2021年北京市高考英语试卷真题.pdf

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1、2021年 北 京 市 高 考 真 题 英 语 试 卷 北 京 卷-英 语 本 试 卷 共 11页，共 100分.考 试 时 长 90分 钟.考 生 务 必 在 答 题 卡 指 定 区 域 作 答，在 试 卷 上 作 答 无 效.考 试 结 束 后，将 本 试 卷 和 答 题 卡 一 并 交 回.第 一 部 分 知 识 运 用（共 两 节，30分）第 一 节（共 10小 题；每 小 题 1.5分，共 15分）阅 读 下 面 短 文，掌 握 其 大 意，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑.Recently

2、,I took a trip home by train.I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharpeyes,who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.Thewomans eye fell on the mans face,and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf.As the night wore on,people began to close their eyes,but the

3、 seats were so uncomfortablethat only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 The woman looked over at theman.He was still staring at her.She looked back at him with fire in her eyes.I was beginning toget 4,too.The train moved on.The little boy was 5 awake on his mothers lap,but the womandrop

4、ped off to sleep.A moment later,he began to 6 the half-open windowone leg wentover it.The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out.The 8 woke up the woman.She seemed to be in 9,and then reality dawned（显 现）.u Your child has been looking fbr an opportunity to climb out of the window,“the

5、mansaid as he gave the child back to her.”So I have been watching the whole time.The womanw as 10,and so was I.1.A.guiding B.bothering C.watching D.monitoring2.A.adjusted B.changed C.packed D.waved3.A.air B-joy C.space D.rest4.A.nervous B.embarrassed C.angry D.disappointed5.A.almost B.still C.hardly

6、 D.even6 A.drag B.climb C.knock D.push7.A.grabbed B.rocked C.touched D.picked8.A.alarm B.quarrel C.risk D.noise9.A.sorrow10.A.astonishedB.reliefB.confusedC.panicC.concernedD.painD.inspired第 二 节(共 10小 题；每 小 题 1.5分，共 15分)A阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空.在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的

7、 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。Why do we dream?Scientists arent completely sure,and they have diverse 1 1(idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sortsthrough everything 12 happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to oldmemories.As it 13(conne

8、ct)things,your brain turns them into a story,and you get adream.B阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空.在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播 主)，and he live streams himself just going about hisday.While riding his bike home 14 a

9、 cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderlywoman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasnt able to give him any informationabout 15 she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could16(safe)wait for the police to take her home.C阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空.在 未 给

10、 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。There 17(be)a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past20 years,18(cause)largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report fromthe United Nations.From 2000 to 2019,there were 7,3

11、48 major natural disasters around theworld,19(result)in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can bedue to climate change.The findings show a critical need 20(invest)in disasterprevention.第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解(共 两 节，38分)第 一 节(共 14小 题；每 小 题 2 分，共 28分)阅 读 下 列 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选

12、 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑.AIf you are planning to start a career in the field of education,science,or culture,then aninternship（实 习）at UNESCO will be ideal for you.Who can apply?You have completed your full-time university studies；or.You are studying in a graduate program for a masters

13、degree.Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies ina technical institution.What are the requirements?You must be at least 20 years old.You should have a good command（掌 握）of either English or French.You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related soft

14、ware.You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international workingenvironment.You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.What do you need to prepare?Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas.Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the loca

15、tion where youwill do your internship.Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有 效 的）in the target country for the entire period of the internship.UNESCO will providelimited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period.Medical certificate：You mu

16、st provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit towork.Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out theapplication fbnn.Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for sixmonths.We do not respond to every candidate.I

17、f selected,you will be contacted by a manager.Ifyou do not receive any update within six months,it means that your application has not beensuccessful.21.According to this passage,applicants are required t o A.hold a masters degree in scienceB.have international work experienceC.be fluent in either E

18、nglish or FrenchD.present a letter from a technical institution22.What will UNESCO provide fbr the internship period?A.Limited medical insurance coverage.B.Training in communication skills.C.A medical certificate fbr work.D.Financial support for travel.23.What should applicants do before filling out

19、 the application form?A.Contact UNESCO managers.B.Get access to the database.C.Keep a motivation letter at hand.D.Work in a team fbr six months.BI remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学 期）project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.When th

20、e teacher introduced us tothe different organizations that needed our help,my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children（OIC）.My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of adifference with the plans I had in mind.Then,an OIC representative gave us some details,whi

21、ch somewhat interested me.Afterdoing some research,I believed that we could really do something fbr those kids.When I wentonline to the OIC website,I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful insending a message of their despair（绝 望）and need that I joined this project withouthe

22、sitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible,and make them intokits-one kit,one child.The most rewarding day fbr our group was project day,when all the efforts we put intocollecting the items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected,it hitme that e

23、very kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqichild.Over the past four months,I had never imagined how I would feel once our project wascompleted.While making the kits,I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.Ihad only focused on the fact that i

24、t was another school project and one I wanted to get a goodgrade on.When the kits were completed,and ready to be sent overseas,the warm feeling I hadwas one 1 would never forget.In the beginning,I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now thatour project is over,I realize t

25、hat I have affected not only one life,but ten.With our efforts,tenyoung boys and girls will now be able to further their education.24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?A.It would affect his/her initial plans.B.It would involve traveling overseas.C.It would not br

26、ing him/her a good grade.I）It would not live up to his/her expectations.25.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?A.Images of Iraqi children.B.Research by his/her classmates.C.A teachefs introduction.D.A representative comments.26.The authors OIC project group would

27、 help ten Iraqi children t o.A.become OIC volunteers B.further their educationC.study in foreign countries D.influence other children27.What can we conclude from this passage?A.One*s potential cannot always be underrated.B.First impression cannot always be trusted.C.Actions speak louder than words.1

28、）.He who hesitates is lost.CHundreds of scientists,writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an openletter published last December:Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the riskof global collapse.Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as”acred

29、ible scenario（情 景）this century”.A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events,food insecurity,and freshwatershortages might create global collapse.Of course,if you are a non-human species,collapse is wellunderway.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in

30、 this moment ofstill-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advancednations.Not very long ago,it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and thatsafety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholars,warni

31、ng letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like orwhen it might happen.Collapseology,the study of collapse,is more concemed with identifyingtrends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization.Among the signatories（签 署 者）of thewarning was Bob Johnson,the originator of the ecological f

32、ootprinf,concept,which measuresthe total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the currentfootprint of humanity,uit seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form,possiblywithin a decade,certainly within this century,“Johnson said in an email.“Only if

33、we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits the December warningletter says,“can we have the hope to reduce their speed,severity and harm.And yet messengersof the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.We all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote,Man is a victim o f d

34、ope（麻 醉 品）In the incurable form o f hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执 着）on quieting hope that ignorespreparedness.4Lefs look directly into the issue of collapse,they say,“and deal with the terriblepossibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling fiitu

35、re.”28.What does the underlined word“germane“in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.29.As for the public awareness of global collapse,the author i s.A.worried B.puzzledC.surprised D.scared30.What can we leam from this passage?A.The signatories may change the bioph

36、ysical limits.B.The author agrees with the message of the poem.C.The issue of collapse is being prioritized.D.The global collapse is well underway.DEarly fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time wasunless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle whe

37、n he theorized that timevaries depending on where you measure it.Todays state-of-the-art atomic（原 子 的）clocks haveproven Einstein right.Even advanced physics cant decisively tell us what time is,because theanswer depends on the question youre asking.Forget about time as an absolute.What if,instead of

38、 considering time in terms ofastronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set thetempo（节 奏）of human life?WeYe increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earthsystems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate（调 节）our actions if wehop

39、e to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstanceson our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.Were now building aclock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total

40、 flow of several major Alaskan rivers,whichare sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We*ve programmed it to match an atomicclock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future onaverage,the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they ru

41、n slower,youll see the oppositeeffect.The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It*sa sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时 I可 框 架）,and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or pho

42、nes.Anyone whoopts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone whoconsiders river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may bemotivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.Even if this method of timekee

43、ping is novel in its particulars,early agricultural societies alsoconnected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,peoplecorrectedofficial calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change ofseason.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their

44、survival.Likewise,river timeand other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage environmental awareness.When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time,he highlighted one of times mostnoticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping systemis vali

45、d,and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.31.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.B.Everyone can define time on their own terms.C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.D.Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.32.The auth

46、or raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly t o.A.present an assumption B.evaluate an argumentC.highlight an experiment D.introduce an approach33.What can we learn from this passage?A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.B.New ways of measuring time can help to control

47、Earth systems.C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.D.Modem technology may help to shape the rivers9 temporal frame.34.What can we infer from this passage?A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.C.We should live in ha

48、rmony with nature.D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.第 二 节（共 5 小 题；每 小 题 2 分，共 10分）根 据 短 文 内 容，从 短 文 后 的 七 个 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑.选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项.Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.35The mental health benefits from m

49、usic cant be argued.Music could also be helping you withmany other health problems behind the scenes.36 However,for the same reason,music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.Bydistracting（分 心）the mind from the pain,music,people say,can lower stress and anxietylevels.This,of course,can lead to l

50、ess pain.Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.37 Whilethe validity of the idea is still being assessed,the lowered stress can even be tied back to bloodpressure.Similarly,according to researchers,listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every daymay help with healt