初中英语解题思路—科普环保类(阅读理解).pdf

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1、初 中 英 语 解 题 思 路 一 科 普 环 保 类（阅 读 理 解）科 普 环 保 类 专 项 练 习 学 校:姓 名：班 级：_ 考 号：_题 号-总 分 得 分 一、阅 读 理 解 When you watch TV programs about wildanimals,it is surprising to see how an antelope（羚 羊）can run away from a strong lion.In thewilderness,everyone has his own way to protecthimself.Even plants have their o

2、wn ways tofight off enemies.Over millions of years,plants have developedtheir own defense system（防 卫 系 统）.Chemicals are fantastically used by plants to survive（幸 存）.By making their leaves,flowers,roots and fruitspoisonous（有 毒 的）to enemies,plants can fightback.One such plant is the Golden Wattle tree

3、.TheBritish scientist David Cameron has found whenan animal eats the trees leaves,the amount（数 量）of poison increases in the other leaves.“Itslike the injured leaves telephoning the others tofight together against the enemy,“he said.The tree also sends defense messages toneighboring plants by giving

4、out a special smell.Golden Wattle trees in the nearby 45 meters willget the message and produce more poison within10 minutes.Now,if an enemy eats too many ofthe trees9 leaves,he will die.Every kind of plant or tree is good at producinga special set of chemicals.Herbivores,likerabbits,can safely eat

5、the leaves of one tree,butthey may be poisoned by its neighbor.In this way,plants have not only developed their own defense system,but also shared it withothers.This makes it impossible for a singleanimal to destroy even a small area of forest.1.From the first 2 paragraphs,we can learnt h a t,A.plan

6、ts can do nothing against their enemiesB.chemicals are quite useful for plants tosurviveC.an antelope can always run away from astrong lionD.leaves,roots,flowers and fruits of plants arepoisonous2.If animals eat one Golden Wattle trees leaves,the tree c a n.A.kill the animals with a special smellB.t

7、ell other trees to come to protect itC.warn other trees against the animals on thephoneD.send defense messages to the neighboringplants3.The underlined word“herbivores”in the 5th paragraph probably means animals whichA.produce poison B.liveon small animalsC.like to eatrabbits D.feed on plantsor gras

8、s4.The last paragraph of the passage suggeststhat this kind of defense system i s.A.bad foranimals B.good forforestsC.helpful to someanimals D.harmful to forests5.The passage is mainly a b o u t.A.the examples of protecting forestsB,the balance between animals and plantsC.the ways of plants fighting

9、 against enemiesD.the relationship between lions and antelopesQi Haoran,a Junior 1 student,was quite busy over the past winter vacation-and not just withhomework.Qi,together with 10 other classmatesmade a volunteer group to call on people to jointhe Clean Your Plate Campaign（“光 盘 行 动”）.The 11 studen

10、ts went to many restaurantsand told people the importance of savingfood Excuse me,do you know that 950 millionpeople around the world still havent got enoughto eat?Please dont waste food.”They would saythis kind of thing hundreds of times every day.The Clean Your Plate Campaign began onthe Internet

11、in January.lt calls on people toreduce food waste.China in these years had serious problemswith wasted food.CCTV reported in Januarythat the food Chinese people waste every year isenough to feed 200 million people for a year.Chinese people are well known for beinghospitable（好 客 的）and generous（大 方 的）

12、.Many even feel that they lose face if theirguests have eaten all the food.Luckily,the campaign has got the supportof many.In a restaurant in Xinjiang,the ownergive the guests who have eaten all that theyordered a sticker（贴 花）.People can enjoy a freemeal when they have 10 stickers.More than 750resta

13、urants in Beijing have begun to offersmaller dishes and encourage their guests totake leftovers（剩 饭 剩 菜）home.To reduce food waste is a big task,and itneeds time.Ifs important that everyone doestheir bit,just like Qi.Did you finish your mealstoday?根 据 短 文 内 容，从 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中 选 择 最 恰 当 的 答 案。6.Wha

14、t did the 11 students do in the wintervacation?A.The helped each other with homework.B.They opened a restaurant together.C.They volunteered for a campaign.D.They collected money from customers inrestaurants.7.In this passage the underlined word“call on”m e a n s A.打 电 话 B.号 召 C 拜 访 D.叫 喊 8.The Clean

15、 Your Plate Campaign calls onpeople t o,A.do volunteer work B.work parttime in restaurantsC.cut down on food waste D.wash yourplates after dinner9.From Paragraphs 4-5,we learn t h a t.A.wasting food is a serious problem in ChinaB.Chinese people waste the most food in theworldC.Chinese people want to

16、 show off that they arerichD.most Chinese people are afraid of losing faceat the table10.What did the restaurant in Beijing do tosupport the campaign?A.The owner would have dinner with those who had eaten up their food.B.It offered a free meal to the guests who hadfinished all their food ten times.C

17、.It gave stickers to the guests who orderedsmall dishes.D.It encouraged customers to take leftovershome.In nature,you may see many insects（昆 虫）andanimals of different colors.Have you everwondered why?Locusts are super delicious food forbirds,but it is not always an easy job for birds tocatch them.lt

18、 is neither because locusts are goodjumpers or runners nor because they aresmarter than their enemies.The reason is thatthe colors of locusts change with the colors ofcrops（庄 稼）.When crops are young,locusts lookgreen.But when autumn comes,locusts changeto the yellow and brown color as crops do.Brown

19、 bears,tigers and other animals move quietly through forests.They cant be seen easilyby their enemies.This is because they havecolors similar to the trees.For the same reason,polar bears that live on a land of snow and iceare white.Butterflies and bees living among theflowers are colorful like flowe

20、rs.Soil insects aremostly dark-colored and they live under thesoil（土 壤）in a dark and wet environment.However,insects with colors different fromplants can easily be found and eaten by others.So in order to survive,they have to hidethemselves in the daytime and appear only atnight.Have you ever notice

21、d some even strangeracts?The ink fish in the sea can send out somevery black ink when it faces danger.As the inkspreads over,its enemies will find themselvessuddenly in a dark world.At the same time theink fish immediately swims away.That is how itkeeps itself safe though it is not strong at all.11.

22、It is not easy for birds to catch locusts b e c a u s e.A.locusts are good runners B.locusts can jump very highC.locusts are smarter than birds D.locusts can change their color12,According to the passage,most soilinsects_A.do not have bright colorsB.change their colors with the soilC.do not live in

23、a dark and wet environmentD.Eat colorful insects like butterflies and bees13.Whats the meaning of the underlinedword99survive2 in the passage?A.繁 殖 B.产 卵 C.觅 食 D.生 存 14.The ink fish so that its enemies willnot see it?A.changes its color B.makes the water around it blackC.appears only at night D.hide

24、s itself in the sea rocks 15.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Some insects and animals have differentskills.B.Some insects and animals are clever than wethink.C.Some insects and animals use colors toprotect themselves.D.Some insects and animals can get used to theenvironment easily.Many child

25、ren think mobile phones are cool.They come in fun colors and let you talk withfriends anytime and anywhere.In the U.S.,more than 90 million people usemobile phones.Many of these people arechildren.For children,mobile phones are morethan phone calls.They are fashionable.Most mobile phone users dont t

26、hink aboutthe health problems caused（引 起）by mobilephones.Some scientists say that mobile phonesgive off radiation（辐 射）that might be bad for the users.One newest study shows that mobilephone radiation might raise（增 力 口）a personschance of getting some kinds of cancer（癌 症）.Other scientists say mobile p

27、hones dontthreaten peoples health.They say that theyhave not found any link（联 系）between phoneuse and cancer.Scientists say that people can protect（保 护）themselves from mobile phone radiation.Oneway is to use a headset（耳 机）.Or people canmake shorter call.16.Many children like mobile phones becausethey

28、 think mobile phones a r e.A.cool B.small C.cheapD.their toys17.Many of the mobile phone users in the U.S.a r e A.girls B.boys C.scientistsD.children18.Some scientists think mobile phones arentfor users health.They causes some kinds of cancerA.bad B.good C.wrongD.helpful19.The underlined word“threat

29、en”in thepassage m e a n s.A.威 胁.B.担 心 C 治 疗 D.证 实 20.What should people do to protect themselvesfrom mobile phone radiation?A.Make longer calls B.Use a headset C.Make shorter calls D.Both B and CThis March,the H7N9 vims（病 毒）hit Shanghai,Anhui,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and so on.It seemedthat most people who

30、 were infected（被 感 染）with H7N9 had the common flu.Some peoplesuffered from a fever or a cough.Dont be afraid ifs not easy to be infected withthe virus.Here is some advice to help youprotect yourself when it comes.Wash your hands.You need to wash your hands with soap and hot water before you eat,afte

31、ryou use the toilet,and after you touch animals,because your hands may carry viruses.Cover your nose and mouth.When someonesneezes（打 喷 嚏）or coughs,flu viruses can travelas far as one meter through the air,so youdbetter stand a proper distance（距 离）whiletalking to someone who has a cold.And alwayscove

32、r your mouth and nose with a piece of paperwhen you sneeze or cough,and then clean yourhands.Wear a mask（口 罩）.Some doctors say thatmasks can stop the flu as much as 80%,but ifyou dont wash your hands often,its no usewearing a mask.And ifs necessary to wear themask in the groups of people.Do sports o

33、ften.Exercises will help make yourbody strong enough to resist the virus.21.When did the H7N9 virus hit Shanghai?A.In March,2013.B.In May,2013.C.InMarch,2012.22.Which of the following is TRUE according tothe passage?A.Some people who were infected with theH7N9 virus had a toothache.B,You should cove

34、r your mouth and nose with apiece of paper when you sneeze or cough.C Some doctors say that masks can stop the fluas much as 100%.23.How many ways to stop the virus arementioned in the passage?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.24.What does the underlined word“resist”mean in Chinese?A.抵 抗 B.传 播 C.感 染 25.W hafs t

35、he main idea of this passage?A.It tells us how to wash hands.B,It tells us why we should use masks.C.It gives us some advice on how to protectourselves when the H7N9 virus comes.Carrots（胡 萝 卜）are grown on farms and insmall family gardens all over the world.Theyare easy to plant and easy to harvest（收

36、 获）.They have a good taste.When people think about carrots,they usuallythink they are a kind of long,thin,orange-colored vegetable.In fact,carrots are inmany different sizes and shapes.And not allcarrots are orange.Carrots should be grown in a field that does nothave water for a long time.The earth

37、alsoshould not be too hard.To prepare your carrotgarden,dig up the earth and turn it over（翻 土）.Weather,soil condition（土 壤 状 况），and timeaffect（影 口 向）the taste of carrots.Warm days andcool nights are the best time to grow greatdelicious carrots.The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvest

38、ed is by its color.Usually,the brighterthe color is,the better the taste is.Most people do not know that carrots can begrown during the winter months.If the winter isnot cold enough to freeze the ground,you cangrow carrots the same way as you do during thesummer months.Carrots are prepared and eaten

39、 in manydifferent ways.They are cut into thin pieces andcooked with other vegetables or meat.Or,theyare washed,and eaten just as they come out ofthe ground.26.Carrots are easy to plant but hard toharvest.27.Carrots should be grown in a field withoutwater for a long time.28.The best way to decide if

40、a carrot is ready tobe harvested is by its size.29.Everyone knows that carrots can be grownduring the winter months.30.We can prepare and eat carrots in many different ways.Hi Brad,Ifs good to hear from you again.I And that Imnot good at writing compositions.Its hard forme to prepare the form of a c

41、omposition andorganize sentences.Could yen tell me how todeal with this problem?I would reallyappreciate if you offer me some good methods.Best wishes,CindyHi Cindy,A composition is really a story and any story istold to an audience.There is a form for this andit is in three parts.First,tell them(th

42、e audience)what you are going to tell them.Then tell them,and finally tell them what you told them.Partsone and three are short and most of theinformation is in part two.It works like this.Lefs say you are asked to write a 200-wordcomposition about your visit to the Great Wall.You would begin with a

43、n opening sentence ortwo saying something like The Great Wall ofChina is a national landmark that is famousaround the world.I visited it last summer and Iwant to tell you about it.That uses about 25words to tell them what you are going to tellthem.The second part would be about 150 words andwould co

44、ntain information about the Great Wallsuch as how long it is,when it was built,whobuilt it and why,the fact that it is one of theseven wonders of the world and you would talkabout how you felt and what you thought whenyou visited this national treasure.This is tellingthem.Finally,you would use about

45、 another 25 wordsto say something like“That was my first visit tothe Great Wall and it was a very emotionalexperience to actually touch something so old and fam ous.每 个 中 国 人 至 少 参 观 长 城 一 次.1plan to go back whenever I can.Here,you aretelling them what you told them in the story andwrapping it all u

46、p into a neat package.Thisformula（惯 例）works for both compositions andspeeches and I think you will find it helps toorganize your thoughts.I hope ifs helpful.Best wishes,Brad Franklin31.将 文 中 处 的 画 线 部 分 翻 译 成 汉 语：32.(A)试 写 出 文 中 处 画 线 部 分 landmark的 汉 语 意 思：.(B)下 面 有 四 个 在 文 中 出 现 的 单 词，请 找 出 画 线 部 分

47、 发 音 哪 个 与 众 不 同？.A.work B.word C.information D.world33.将 文 中 处 的 汉 语 翻 译 成 英 语：34.从 文 中 找 出 适 当 的 词 组 填 空：How I wish toget a letter from you soon!How I wish t o you soon!35.用 英 语 回 答 问 题：Whats the main idea ofthepassage?.When you look up into the sky at night,haveyou ever felt that your eyes are pl

48、aying tricks on（捉 弄）you?It seems that the stars are movingall the time.Actually,there is nothing wrong with your eyes.This twinkling effect is called scintillation（交 光）.Scintillation happens because of air movementsin the earths atmosphere（大 气）.Light is“bent（弯 曲 的）”when it travels through differentp

49、arts of the earths atmosphere.As the air in theearth9s atmosphere is moving all the time,thelight from the stars looks as if it is moving too.The same thing also happens to things on the ground.On a very hot and shiny day,if you lookat the road,the image in the distance is not clearand things move s

50、lightly.You can also see thesame effect if you drop a rock into water.Therock appears a little unclear under the movingwater.This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems forastronomers（天 文 学 家）since they cannotobserve the stars clearly.A telescope（望 远 镜）was sent into space so that the air movement