasonable the nature and

5、 purpose of the contract the circumstances of the case, and the usages and practices of the trades or professions involved should be taken into account.依据本原则，合理性是指由善意行为并与当事人处于相同的状况下之人 加以判断所会认为是合理的情况；在权衡何谓合理者时，应特别考虑合 同的性质与目的、案件的情况以及所涉交易或行业的惯例和习惯做法。Article 1.303 Notice 第 1:303 条:通矢口Any notice may be g

6、iven by any means, whether in writing or otherwise, appropriate to the circumstances.通知得以任何与具体情况相适合的方式作出，不论是书面的或其他的方 式。(1) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5), any notice becomes effective when it reaches the addressee.在符合第四款和五款的前提下，通知自到达于受通知人时起生效。(2) A notice reaches the addressee when it is delivere

7、d to it or to its place of business or mailing address, or, if it does not have a place of business or mailing address, to its habitual residence.通知被送交到受通知人或其营业场所或通讯地址，如若其没有营业场所 或通讯地址，送交到其惯常居所时，为到达受通知人。(3) If one party gives notice to the other because of the others non-performance or because such n

8、on-performance is reasonably anticipated by the first party, and the notice is properly dispatched or given, a delay or inaccuracy in the transmission of the notice or its failure to arrive does not prevent it from having effect. The notice shall have effect from the time at which it would have arri

9、ved in normal circumstances.一方当事人向另一方当事人发出通知，因为另一方的不履行或者因为此 不履行已被前方当事人合理地预见到，而且该通知是恰当地发出或作出 的，则该通知在传送过程中的迟延或不准确或没有到达并不妨碍它的生 效。通知应从它在通常情况下本应到达的时间起生效。(4) A notice has no effect if a withdrawal of it reaches the addressee before or at the same time as the notice.如果对通知的撤回是在该通知之前或同时到达受通知人，通知不生效力。(5) In t

10、his Article, notice includes the communication of a promise, statement, offer, acceptance, demand, request or other declaration.在本条中，通知包括允诺、表述、要约、承诺、要求、请求或其他 的声明。Article 1.304 - Computation of Time 第 1:304 条：时间的计算A period of time set by a party in a written document for the addressee to reply or tak

11、e other action begins to run from the date stated as the date of the document. If no date is shown, the period begins to run from the moment the document reaches the addressee. 一方当事人在书面的文件中规定的由受领人答复或作出其他行为的期 间由该文件载明之日起算；如果没有载明日期，则该期间从该文件到达 受领人时起算。(1) Official holidays and official non-working days o

12、ccurring during the period are included in calculating the period. However, if the last day of the period is an official holiday or official non-working day at the address of the addressee, or at the place where a prescribed act is to be performed, the period is extended until the first following wo

13、rking day in that place.在计算期间时，在该期间内发生的正式节假日或正式非工作日亦包括在 内。但若该期间的最后一天在受领人所在地或在所要求的行为的履行地 为正式节假日或正式非工作日，该期间顺延至此后该地的第一个工作日。(2) Periods of time expressed in days, weeks, months or years shall begin at 00.00 on the next day and shall end at 24.00 on the last day of the period; but any reply that has to r

14、each the party who set the period must arrive, or other act which is to be done must be completed, by the normal close of business in the relevant place on the last day of the period.以日、星期、月或年表示的时间期限应自该期间第二天的零时开始至该 期间最后一天的二十四时终止;但向规定该期间的一方当事人所作任何 答复的到达，或者所要作出的其他行为的完成，必须在该期间最后一天 在相关地点的正常营业停止之前。Sectio

15、n 3 - Indirect Representation 第三节间接代理- Intermediaries not acting in the name of a Principal第3:301条：非以委托人的名义行为的中间人Where an intermediary acts: (a) on instructions and on behalf, but not in the name, of a principal, or (b) on instructions from a principal but the third party does not know and has no re

16、ason to know this, the intermediary and the third party are bound to each other.如果中间人从事行为系：1.基于委托人的指令和为了委托人的利益，但 并非以委托人的名义，或者，2.基于委托人的指令，但第三人对此并不 知道而且没有理由知道，中间人与该第三人互相受有拘束。(1) The principal and the third party are bound to each other only under the conditions set out in Articles 3.302 to 3.304.仅当符合第

17、3:302至3:304条规定的条件时，委托人与该第三人始互相 拘束。Article 3.301 - Intermediarys Insolvency or Fundamental Non-performance to Principal第3:302条：中间人的破产或对委托人的根本性不履行If the intermediary becomes insolvent, or if it commits a fundamental non-performance towards the principal, or if prior to the time for performance it is c

18、lear that there will be a fundamental non-performance: (a) on the principaTs demand, the intermediary shall communicate the name and address of the third party to the principal; and (b) the principal may exercise against the third party the rights acquired on the principaTs behalf by the intermediar

19、y, subject to any defences which the third party may set up against the intermediary.若中间人沦为破产，或若它对委托人根本性不履行，或若在履行期到来 之前情况表明将会发生根本性不履行，贝h 1.基于委托人的请求，中间 人应将第三人的名字和地址告知委托人；并且2.委托人可以行使中间人 为委托人的利益而对第三人取得的权利，但应承受第三人可得对中间人 提出的抗辩。Article 3.302 - Intermediarys Insolvency or Fundamental Non-performance to Thi

20、rd Party第3:303条：中间人的破产或对第三人的根本性不履行If the intermediary becomes insolvent, or if it commits a fundamental non-performance towards the third party, or if prior to the time for performance it is clear that there will be a fundamental non-performance: (a) on the third partys demand, the intermediary shal

21、l communicate the name and address of the principal to the third party; and (b) the third party may exercise against the principal the rights which the third party has against the intermediary, subject to any defences which the intermediary may set up against the third party and those which the prin

22、cipal may set up against the intermediary.若中间人沦为破产，或若它对第三人根本性不履行，或若在履行期到来 之前情况表明将根本性不履行，贝h 1.基于该第三人的请求，中间人应 将委托人的名字和地址告知该第三人；并且2.第三人可对委托人行使该 第三人对该中间人拥有的权利，但应承受中间人可得对第三人提出的抗 辩以及委托人可得对中间人提出的抗辩。Article 3.303 - Requirement of Notice 第 3:304 条:通知要件The rights under Articles 3.302 and 3.303 may be exercise

23、d only if notice of intention to exercise them is given to the intermediary and to the third party or principal, respectively. Upon receipt of the notice, the third party or the principal is no longer entitled to render performance to the intermediary.第3:302至3:303条规定的权利的行使，要求须向中间人以及向第三人 或委托人分别发出行使此权

24、利的意思的通知。在接到通知之后，第三人 或委托人不再有权向中间人进行履行。Section 4 - VALIDITY第四章有效性- Matters not Covered 第 4:101 条：未受规制的事项This Chapter does not deal with invalidity arising from illegality, immorality or lack of capacity.本章没有规定因不合法、不道德或缺乏能力而发生的无效。Article 4.101 - Initial Impossibility 第 4:102 条:自始不能A contract is not inv

25、alid merely because at the time it was concluded performance of the obligation assumed was impossible, or because a party was not entitled to dispose of the assets to which the contract relates.仅仅由于合同成立时所负债务的履行不能或由于一方当事人无权处分 合同关涉的财产，合同并不无效。(2) These Principles will apply when the parties have agreed

26、 to incorporate them into their contract or that their contract is to be governed by them.如果当事人已约定将本原则订入其合同或者其合同受本原则的规制，本 原则即予适用。(3) These Principles may be applied when the parties: (a) have agreed that their contract is to be governed by general principles of law7 , the lex mercatoria, or the like

27、; or (b) have not chosen any system or rules of law to govern their contract.当事人于符合下列条件时，可适用本原则：1.约定其合同受法的一般 原则”、商人法”或类似者之规制时；或者2.没有选择任何法律制度 或者法律规则规制其合同。(4) These Principles may provide a solution to the issue raised where the system or rules of law applicable do not do so.当可得适用的法律制度或法律规则对所产生的问题未提供解

28、决方案时， 本原则得作为一种解决方案。Article 1.102 - Freedom of contract 第 1:102 条:合同自由Parties are free to enter into a contract and to determine its contents, subject to the requirements of good faith and fair dealing, and the mandatory rules established by these Principles.当事人可以自由缔结合同并决定其内容，但要符合诚实信用和公平交易, 以及由本原则确立的

29、强制性规则。(1) The parties may exclude the application of any of the Principles or derogate from or vary their effects, except as otherwise provided by these Principles.当事人可以排除本原则的适用或者背离或变更其效力，除非本原则另有 规定。Article 1.103 - Mandatory Law第1:103条:强制上去(1) Where the otherwise applicable law so allows, the partie

30、s may choose to have their contract governed by the Principles, with the effect that national mandatory rules are not applicable.在其他可得适用的法律亦允许之场合，当事人可以选择使其合同受本原 则的规制，以使国内的强制性规则不能适用。(2) Effect should nevertheless be given to those mandatory rules of national, supranational and international law which

31、, according to the relevant rules of private international law, are applicable irrespective of the law governing the contract.依据有关国际私法规则，如国内的、超国家的以及国际的强制性规则能 够适用时，则应赋予这些强制性规则以效力，而不管规制该合同的法律。Article 1.104 - Application to questions of consent第1:104条：对同意之问题的适用(1) The existence and validity of the agre

32、ement of the parties to adopt or incorporate these Principles shall be determined by these Principles.当事人对适用本原则的合意，其存在及生效应依本原则加以确定。(2) Nevertheless, a party may rely upon the law of the country in which it has its habitual residence to establish that it did not consent if it appears from the circums

33、tances that it would not be reasonable to determine the effect of its conduct in accordance with these Principles.然一方当事人可以依据它的惯常居所所在国的法律来证明它不同意,只 要情况表明依据本原则确定它的行为的效力将是不合理的。Article 1.105 - Usages and Practices第1:105条：惯例与习惯做法(1) The parties are bound by any usage to which they have agreed and by any p

34、ractice they have established between themselves.当事人受它们同意的惯例以及它们之间确立的习惯做法的拘束。(2) The parties are bound by a usage which would be considered generally applicable by persons in the same situation as the parties, except where the application of such usage would be unreasonable.与当事人处于同样情形下的其他人通常会认为可得适用的

35、惯例，当事人 受其拘束，除非适用该惯例是不合理的。Article 1.106 - Interpretation and Supplementation第1:106条：解释与补充(1) These Principles should be interpreted and developed in accordance with their purposes. In particular, regard should be had to the need to promote good faith and fair dealing, certainty in contractual relatio

36、nships and uniformity of application.本原则应本其目的予以解释和发展，特别是，应注意有必要促进诚实信 用和公平交易、合同关系的确定性和适用的统一性。(2) Issues within the scope of these Principles but not expressly settled by them are so far as possible to be settled in accordance with the ideas underlying the Principles. Failing this, the legal system ap

37、plicable by virtue of the rules of private international law is to be applied.对属于本原则范围之内但又未为本原则明确解决的问题，应尽可能地依 照本原则所隐含的精神予以解决。如仍不能解决，则应适用依国际私法 规则可以适用的法律制度。Article 1.107 - Application of the Principles by Way of Analogy第1:107条：本原则的类推适用These Principles apply with appropriate modifications to agreements

38、 to modify or end a contract, to unilateral promises and other statements and conduct indicating intention.本原则经适当修正适用于变更或解除合同的协议、单方允诺和其他的表 意陈述和行为。Section 2 - General Obligations第二节一般义务Article 1.201 - Good Faith and Fair Dealing 第 1:201 条:诚实信用 和公平交易Each party must act in accordance with good faith an

39、d fair dealing.各方当事人均须依诚实信用和公平交易而行为。(1) The parties may not exclude or limit this duty.当事人不得排除 或限制此项义务。Article 1.202 Duty to Co-operate 第 1:202 条:协助义务Each party owes to the other a duty to co-operate in order to give full effect to the contract.为了充分落实合同，各方当事人均向对方负有协助的义务。Section 3 - Terminology and O

40、ther Provisions 第三节术语与其他规定Article 1.301 - Meaning of Terms 第 1:301 条:用语的含义In these Principles, except where the context otherwise requires:在本原则中，除非上下文要求具有其他的含义：(1) act includes omission;行为包括不作为;court includes arbitral tribunal;法院”包括仲裁机构;(2) an Intentional* act includes an act done recklessly;”故意的行为包括重大过失的行为；non-performance denotes any failure to perform an obligation under the contract, whether or not excused, and includes delayed performance, defective performance and failure to co-operate in order to give full effect to the contract.不履行意指任何没有履行合同债务的行为，无论是否被谅解，并可 包括迟延履行、瑕疵履行和没有协助以使合同得到充分的落实。