2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习:第9讲-动词及动词短语(一)教案.pdf
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1、课程主题:动词及动词短语(-)2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习学习目标1.了解动词的基本类型及基本用法;2.通过各种题型的练习,提高解题的能力。教学内容【进门测试】1.Yueda G roup has found a way to the waste and doesnt put it into the river any more.A.produce B.recycle C.require D.protect2.一Im sorry to on you,but there are one or two things I dont understand.It doesnt matter.A
2、.cut down B.cut out C.cut in D.cut off3.-How is our government going to deal with the office building?一 It will be a library.A.turned off B.turned on C.turned out D.turnedinto4.1 t is necessary for schools to the need of all the students development.A.cut B.hide C.refuse D.satisfy5.I dont know where
3、 to go this summer vacation.一Why not visiting Jingzhou?There are many places of interest.A.regard B.consider C.wonder D.suggest6.These oranges look nice,but very sour.A.feel B.taste C.sound D.look7.The company to complete work in two months.A.except B.introduces C.expects D.compares8.Murray plans to
4、 study art in the U.K.His friends will him off at the airport next week.A.take B.see C.leave9.一Dad,Ill be in the final singing competition tomorrow.Be careful not to get a sore throat and your voice.A.lose B.raise C.dropD.break10.Sorry,Tve forgotten your name.Can you_me?一Im Daniel.A.remind B.receive
5、 C.respect D.remember【答案】1-5BCDDB 6-10 BCBAA【多元导学】|+宾语实乂动词+复合宾语.不及物动词系动词:be seem sound t turn become等+表语动词的 f+doingqbe种类+done、+done助动词4 have(has,had),t.、十been doingdo(does did)w ill,shall would 9 should情态动词:may,can,must might,could等【互动精讲】【知识梳理1】动词分类1.动词可以分为四类:实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。类 别意 义例 句实义动词含有实在的意义,
6、表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。She has some bananas.她吃些香蕉。They eat a lot 社pofafoes.他们常吃土豆。I9nt reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。His fatherjs a Eeac/z.他父亲是教师。Twins usually look the same.双胞胎通常看起来一样。The teacher became very angry.老师变得很生气。助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示
7、否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。He doesn 7 speak English.他不说英语。We are playing basketball.我们在打篮球。Do you have a brother?你有兄弟吗?情态动词本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。You can keep the books for two weeks.这些书你可以借两个星期。May I smoke here?我亘以在这儿抽烟吗?We must go n o w.我
8、们现在得走了。【知识梳理2】实义动词:实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1.及物动词(vt)及物动词本身意义完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。I like this book very much.I saw the children play in the park yesterday.Please pass me the salt.批注:常见的带双宾语的动词有 give,bring,buy,get,leavejend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read,return不及物动词
9、(vi.)不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。2.不及物动词(vi):不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。如果接宾语的话,需要在动词后加介词。Horses run fast.Listen to the teacher carefully.He turned off the light when he left.Please pay attention to the phrases in the article.She is satisfied with what I did.【例题精讲】实义动词例 1:As soon as she at home,Sally knew she had boug
10、ht the wrong dress.(2017苏州)A.handed it in B.tried it on C.cut it out D.made it up【答案】B【解 析 峋 意:莎莉在家一试穿就知道她买错了裙子.结合后文的dress用短语try on试穿,代词it放中间,handin 上交,cut out切断,make up编造,动副词短语,若代词作宾语,要放在动词和副词之间。根据句意选B例 2:Whats the meaning of One Belt and One Road”?Let me the words in the new dictionary.(2017孝感)A.l
11、ook at B.look for C.look after D.look up【答案】D【解析】look at看“;look for 寻 找 ;look after”照顾,照料;look up”查 阅 由 句 意:一带一路什么意思?让我在这个新字典里查一下。可知答案选D。例 3:The film Youth many people and some of them couldnt help crying while watching it.(2018 联合体一模模拟卷)A.touched B.caugh C.felt D.reached【答案】A【解析】电 影 芳华触动了许多人,有些人禁不住
12、流下眼泪。例 4:It is helpful to a good habit of reading in language learning.(2013 安徽)A.take B.show C.develop D.match【答案】C【解析】take意为“花费”;show意为“展示;develop意为“开发;发 展 match意为“搭配”。只有develop符合句意“在语言学习上发展一个好习惯是有帮助的。故选C。【知识梳理3】系动词定义:当用一个名词、形容词对主语的职业、特征、性质进行描述时,名词、形容词不能直接放到主语后,而要用一个动词把主语和形容词等连起来,这种动词就是系动词。系动词就是联系
13、主语和这些名词、形容词的词。系动词后的名词、形容词叫表语。系动词没有被动语态的形式,也不能用于进行时态。分类:1)状态系动词:表示主语状态的be2)表示主语保持一种状态的keep,stay,remain3)感官系动词:feel,smell,sound,taste,look,seem,这类系动词还可以用作实义动词4)变化系动词:become,grow,turn,fall,get,goHe is strong.The song sounds very beautiful.The leaves turn brown in autumn系动词的用法:1)系动词不能单独作句子的谓语系动词只是起到一个连接
14、的作用,所以不能单独做谓语,必须在后面接一个表语成份,这样句子意思才清楚、完整。He looks nervous.The music sounds sweet2)系动词后面可直接用形容词,不能用副词系动词可可直接在后面接形容词,包括用作形容词的现在分词、过去分词。这一点是实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词)所没有的。The task proved more difficult than wed thought.3)系动词不能用于被动语态。因为系动词表示的只是事物的状态,没有明显的动作现象,所以绝大多数系动词不用被动语态。例如:我们可以说:The leaves are becoming yellow
15、.(树叶渐渐变黄 了。)The kind of cloth feels soft.【例题精讲】例 1:These oranges look nice,but very sour.(2017青岛)A.feel B.taste C.sound D.look【答案】B【解析】look“看起来”;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来;feel“感 觉 根 据 句 意“这些句子看起来不错,但是尝起来非常酸”可知答案选B,例 2:How do you like Li Yundi?一A cool guy!His music really beautiful.A.tastes B.sounds C.sme
16、lls D.looks【答案】B【解析】句意:一你喜欢李云迪吗?一很不错的小伙子!他的音乐听起来真的动听。由第二句话的主语music知,只能是“听起来”,因此选单词sounds,所以选B 答案。例 3:Some of my friends eat with their eyes.They prefer to order wha t nice.A.feels B.smells C.looks D.tastes【答案】C【解析】feel意为感觉起来;sm ell意为闻起来;look意为看起来;taste意为尝起来:根据句意我们的朋友喜欢用眼睛吃东西,所以答案为C例 4:The cloth very
17、 soft and comfortable.A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds【答案】C【解析】句意为这种布料摸起来既柔软又舒适。所以选C例 5:She lo o k e d(a n g r y)at me and she l o o k e d(a n g r y).【答案】angrily;angry【解析】第一个空look是作为实义动词,生气的看着,后要用副词修饰动词;而第二个空look是系动词,表示看起来,后要用形容词。例 6:She l o o k s.A.happy B.to be happy C.happily D.that she is happ
18、y【答案】A【解析】句意为她看起来很高兴。当 look表示看起来时,要用形容词作表语,所以选A【知识梳理4】助动词的用法这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,必须与其它的动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有:be,have,has,had,do,does,did,will 和 shall 等。1.助动词 be(am,is,are,was,were)(1)“助动词be+现在分词”构成进行时The students are having an English class.They asked me what I was doing at that time of yest
19、erday.(2)“助动词be+过去分词”构成被动语态A big library is being built in our school.Something has been done to protect the environment.2.“助动词have(has,had)+过去分词”构成完成时态They have learned more than two thousand English words so far.Great changes have taken place during the past ten years.3.助动词do用于构成否定句、疑问句、倒装句、加强说话的语
20、气及代替前面刚出现的动词等一Do you live in Nanjing?Yes,I do.They didnt go to the park last Sunday.(3)1 do finish my homework.4.助动词will和 shall用于构成将来时(shall仅用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)There will be more trees in one hundred years.I shall be forty next year.【例题精讲】例 1:Mom,when can I go out to play football?-Finish your homew
21、ork,or I _let you go out.A.dont B.didnt C.wont D.havent【答案】c【解析】句意为:完成你的作业,否则的话我就不会让你出去玩。当连词and或 者 o r 连接的并列句前半部分是祈使句,后半部分是陈述句时,用一般将来时。前半部分相当于if 引导的条件状语从句。如:Think it over,and youll find the answer.例 2:Mr Li is out.But he_ here ten minutes ago.A.was B.is C.will be D.would be【答案】A【解析】根据句意,李先生现在在外面。但是他
22、十分前还在这的。Ten minutes ago应用过去时,所以所以用助动词was【知识梳理5情态动词的用法及注意事项1.含义:情态动词用于表示说话者的感情或语气,常用来提出建议、表明能力、进行猜测等。2.基本用法:(1)情态动词后接动词原形(2)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s(3)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式3.常用情态动词:情态动词用法例句备注can/could1)表示能力Can you wrile it down?你能把它写下来吗?could用于过去时态2)表示允许或请求许可You can leave nnw.你现在可以走了。Could I
23、 sit here?could表示更委婉,更可气3)用于否定猜测,表示“一定不”That man cant be our Englishteacher.用于否定句中may/might1)表示请求或许可May I borrow youi bike?我能借你的自行车吗?相当于can,might比 may更委婉2)表示推测,意为“可能,或许“It may snow tomorrow.明天可能下雪。3)表示祝愿May you have fun!祝你玩得开心多用于句首must1)表示主观看法,意为“绝对,必须”You must finish the work intwo days.你必须在两天内完成这项
24、工作。m ustnt指 禁止”、“不许”2)表示肯定的猜测,意为“一定是”Bill must be ill because helooks terrible.比尔一定是生病了,因为它看起来不舒服。只用于肯定句中have to表示客观看法,意为“不得不,必须”Ifs raining.I have to stay athome.下雨了,我只得待在家里。有人称、数和时态的变化,否定或疑问要借助动词变化need表示“需要”Need I wait here?我需要在这儿等吗?做情态动词时,只用于否定或疑问句shall用于征求对方意见,意为“可以”Shall I go now?我现在可以走了吗?多用于第一
25、人称(否定形式为shant)should表示劝告、义务,意为“应该”We should do something tohelp pandas.我们应该做些事去帮助大熊猫will/would1)表示意愿或打算I will do my best to help you.我愿尽力帮助你。would为 will的过去时态2)表示请求或建议Would you mind my smokinghere?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?would比 will语气更委婉【例题精讲】例 1:Is it hard for you to finish todays homework yourself?No.I do it.A.
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