初中英语语法重难点概括语法习题检测.pdf

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1、请您认真阅读确认下载使用初中英语语法重难点概括+语法习题检测英语语法知识难点(一)(-)形容词和副词I.要点A.形容词1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:He is honest and hardworking.I found the book interesting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:The rich and the poor live in different parts ofthe city.The English like to be with their families.多个形

2、容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:the secondfive interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.2、形容词比较等级的形式(1)规则形式请您认真阅读确认下载使用一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加一er;-e st来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,most.如:great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-(the)mostimportant(2)

3、不规则形式good(well)-better-bestbad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least(3)形容词比较等级的用法表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than.如:He is cleverer than the other boys.This one is more beautiful than that one.表示两者以上的比较,用“the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in).“如:He is the cleverest boy in his class.表示两者是同等程度,用“as+形容词原级+as”.如:H

4、e is as tall as I.I have as many books as you.请您认真阅读确认下载使用越 越例如:The more I learn,the happier I am.You can never be too careful.越小心越好又如:You can never praise the teacher toohighly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天。I have never had a better dinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。My English

5、 is no better than yours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B.副词1、副词的种类(1)时间副词如:ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等(2)地点副词如:here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。(3)方式副词 如:carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。(4)程度副词如:almost,nearly,much,greatly,a bit,

6、a little,hardly,so,very等。请您认真阅读确认下载使用2、副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:Of all the boys he sings(the)most beautifully.We must work harder.3、某些副词在用法上的区别(1)already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:Weve already watched that film.I havent

7、 finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.(2)too,as well,also,eithertoo,as well和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和aswell多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如:He went there too.He didnt go there either.I like you as well.I also went there.请您认真阅读确认下载使用(3)hard,hardlyhar

8、dly意为“几乎”与hard在词义上完全不同。如:I work hard every day.I can hardly remember that.(4)late,latelylately意为 最近、近来“，late意为“晩、迟“。如:He never es late.Have you been to the museum lately?例 1 Toms father thinks he is alreadyA high enough B tall enoughC enough high C enough tall解 析:该题正确答案是瓦修饰人高用ta而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修

9、饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。例2 the worse I seem to be.A When I take more medicineB The more medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicineD More medicine taken解 析:该题正确答案为B。the+形容词比较级+.,the+形容词比较级+.“意为越.,越.该句意为:吃的请您认真阅读确认下载使用药越多,我的病越是加重。例3l havent been to London yet.I havent been thereA too B also C either D n

10、either解析:该题正确答案为G A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定“两者都不”,而0either则用于否定句中,意为“也例4 Mr Smith was moved at the news.A deep B deeply C very deep D quitedeeply解析:该题正确答案为B。A.deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。(二)介词I.要点1、介词和种类(1)简单介词,常用的有at,

11、in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。(2)复合介词，如by means of,along with,becauseof,in front of,instead of等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系请您认真阅读确认下载使用(1)和动词的搭配,如agree with,ask for,belongto,break away from,care about等。(2)和形容词的搭配，如afraid of,angry with,different from,good at(3)和名词的搭配,如answer to,key to,reason

12、for,cause of,visit to等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,pletely等少数几个副词。如:He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.4、某些介词的意义与用法举例(1)at,on,in(表时间)表示时间点用at,如at four oclock,at midnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time,atChristmas 等。指某天用on,如on Monday,on t

13、he end ofNovember,指某天的朝夕用。n,如。n Friday morning,on the afternoon of September 1st等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon,inFebruary,in Summer,in 1999等。(2)between,among(表位置)请您认真阅读确认下载使用between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between,如Im sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.amo

14、ng用于三者或三者以上之间。如:He is the best among the students.(3)beside,besidesbeside意为”在.旁边“，而besides意为“除.之外“。如:He sat beside me.What do you want besides this?(4)in the tree,on the treein the tree指动物或人在树上,而on the tree指果实、树叶长在树上(5)on the way,in the way,by the way,in thiswayon the way指在路上in the way指挡道by the way指

15、顺便问一句in this way用这样的方法(6)in the corner,at the cornerin the corner指在拐角内at the corner指在拐角外(7)in the morning,on the morningin the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指请您认真阅读确认下载使用某一天的早晨(8)by bus,on the busby bus是一般说法on the bus特指乘某一辆车I I.例题例 1 Do you know any other foreignlanguage English?A except B but C bes

16、ide D besides解析:A、B两项except等于b u t,意为“除了”，C-beside意为“在.旁边“，不符合题意。而D-besides,意为“除了.之外,还有二所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗?例2 He suddenly returned a rainy night.A on B at C in D during解析:我们均知道,at night这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晩,则要用介词。n来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。例3 Im looking forward your letter.A to B in C at D on解析

17、:该题正确答案为A。look forward to为固定搭配,意为“期望、盼望“。(=)连词请您认真阅读确认下载使用I.要点1、连词的种类(1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and,for,or,both.and,either.or,neither.nor等。(2)从属连词用来引导从句,如that,if,whether,when,after,as soon as等。除了从属连 词(引导状语从 句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从 句)。2、常用连词举例(1)and和,并且They drank and s

18、ang all night.(2)both.and 和,既.也.Both my parents and I went there.(3)but但是，而Im sad,but he is happy.(4)either.or 或.或.，要么.要么.Either youre wrong,or I am.(5)for因为I asked him to stay,for I had something to tellhim.请您认真阅读确认下载使用(6)however然而,可是Af first,he didnt want to go there.Later,however,he decided to go

19、.neither.nor既不也不Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees withyou.(8)not only.but(also)不但.而且.He not only sings well,but also dances well.(9)or或者，否则Hurry up,or youll be late.Are you a worker or a doctor?(10)so因此,所以Its getting late,so I must go.(11)although 虽然Although it was late,they went on working.(12)

20、as soon as.就Ill tell him as soon as I see him.(13)because 因为He didnt go to school,because he was ill.(14)unless除目如果不I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow.(15)until 直到.请您认真阅读确认下载使用He didnt leave until eleven.(瞬间动词用于not.until结构)He stayed there until eleven.(16)while当.时候,而(表示对比)While I stayed there,I me

21、t a friend of mine,(while后不可用瞬间动词)My pen is red while his is blue.(17)for 因为He was ill,for he didnt e.(结论是推断出来的)(18)since自 从.I have lived here since my uncle left.(19)hardly.when一 就I had hardly got to the station when the trainleft.(20)as far as 就.来说As far as I know,that country is very small.You ma

22、y walk as far as the lake.(一直走到湖那里)I I.例题例 1 John plays fo o t b a ll,if not better than,David.A as well B as well as C so well D so well as解析:该题意为:John踢足球如果不比David好的话,请您认真阅读确认下载使用那也踢得和David样好。和样好为as well as.故该题正确答案为B。例2 She thought I was talking about herd a u g h te r,in fact,I was talking about m

23、ydaughter.A when B where C which D while解析:该处意为“然而”,只有while有此意思,故选D。例3 Would you like a cup of coffee shall weget down to business right away?A.and B.then C.or D.otherwise解析:该处意为”或者，正确答案为U英语语法知识难点(二)(四)动词时态、语态I.要点1、一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes,always,often,every day等时间状语连用。如:Sometimes,we go

24、 swimming after school.(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如:The earth goesround the sun.请您认真阅读确认下载使用2、现在进行时(1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。如:What are you doing now?(2)和always,continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如:He is always doing good deeds.3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just,already,sofa

25、r,once,never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been toBeijing?4、一般将来时表示将来某时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow,next year等连用。如:Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrowmorning.Were going to see a film next Monday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,in 1998,a momentago等词连用。如:It happened many years ago.请您认真阅

26、读确认下载使用6、过去进行时表示过去某时刻或某时期正在发生的动作。如:What were you doing this time yesterday?7、过去完成时表示在过去某时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如:The train had already left before we arrived.8、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如:He said he would ef but he didnt.9、被动语态 被动语态的时态,以give为例。将来 shall shall时/式一般进行完成amamhas现在isiveng is beingbeengivena

27、rearehavewaswas过去givenwerebeinggivenwerehad beengiven请您认真阅读确认下载使用havebe been givengiven willwillshouldshould过去将 havebe来 been givengivenwouldwouldI I.例题例 1 I learned that her father in 1950.A had died B died C dead D is dead解析:该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950,所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般

28、过去时态。例 2 The five-year-old girl by her parents.A is looked B has looked forC is being looked for D has been looked解析:该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中。请您认真阅读确认下载使用（五）动词虚拟语气I.要点表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。1、虚拟语气的构成情景条件从句 的谓 语 动主句的谓语动词词should与现在事动

29、词过去 式（be要+动词原实相 反 用were）形wouldshould与过去事had+过去分词实相反+have+过去分词would1、动词过去时should2、should+动词与将来事原形实相反+动词原形3were to+动词would原形请您认真阅读确认下载使用注:如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should,could有时可将if省去,但要倒装。如:Had you(If you had)invited us,we would have eto your party.2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是“should(可省

30、)+动词原形”,常用于以下三种句型中。句型一:It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that.句型二:It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc)that.句型三:It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that.如:It is strange that he(should)have done that.It is a pity that he(should)be so careless.It is requested that we(should)be so

31、careless.(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,mand等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。如:I suggest that we(should)go swimming.(3)在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建请您认真阅读确认下载使用议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。从句谓语形式是(should)+动词原形”。如:His suggestion is tha

32、t we(should)leave at once.(4)在同位语从句中,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形。如:We received order that the work be done at once.(5)在It is time that句型中,其谓语动词形式是“动词的过去式“或should+动词原形,should不可省。如:Its time(that)we went(should go)to school.I I.例题例 1 We had hoped that he longer.A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay解析:该题正

33、确答案为D。had hoped表示 本希望，同样用法的动词还有think,expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气例 2 Mary wants to see you today.I would rather she tomorrow than today.A es B came C should e D will e解析:该题正确答案为B。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用动词过去时表示。请您认真阅读确认下载使用例 3 Had she been older,she it better.A had done B might have done C might do Dwould d

34、o解 析:Had she been older=If she had been old,故该题正确答案为B。(六)短语动词I.要点英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种:(1)动词+介词常见的有look for,look after,send for,care about,ask for,laugh at,hear of(from),add to,lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Dont laugh at others.I didnt care abou

35、t it.(2)动词+副词常见的有give up,pick up,think over,find out,hand in,point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,请您认真阅读确认下载使用既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:YoWH hand in yourhomework tomorrow.Please dont forget to hand it in.(3)动词+副词+介词常见的有look down upon,go on with,break awayfrom,add up to,catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾

36、语只能放在介词后边。如:All his money added up to no more than$100.After a short rest,he went on with his researchwork.(4)动词+名词+介词常见的有take care of,make use of,pay attentionto,make fun of等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.(5)动词+形容词常见的有leave open

37、,set free,cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:The prisoners were set free.请您认真阅读确认下载使用He cut it open.（6）动词+名词常见的有take place,make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.（7）辨析give away（让给,暴露）和give u p倣 弃,停

38、 止）put away倣 起，收起）和put out（扑灭）turn up（出席，放大）和turn on（打开）keep out（阻止）和keep off（不让靠近）make up（编造,补上）和make out（辨认）take off（脱，起飞）和take o u t偉 出）I I.例题例 1 It is wise to have some money for old age.A put away B kept up C given away D laid up解析:该题正确答案为A。意为“存；keep up意为“继续“；give away意为”分发“；lay up”贮藏”。例 2 Here

39、smy card.Lets keep i n.A touch B relation C connection Dfriendship解析:该题正确答案为A.keep in touch为短语动词，意请您认真阅读确认下载使用为“保持联系”。例 3!Theres a train ing.A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Lookon解析:该题选A.look out意为“小心”。(七)动词不定式I.要点1、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。式|语态 主动语态 被动语态一般式 to write to be writtento have written

40、to have been完成式written进 彳 亍 式 to be writing完成进彳亍式to have been writing2、不定式的句法功能(1)作主语To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后。如:lts nice to hear fromyou.请您认真阅读确认下载使用Its not easy to be a good teacher.(2)作宾语通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,beg

41、in,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。如:I forgot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.(3)作表语My job is to pick up letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.(4)作定语不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如:I have two letters to write.I have a lot of work to do.(5)作宾补通常用于want,wish,ask,orde

42、r,tell,know,help,advise,allow,cause,force等词后。如:He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his order.(6)作状语He got up early to catch the first bus.He worked hard to catch up with the otherstudents.请您认真阅读确认下载使用(7)作独立成分To tell you the truth,I told a lie.(8)”疑问词+不定式”结构。如:I dont know how to cho

43、ose them.I cannot decide where to go.(9)不定式的否定式。如:I decided not to go.(10)不定式的完成式。如:He seemed to have cleaned the room before Icame in.The boy is said to have been sent to the hospitallast week.(11)too.t。结构。如:He was too excited to go to sleep.He was only too glad to go.(他太高兴了,乐意去)(12)主动表被动。如:The boo

44、k is easy to read.I have a book to read.I I.例题例 1 I havent got a c h a i r.A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting解析:该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语,修饰名请您认真阅读确认下载使用词chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是“动宾关系，所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处。n不能省略。例2 He was m a d e.A go B gone C going Dto go解析:该题选D。make sb.d。sth.如果是被动形式,不定式do前的t

45、o不能省略。例3 A new factory is very soon.A to be built B builtC to build D to building解析:该题选A。is to be built意为“将要被建”。(八)动名词I.要点动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。1、动名词的形式,以write为例。式|语态 主动语态 被动语态一般式 writing being writtenhaving been完成式 having writtenwritten否定式not+动名词2、动名词的用法(1)作主语请您认真阅读确认下载使用Playing football is my f

46、avorite sport.Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时,可用it作形式主语。如:It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.(2)作宾语I enjoy playing PC game.He gave up writing five years ago.(3)作表语What he hated most was doing nothing.Seeing is believing.动名词作表语时,句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。(4)作定语There

47、s a dining room in my school.All the people watching laughed.(5)动名词的复合结构“物主代词(或名词的所有格)+动名词如:Toms going home late made her mother angry.Would you mind my opening the window?不过,动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时,必须用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格)。无生命名词请您认真阅读确认下载使用The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.Fire burns better by

48、 oxygen being at work.有生命名词,但表泛指。Have you ever heard of girls smoking?两个以上的有生命的名词并列。Do you still remember my parents and me ing tosee you that day?3,后面常接动名词的动词和短语mind,enjoy,finish,consider,practise,magine,keep,suggest,advise,allow,permit,be worth doing,be used to doing,be busy doing,cant help doing,

49、it is no good doing,it is no usedoing,look forward to doing,stick to doing,payattention to doing,devote to doing,lead to doingI I.例题例 1 She says she doesnt feel like out withyou.A going B to go C for going D went解析:该题正确答案为A。feel like=want,此处like为介词,后面要接名词或动名词作宾语请您认真阅读确认下载使用例 2 The garden n e e d s.A

50、 water B watering C to water D watered解析:该题正确答案为B。need=want=require.如果物作主语,此三者后要接动名词或t。be done这结构作宾语。例 3 Excuse me you.A interrupting B to interruptC interrupted D to have interrupted解析:该题正确答案为A。excuse后接动名词作宾语,此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语（常用于口语中）。（九）分词I.要点分词既具有动词的些特征,又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于