2023届高三英语二轮复习强化练6：说明类阅读理解题.docx

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1、强化练6阅读理解题（说明文类）一、科普知识类AEverypersonyawns.Sodomanyothervertebrate（有脊椎的）animals, includingsnakes, dogs, cats, sharks , andchimpanzees.Whileyawningiscontagious（ 会 传 染 的）， noteveryonecatchesayawn.Around60%一70%ofpeopleyawniftheyseeanotherpersonyawninreallifeorinaphotoorevenreadaboutyawning.Conta giousyawn

2、ingalsooccursinanimals，butitdoesn tnecessarilyworkthesamewayasinpeople.Scientistshaveproposedmanytheoriesforwhywecatchyawns.Probablythemostpopulartheoryisth atyawningservesasaformofnonverbalcommunication.Catchingayawnshowsyou reaccustomedtoaperson semotions.Scientificevidencecomesfroma201 Ostudyatth

3、eUniversityofConnecticut，whichconcludedyawningdoesnotbecomecontagiousuntilachildisaboutfouryearsoldwhenempathy（共 情）skillsdevelop.Inthestudy, childrenwithautism, whomayhaveimpairedempathydevelopment, caughtyawnslessoftenthantheirpeers.Studyingcontagiousyawninginotheranimalsmayprovidecluestohowpeoplec

4、atchyawns.Contagio usyawninginanimalsmayserveasameansofcommunication.SiaiTiesefightingfishyawnwhentheyseethe irmirrorimageoranotherfightingfish, generallyjustpriortoanattack.Contagiousyawningislinkedtotemperature,inbothanimalsandpeople.Mostscientistsspeculateitisathermoregulatory behavior,whilesomer

5、esearchersbelieveitisusedtocommunicateapotentialthreatorstressfulsituation.A2010study ofbudgerigars（虎皮鹦鹉）foundthatyawningincreasedastemperaturewasraisednearbodytemperature.Peoplecommonlyyawnwhentiredorbored.Similarbehaviorisseeninanimals.Onestudyfoundthebr aintemperatureinsleepdeprivedratswashighert

6、hantheircoretemperature.Yawningreducedbraintemper ature, possiblyimprovingbrainfunction.Researcherswilldofurtherstudyonthis. 1. Whatcanwelearnaboutyawningfromparagraph 1 ? A. Allanimalsyawn. B. Readingaboutyawningmaymakeapersonyawn. C. Only vertebrateanimal syawn. D. Yawningworksthesameforhumanandan

7、imals. 2. Whydoestheauthormentionchildrenwithautisminparagraph2? A Toproveatheory.B Todefineaconcept.C Todevelopthetheme.D Toprovidethebackground.3 . Siamesefightingfishyawnto.A. showkindnessB findapartnerC. giveathreatD escapefromdanger4 . Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A. Moreresearchonyawningwil

8、lbecarriedoutinthefuture.B Temperatureisnotafactorconcerningyawning.C Thesecrettoyawninghasbeenworkedout.D Yawningcanimprovebrainfunctiongreatly.B(2022广东茂名二模)Usingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI),scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.Contrarytoconven tion

9、alknowledge，theirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionsarenotalwaysaformof “ creativedestruction “ thatallowsnewo rganisms( 生 物 体 )toradiateandevolve.Instead ，itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation. Dr.HoyalCuthill,theleadstudyauthorfromtheUniversityofEssexintheUKandtheT

10、okyoInstituteofTechnology,saidinastatement,Someofthemostchallengingthingstounderstandthehistoryoflifearethevasttimelinesinvolvedandthe numberofspecies.Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandthisinformationinhuman-re adableform.Thismeansthatwecan,sotospeak,holdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyear

11、sinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.,Theyconcludedthatmassextinctionandlaterradiationwerenotconnectedaspreviouslythought.Wit hin5percentofthemostsignificantperiodsofdisruption(t), Aldetected “bigflve“ massextinctions, sevenmoremassextinctions,twomassextinction-radiationevents，and 15ma

12、ssradiations.Mostimportantly，itdiscoversthatmassiveradiationandextinctionrarelyoccurredwitheachother，changingtheviewthatgreaterextinctionleadstoakindofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationofnature.Itappea rsthatlargerextinctionsarecertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.TaketheCambrianeruptionfo rexam

13、pleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedontherecordofthe firstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.Thisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversity,includingtheCambrianeruption , usuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywer

14、elargelyisolated（ 隔 离 ,astudyco-authorfromtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologyexplained,“Ecosystemsaredynamicandyoudon tneedanythingtoexisttoallowsomethingnewtoappear.v 5 . Whatdoesthefirstparagraphserveas? A. Anexplanationofartificialintelligence. B Abackgroundofresearchers? study. C Thereasonsforcreative

15、destruction. D Theresultofresearchers newstudy. 6. WhatcanweinferfromDr.HoyalCuthiir swords? A Alcontributesalottothestudyofevolution. B Understandingthehistoryoflifeisverydifficult. C NewAImachineslearnapplicationsbetter. D Biologicalevolutioncanbecontrolledeasily.A. Whatistheresearchers, discovery

16、?A. Massextinctionisunlikelytocauseevolutionaryradiation.B. Thefirstanimalwithmodernfeaturesoccurredduringeruption.C. Thevolcaniceruptionledtoamassextinctionandradiation.D. Theideaofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationhasturnedouttrue.8 . Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A Newprocessesofbiologicalevolution.B Newv

17、iewofradiationfromnaturalspecies.C - Newunderstandingofmassextinction. D Newoutbreaksofbiologicalpopulations.C （2022湖北十一校联考）Mid way throughCypherfeastsonanenormoussteak, wellawarethathisrealityisnotreal,partofadigitalprogramtellinghisbrainthatthesteakisaconstructionandthatitis “juicyanddelicious” .

18、Twodecadesafterthemoviemadeitsfirstappearance , somethingunexpectedarises ： Thefutureofrealitywillnotonlybevirtualbutalsosynthetic（ 合 成 的）. Cypher sfuturemealwillbeaphysicalone, synthesizedfromanimalcells.AndthesynthesisgoesbeyonddinneiStartingwithcomponentsfromthenaturalworld,scientistsarelearningt

19、oengineermicroorganismsandbuildbiocomputingsystems.However，biologyhasatendencytoevolveinunexpectedways.Synthesizedmeatisonecaseinpoint.Thedrivingforcesbehindthemeatmovementarepractical.Ithas beenestimatedthatcultured（培育的）meatwouldrequire7to45percentlessenergyandproduce78to96percentlessgreenhousegast

20、hanconventi onalanimalsfarmedforconsumption.Butoncewe reabletosynthesizemeat，theoretically，we llhavethecapabilitytoculturemeatfromanyanimal ，eventhosewe dneverconsidereatingtoday , likedolphinsorchimpanzees, whichwillposeanewregulatorychallengeforus.Usingsyntheticbiology,wecaneveneditandrewritelife，

21、thetechnologyofwhichisalreadyinuse.In2021,scientistsinsomecountriesannouncedtheyhadgrownmonkeyembryosinjectedwithhumanstemcells.He recomesthesituationworthconsidering：suchamonkey-humanhybridwilldemonstratequalitiesthataresomewherebetweenhumans，onwhichexperimentationisn tallowed ,andanimals ，whichare

22、oftenraisedspecificallyforresearch.Howwillwedecidewhenananimalbecomestoohuman?Dependingonwhereyoustand,thesyntheticrealitieslandsomewherebetween u reallyexciting v and u criticallyconcerning v . Asind ividuals,weundertakeasharedresponsibilitytomakegoodchoicesaboutthiscomingsynthetictechnology. 9. Wh

23、atdoweknowaboutCypher ssteakinthemovie? A Itisanythingbutappetizing. B Itisenjoyedinavirtualworld. C Itissynthesizedfromanimalcell. D Itisaconstructionmadebyhimself. 10 What stheadvantageofsynthesizedmeat? A Itismorenutritious.B Itismoreenergy-consuming.C -Itismoreenvironment-friendly.D.Itismorecont

24、rollableinregulation.11 . Whatistheauthor, sattitudetotheexperimentinparagraph4? A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Pessimistic.D.Indifferent.12 . Whatisthepurposeofthetext? A Topopularizesynthetictechnology.B. Toindicatechallengesofsynthetictechnology.C Tostresstheimportanceofsynthetictechnology.D. Tointrodu

25、cethedevelopmentofsynthetictechnology.二、生态环保类A （2022河北石家庄二中质检）Whenitcomestobecomingeco-conscious , manypeoplechoosetostartwithsomethingsimple ：recycling.Butit snotassimpleaseveryoneseemstobelieve.Indeed, thedesireforsomepeopletorecyclecanleadtoill-informeddecisionsaboutwhatcanandcannotberecycled, an

26、dnon-recyclableobjectsareaccidentallyputintotherecyclingbin.Thepracticeiswhatisknownaswishcycling.Wishcyclingboilsdowntotheideathatjustaboutanythingcanberecycled ，andthatifyouputitintoarecyclingbin ，thosewhoareresponsibleforitwillfindawaytorecycleit.Thisisobviouslynottrue, because，despiteeverythingt

27、hatyou vebeentoldbythemedia, noteverythingisrecyclable.Smallnon-recyclableobjectsthatareattachedtorecyclablesaregenerallyacceptable.Forexample,glueandtapeattachedtopaperwillberemovedintherecyclingprocesswithoutanytrouble.Butimproperlyrecyclingbrokene yeglasses, plasticshoppingbags, foodwasteandgreas

28、y（油渍）pizzaboxescouldcauseproblemstotherecyclingprocess.Theobjectsintherecyclingbinaretypicallysortedbymachinesatrecyclingcenters，notpeople.Thesecomplexmachinesaredesignedtoseparateplastics,paper，andotherrecyclables.Ifsomethingisthrownintothebinthatshouldn tbethere , itcouldendupdamagingthemachine，wh

29、ichmeanstherecyclingcentercouldlosetimeandmoneyeverytimepeopledecidetowishcycle.Sometimes，anon-recyclableobjectisabletosneak（溜）pastthesesortingmachines.Ifthishappens，thenon-recyclableobjectendsupinaloadofrecyclablesthatwillbesoldfortherecyclingcentertomakeaprofit.However , havingjustonenon-recyclabl

30、ethingmixedincanpollutetheentireloadofrecyclables, whichhastobethrownaway.SowhatyouasaconsumerneedtodoismakeyourownrecyclingpracticemostfunctionaLThebestwayistoeducateyours elf.Therearecertaingeneralruleswhenitcomestorecyclingthateveryoneshouldknow.1. Whatdoweknowaboutwishcycling? A Itismisledbythem

31、edia.B Itleadstoabetterecology. C Itisrelatedtoillintentions.D Itcomesfrompeople shope.2. Whichofthefollowingcanbeputintotherecyclingbinaccordingtothepassage? A Paperwithglueonit.B Oilypizzaboxes. C Plasticshoppingbags. D. Left-overfood.3. Whatisparagraph5about?A Theproblemsfromwishcycling. B. Thene

32、edtoupdatethemachines. C Thereasonsformakinglessprofit. D. Theobjectsunsuitableforrecycling. 4. Whatmightbetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows? A. Reducingwaste. B. Makingrules.C Recyclingproperly. D Consumingwisely.B （2022山东潍坊二模）Itsasimpleyeteffectivemessagethatappeals,andleadstoasatisfyingwayofmo

33、tivatingustopromoteenvironmentalisminourownway.BominNairobi，LeseinMutunkeiisinhislateteens，andhisTrees4Goalsisthemeanswithwhichheintendstomaketheworldgreener.Itunitestwoofhisself-declaredpassionsinli fe ： loveoftheoutdoors , withhisloveoffootball.Leseinenjoyedwalkingintheforest ，butrecognisedhiscoun

34、trywasexperiencingaseriouslossoftreecover.Between2001and2020，Kenyalostanestimated 11 %oftrees, releasingasmanyas 176milIiontonsofCO2. InablogpostforWWFKenya , Leseinrevealedthat ，oncehestartedtheTrees4Goalsinitiative , heoriginallyplannedtoplantonetreepergoal.By2020,hewantedtotakehiseffortsevenfurth

35、er.Whatstartedasonetreeplantedpergoalmushroomedintol Itreesplantedpergoal.Ex plainingthereasoningbehindexpandingthetree-planting，hesaid,u Itrepresentsteameffortinfootballandthecontributionbymyteam.Ihavemanagedtohitthel ,000thtreemilestoneinthelas ttwoyears. Whileit ssomethingofanown goaltodestroythe

36、forestsandjunglesprovidingenormousbiodiversity,innovativeinitiativeslikeTrees4Goalsareanassuredwaytoscoreanenvironmentalisthat-trick.Footballispopular.Itcutsthr oughculturalbarriersirrespectiveofthecountryitisplayedin.Byincreasingthetreesplantedpergoal,withmoresuchinitiativesspringingup, evenmorewil

37、lbegrown. Likeaseed,bestideasstartsmallandchangeintosomethingthatcanbecomefarlargerthananticipated.WhileLeseincontinuesplantingl 1 treespergoal,Kenyangovernmentisaimingtoensuretheplantingofl .8billiontreestoreachl0%forestcoverage.Thesciencebehindisclea r： if900millionhectaresaredevotedtohalfatrillio

38、ntrees, theworldcanoffset（抵消）halfofallcarbonreleasedsince 1960. 5 . WhatgaveLeseintheideaoflaunchingtheproject? A . ReleaseoftoomuchCO2.B , Dreamofmotivatingothers.C. Passionforsportsandnature.D, Habitofexercisinginthewoods.6. WhatdidLeseindoin2020?A . HecreatedablogforWWF. B - Hemultipliedhiscommit

39、ment. C Heplantedonetreeforeachgoal. D Heextendedhisworktootherteams.7. Whatdotheunderlinedwords uowngoalv inparagraph4referto? A Aimthatisintendedtoachieve.8. Actionthatharmsone sowninterests.9. Pursuittowardwhicheffortisdirected.D , Goalthatisscoredfortheopposingteam.8 . WhatcanwelearnfromLesein s

40、story?A. United, wewin.B. Nopains, nogains.C. Loveme, lovemydog.10. Smalldeeds, bigdifference.CIn2007,theAfricanUnionannouncedanambitiousproject-toplanttheGreatGreenWall（GGW）,abandoftreesthatwouldstretchthelengthoftheSahel.TheGGWisanecologicalrestorationprojectdesignedbyAfricanpeopleforAfricanpeople

41、.Heavyrains，droughts, wildfiresandlandslideshaveallbecomecommonthroughouttheworld.ButnowhereisquiteliketheSahel.InthishugeAfrica nregion，climatechangehasmaterializedinadramaticmanner.Insomecases，thesevereconditionshaveleftpeoplewithnooptionotherthantomigrateelsewheretosurvive.Itwaswithallofthisinmin

42、dthat theextraordinary, butheavilydebatedprojectwasfirstputforward.Fourteenyearshavepassedsincetheinitiativeformallykickedoff.Thestatedgoalwastocreateal5-kilometre-wide,8,0 OO-kilometre-longgreenbeltoftreesandotherplantsthat, by2030 , wouldspan（跨 越）theentirewidthoftheSahel, fromSenegaltoDjibouti.Ove

43、rall,100millionhectares（ 公 匕页 ）oflandwouldberestoredby2030.0ncecompleted ，itwasannounced ，thewallcouldendupcapturing（ 俘 获） 250milliontonnesofcarbondioxide ，whileitscreationandupkeepcouldcreatetenmillionjobsinruralareas.Lookingattheprojectasawhole,theresstillalongwaytogo.Accordingtoastatusreportbythe

44、UNConventiontoCombatDesertification,aboutfourmillionhectaresofdegradedlandhavebeenrestored.ThismeansthatprogresstowardsthelOOmillionhectarestarg etstandsatj ustfourpercent.“ Whenwestartedrestoringthesoil,werealizedtheareaatriskwasmuchwiderthanweinitiallythought, “ explainsElvisPaulTangem，theAfricanU

45、nion sGGWcoordinator. u Wehadfewfundstopushtheinitiativeasmuchaswewantedto.Therewasskepticismamonginvestors , whodidn tunderstandtheproject ，butalsoamongtheAfricanstatesthemselves ，whichneededtimetofigureoutiftheGGW wasapriority. 9 . WhatisthepurposeoftheGGWproject? A Toimprovelocalecology. B Todeve

46、lopruraleconomy. C Topredictclimatepatterns. D Tostrengthenregionalties. 10. Whatdothestatisticsinparagraph3showoftheinitiative? A Theserviceperiod. B , Thetotalbudget. C Thetargetedgroups. D Theexpectedbenefits. 11. HowdoesElvisPaulTangemfeelabouttheproject? A. Skeptical.B. Worried.C. Confident.D. Satisfied.12 . Whatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthetext? A Africancountriesshouldstandtogether. B TheprogressoftheGGWprojectisslow. C Fightingclimatechangeisourtoppriority. D Naturaldisastersareworsethanwethought.