2021-2022学年北京市朝阳区高三（上）期中考试英语试卷（附答案详解）.pdf

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1、202L2022学年北京市朝阳区高三（上）期中考试英语试卷Marty Verel,a 59-year-old man who had had a kidney transplant in Ohio,should have been near the topof the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine(疫苗).Yet like millions of others,he wasnt havingany scheduling.Marty and his wife,Nancy Verel,would sit with computers on their lap

2、s trying forhours to book on different sites,all of which were slow and complicated.nl felt J Nancy says.Then Nancy heard about Marla Zwinggi,who was spending up to ten hours a day online trying to bookappointments for vulnerable(弱势的)individuals.So Nancy Zwinggi on Facebook:Can you help?Twenty-five

3、minutes later,Zwinggi responded by asking for Martys personal information.Nine minutesafter that,Zwinggi back-Marty had an appointment to get the vaccine.Zwinggis vaccine started on February 1,when she learned that her seriously sick parents wereunable to get appointments themselves.Clicking around

4、on vaccine registration sites,Zwinggi discoveredjust how it was to book an appointment.She applied that web insiders are familiar with.Imdetermined.I drink a lot of coffee,and Im a fast typer,she says.Soon enough,Zwinggihad appointments for both of her parents.Zwinggi decided that helping others wou

5、ld be her way of(9).nI feel like I need to will us out of thispandemic,she says.On February 10,she logged on to Facebook to let people know that she was assistingwith bookings.By March 2,shed booked appointments for 400 people,an impressive achievement thatmade Nancy(10),Zwinggi is some sort of CO V

6、ID angel(天使)1.A.adviceB.funC.moneyD.luck2.A.safeB.hopelessC.ashamedD.positive3.A.messagedB.greetedC.acceptedD.recognized4.A.paidB.lookedC.reportedD.travelled5.A.developingB.huntingC.testingD.giving6.A.difficultB.necessaryC.expensiveD.normal7.A.standardsB.materialsC.resourcesD.strategies8.A.offeredB.

7、checkedC.securedD.cancelled9.A.giving inB.giving backC.giving upD.giving away10.A.guessB.voteC.shareD.conclude11.A London Marathon runner saw a competitor who needed help.The competitor had fallen tothe ground,so he (pick)him up.When he fell down again,he decided to support him to thefinish line 200

8、 metres away.Matthew,the runner who (selfless)helped his competitor,becamefamous on the Internet.The two runners became friends and (meet)at next years LondonMarathon,hopefully.(1)_ _(3)_12.Depop is a shopping app which young people use to buy and sell (use)clothes.Morethan 30 million people from 15

9、0 countries use the app,and some experts believe that Depop will havea big impact on global clothes companies.One of the people sells clothes on Depop is20-year-old Moira Campos.She has about 40,000 followers and (sell)clothes online is her job.Moira and her brother buy old clothes,take photos of th

10、em,and then sell them.Young people likesustainable shopping(4)it is better for the planet.(1)_(2)_(3)_(4)_13.The Chinese company,Neolix,invented driverless cars that have been put in use during theCOVID-19 (deliver)medical supplies to hospitals.Recently,Neolix has partnered with KFCto introduce driv

11、erless food trucks.Customers scan a code with their phones,and theychoose they want in an app.When they pay,the trucks door opens and they take the food out.the outbreak of COVID-19,people did not like cars without a driver.Now,the situation haschanged and people see the benefits of them.(1)_(2)_(3)

12、_ELets be honest:it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times.Sofinding the motivation,while youre learning from home,is extra challenging.Here are a few tips thatcould maximize your motivation.1.Guard Your TimeYou do not need large amounts of time to be productive

13、.Instead,be focused in short blocks when youcan work without interruption.Protect these open times by setting up your workspace to minimizedistractionsincluding silencing notifications(通知)on your cellphone or laptop.2.Determine How Much Work Is NeededWrite down the work you need to achieve,because t

14、here is a limit to how much information you canrecall and process at one time.Examine the remaining projects,and estimate the amount and type of efforteach requires.3.Break Large Projects into Smaller OnesBreaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximumeffic

15、iency and effectiveness.Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order.Also,making a list andcrossing things off that list is really satisfying.4.Set GoalsSet goals related to effort.For example,plan to spend 60 minutes at a specific time of the day studyinga pre-determined concept.Also,set goals

16、 related to the completion of specific tasks or projects.Forinstance,give yourself a deadline to read and take notes on a specific article for a certain paper you mustwrite.5.Identify the RewardsIt pays to clarify the rewards this term-whether those rewards are internal,such as the feeling ofaccompl

17、ishment that comes from understanding a difficult concept well,or external,such as getting agood grade.Work to build good habits and strategies now.It will pay off in the future.14.What skills do the first two tips relate to?A.Writing skills.B.Social skills.C.Teamwork skills.D.Time management skills

18、.15.According to the passage,which can help you most when you are faced with a big task?A.Tip 2.B.Tip3.C.Tip 4.D.Tip 5.16.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To show students how to stay focused on schoolwork.B.To analyze students*difficulties of learning from home.C.To offer students advice o

19、n how to improve productivity.D.To summarize some tips for parents to share with their children.FDepression DiscussionsAlison Maimon was a freshman at the University of Pennsylvania when she got a call from her motherthat would change her life:Her fun,outgoing older brother,Brian,had killed himself.

20、When Maimon returned to school after Brians funeral（葬礼）that spring of 2000,she was stillextremely sad.But when she looked for help on campus,there was no place to turn.Back then,studentswerent encouraged to talk about their mental health.I started reflecting on the fact that there was anenormous nee

21、d to get that conversation going,says Maimon.She was only 19 and had no experience with mental health issues,but that didnt stop her fromlaunching Open Minds at Penn.Now,20 years later and with a new name Active Minds,it is the largestyoung adult mental health advocacy organization in America,with m

22、ore than 550 chapters at high schoolsand colleges.What Im most inspired by is that my generation and the generations coming behind me aretaking on mental health as a social justice issue,says Maimon.Our tools are changing not only theircampuses,but also their families.The mental health statistics on

23、 college campuses are alarming.The American College HealthAssociations 2019 National College Health Assessment found that 45%of students reported feeling sodepressed in the previous 12 months that it was difficult to function;66%felt great anxiety;and 13%seriously considered taking their own life.So

24、 Active Minds peer-to-peer education techniques are moreimportant than ever.I wanted to educate students about the issues,about the signs and symptoms(症状),and aboutwhere一on campus and off campus and online一they can get help for free.Active Minds chaptersempower young adults to speak openly about men

25、tal health so that everybody who needs help gets it asearly as possible.We can*t make it uncomfortable for students to come forward with their stories,she says.(Because thats how were going to have more students graduate and go on to become productive membersof society,and not feel so ashamed like m

26、y brother did.17.In the spring of 2000,Alison Maimons older brother Br i a n.A.attended a funeral B.took his own lifeC.returned to school D.sought help from Open Minds18.Why did Alison Maimon set up Active Minds?A.To make big profits.B.To help depressed young adults.C.To get a good reputation.D.To h

27、elp graduates build skills for jobs.19.What can we learn from Alison Maimons story?A.Great minds think alike.B.Think twice before acting.C.Positive actions make huge differences.D.Hope for the best,prepare for the worst.GMaking predictions gets in the way of the brains ability to remember the presen

28、t moment,new researchsuggests.The hippocampus,a brain structure usually associated with remembering events,also usesexperiences to make forecasts(neuroscientists call this statistical leamingn).But scientists writing in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated tha

29、t the latter function caninfluence the former.Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them that someimage categories always followed others:mountains always came immediately after beaches,for example.They were intended to subconsciously learn these associa

30、tions and begin to expect these pairings.Later,the participants were shown the same photos again,mixed in with new examples,and were asked if theyhad spotted any of them before.They accurately recalled seeing random images at a much better rate thanthe predictive ones（like the beach pictures）.The sc

31、ientists repeated this process while scanning participants*brains with fMRI（功能性核磁共振）.Each image category caused a distinct neural（神经的）activity pattern,and the patterns fbr predictablecategories were seen in the hippocampus when the corresponding predictive category was displayed.Moreover,this effect

32、s strength in fMRI corresponded inversely with participants memory task scores.The more evidence for prediction we saw,the worse their memory was for those predictive items/suchas a particular beach scene,says study lead author and Yale University cognitive（认知）neuroscientistBrynn Sherman.This sugges

33、ts that predictive images caused the hippocampus to shift towardpredictionand away from encoding（编码）a new memory.The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions affects human memory.Scientistspreviously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learning but did not

34、know how itinteracts with memory formation.This paper is a really nice demonstration of the balance where thehippocampus is doing both these things,1 says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long.The team says this compromise occurs because remembering and predicting both use some

35、 of thesame biological pathways.In the paper,the authors compare it with using ones right foot to operate boththe brake 倒 车）and gas pedals（油 门）in a car,but not both at the same time.This system could preventmemory redundancies（冗余）and thus conserve brainpower,1 Sherman says.We still need further rese

36、arch,Long says.nFor instance,how much repetition is needed before thehippocampus shifts from recording to predicting and whether it is possible to train the structure to improveboth modes at the same time.”20.We can learn from the passage t hat.A.predictive images stimulated memory formationB.the hi

37、ppocampus has nothing to do with predictingC.researchers revealed how to balance predicting and rememberingD.the participants remembered random images more quickly and accurately21.What does the underlined word inversely in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.In an opposite way.B.Exactly.C.In the same direc

38、tion.D.Closely.22.Why does the author mention the brake and gas pedals?A.To present an accurate picture of how to drive a car.B.To illustrate that predicting interacts with remembering.C.To stress the difficulties of operating them at the same time.D.To show the importance of using the same biologic

39、al pathways.23.Which would be the best title for this passage?A.The Role of the Hippocampus within MemoryB.Predicting a Situation Benefits Memory FormationC.Forecast or Remember:The Brain Must Choose OneD.Forecast and Remember:The Brain Can Do Both at the Same TimeHIn the USA,youth curfews(宵禁)are tr

40、aditionally issued by a parent in the interest of safety.This typeof curfew is personal,and rightfully so.However,to stop teenagers committing crimes,some officialshave turned youth curfews from family decisions into public laws.The idea may have been thought to have good intentions.In practice,howe

41、ver,these policies have beenshown to be unfair and unconstitutional,according to the American Civil Liberties Union(ACLU).In thetown of Sumner,Washington,a father allowed his fourteen-year-old son to go to a convenience store after11:00 p.m.Sumner had adopted a curfew law that prohibited people unde

42、r the age of eighteen from beingin public places past that hour.The father was fined,and then he pursued a legal challenge against the town.The ACLU,which filed the case on behalf of the father,claimed the curfew laws had violated(侵犯)parents*rights.In the end,Sumnefs curfew laws were struck down.But

43、 isnt it irresponsible not to enforce a curfew on teenagers?Curfew laws supporters argue thatofficials should provide a curfew to ensure teens are home by a reasonable hour.The risk of a seriousaccident is three times as high for drivers aged sixteen to nineteen as for drivers over twenty.And danger

44、sonly increase at night.This indicates to some that a law keeping teens off the road late at night is a positivesafety measure.Still,the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)says that the bestways for drivers to increase safety are by obeying the speed limit,wearing a seat belt,and p

45、aying attention.The NHTSA makes no mention of youth curfews making driving safer.In cities,curfew enforcement has been ineffective or even had a negative impact on communities.Most crimes committed by teens actually happen around 3:00 p.m.,right after school.On non-school days,that time shifts to be

46、tween 7:00 p.m.and 9:00 p.m.The curfew hours,usually between 10:00 p.m.and 6:00a.m.,occur at a time of day when teenage crime is at its lowest.Meanwhile,violent crime rates peakaround 10:00 p.m.for adults.When law enforcement performs the teen curfew sweep,policemen aredistracted from the more serio

47、us violent crimes being committed by adults at that time.Also troubling isthe racial discrimination in cities with curfews.For example,recent data have found that in Minneapolis,Minnesota,56%of youths charged with breaking curfews were African American.Other law enforcementdepartment reports show si

48、milar problems.Curfew laws are criticized because they are enforced in aracially discriminatory way.The ACLU has succeeded in striking down at least one curfew law because of concerns over parentalrights.Along with other community and civil rights groups,it continues to pursue other cases,arguing th

49、atcurfew law enforcement can only increase tension and crime.To arrest teens for driving home from themovies,playing basketball in the park,or simply walking their dog is to punish them for being outsidetheir homesa policy inconsistent with the individual rights established in the U.S.Constitution.2

50、4.What is the authors attitude towards legal curfews for teenagers?A.Disapproving.B.Supportive.C.Uncertain.D.Indifferent.25.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A.Reasonable curfew hours fbr teenagers.B.The necessity of enforcing youth curfews.C.Unwanted consequences of youth curfews.D.The impact