2023年八年级英语寒假课第12讲动词不定式（解析版）（仁爱版）.pdf

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1、第12讲动词不定式瞬【学习目标】【基础知识】1.动词不定式的作用句子成分 例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免 头重脚轻”常To master a language is not2.不定式的特殊用法用 it作形式主语。常用句型有：It is+时.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为 做某事对某人来说是 。It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为 做某事花费某人多长时间”easy=It is not easy to master alanguage.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like,want,li

2、ke,hope,wish,plan,decide,learn,agree,try,remember,forget,expect,refuse,afford,prefer,continue,promise,begin,start 等think,find,believe等 动 词 可 用 于 动 词+it+方+to do sth.n句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friendswith you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass mymath exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在

3、名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time,need,way,chance,opportunity,courage,reason,effort,determination,decision,ability,ambitionCan you give me a pen towrite with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we

4、 must havethe right tools.要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须 省 略 to o 此类动词有：一感(feel)二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to 则要加上。动词不定式的否定形式是not to d o,其被动形式为to be done。Our teacher asked us not to swi

5、m in the river alone.我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。常接 疑问词+带 to 的不定式 的动词有 teach,show,tell,learn,find out,decide,know,forget 等 o My mother taught me how to cook yesterday.昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。1.（2022广西玉林中考真题）一Safety comes first!Everyone should stop the kids fromin the lake or river.Life is valuable.Kids must remember th

6、e school rules.A.swim;to follow B.swim;followingC.swimming;following D.swimming;to follow【答案】D【详解】句意：安全第一！每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。生命是宝贵的。孩子们必须记住遵守校规。考查非谓语动词。stop sb.from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，动名词作宾语，排除AB：remember to do sth.”记得要做某事“，remember doing sth.”记得做过某事；根据Kids must remember.the school rules”可知是记得要遵守规

7、则，故此处用动词不定式作宾语，排除C。故选D。2.（2022湖南邵阳中考真题）Hou can I prevent COVID-19,Dad?healthy,you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep【答案】C【详解】句意：爸爸，我该如何预防新冠病毒？为了保持健康，你应该经常戴口罩，经常洗手。考查非谓语动词。空处是动词不定式做目的状语。故选C。3.（2022黑龙江黑龙江中考真题）Our school often advises the students,especially

8、teenage girlssome chores at home to help busy parents.A.doing B.to do C.do【答案】B【详解】句意：我们学校经常建议学生，尤其是十几岁的女孩在家里做一些家务来帮助忙碌的父母。考查动词不定式。advise sb to do sth”建议某人做某事“，动词不定式作宾语补足语；故选B。4.（2021四川甘孜中考真题）The teachers often tell us more reading.A.doing B.to do C.does D.do【答案】B【详解】句意：老师经常告诉我们要多读书。考查动词不定式。doing做，现

9、在分词；to do做，不定式；does做，三单形式；do做，原形。根据句子中“tell us”可知，考查短语“tell sb to do”“告诉某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。5.（2021西藏中考真题）Its very kind you others when theyre in need.A.for;to help B.of;to help C.for;helping D.of;helping【答案】B【详解】句意：你真是太好了，在别人需要的时候帮助了他们。考查固定句型。分析句子结构，本 句 是 固 定 句 型 形 容 词+of/forsb.+不定式+其他”结构，it是形式主语，

10、后面的不定式是真正主语，可据此排除后两项；形容人的特征时用介词o f,而 for用于指出描述对象。本句kind表示“善良的”，是“you”的特点，故选B。6.（2018湖南岳阳中考真题）They asked their son the bed last weekend.A.to make B.making C.made【答案】A【详解】句意：上周末他们让他们的儿子整理床铺。考查非谓语动词。ask sb.to do sth.要求某人去做某事，to do不定式此时在句中作宾语补足语。故选Ao7.（2017 江苏淮安中考真题）The research he devotes himself to th

11、e farmers have abetter harvest is very important.A.helping B.to help C.help D.helped【答案】B【详解】句意：他致力于帮助农民获得更好收成的研究是非常重要的。考查非谓语动词。“hedevotes himself to.the farmers have a better harvest”是一个定语从句，修饰 The research,“帮助农民获得更好收成”是研究的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。8.（2021 山东青岛中考真题）Students should have outdoor activities

12、every day theireyesight.A.improve B.to improve C.check D.to check【答案】B【详解】句意：学生们应该每天进行户外活动来提高视力。考查动词不定式和单词辨析。improve提高；check检查。根据“Students should have outdooractivities every day”可知，学生们每天进行户外活动的目的是提高视力，因此需要一个动词不定式表示目的，结合选项，to improve符合句意。故选B。9.（2019四川攀枝花中考真题）It is necessary for me to live on my own,

13、such ascooking by myself.A.to learn B.to be learned C.learning D.to have learned【答案】A【详解】句意：对我来说，学会自己生活是很有必要的，比如自己做饭。考查动词不定式的用法。根据“It is necessary for me.to live on my own”可知，此处是“Itis+adj+forsbtodosth”句型，使用动词不定式作主语，时态是一般现在时，主语是动作的发出者、用一般式即可，故选A。10.（2019四川德阳中考真题）Mother asks me English every morning.A

14、.read B.to read C.reading D.not read【答案】B【详解】句意：妈妈让我每天早上朗读英语。考查非谓语动词。ask sb.to do sth为固定搭配,意为“要求某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故 选 Bo过关检测】11.（2022 江苏 扬州市梅岭中学八年级期末）We should do what we can our eyesfrom the sun and the screen（屏幕）wear thick glasses.A.to prevent;in order not to B.to protect;in order not toC.pre

15、vent;in order to not D.protect;in order to not【答案】B【详解】句意：为了不戴厚厚的眼镜，我们应该做我们所能做的去保护我们的眼睛免受太阳和屏幕的伤害。考查动词不定式的用法。第一空表目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语；inorder to do sth.“为了做某事，其中to do为动词不定式，对其否定时,直接在其前加n o t,故选 B。12.（2022福建三明八年级期末）Our English teacher often tells funny stories to make usA.to laugh B.laughing C.laugh【答案】C

16、【详解】句意：我们的英语老师经常讲有趣的故事来逗我们笑。考查非谓语动词。make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，省略动词不定式符号t。的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。13.（2022 可北唐山八年级期末）Mary invited Bill the holiday with her in Tibet.A.spend B.to spend C.spends D.spending【答案】B【详解】句意：玛丽邀请比尔和她一起去西藏度假。考查动词不定式的用法。invite sb.to do sth.“邀请某人做某事，故填to spend。故选B。14.（2022吉林长春八年级期末）Its no

17、t easy for many people the promises.A.keeping B.to keep C.keep D.kept【答案】B【详解】句意：对许多人来说，信守诺言并不容易。考查非谓语。此处是15+25+版$1）10加由的结构，空处用不定式作主语，it作形式主语，故选B。15.（2022吉林长春八年级期末）Most experts think it is very important for children to learnthe housework.A.what do B.what to do C.how to do D.how do【答案】C【详解】句意：大多数专家认

18、为，孩子们学习如何做家务是非常重要的。考查非谓语及疑问词。此处是“疑问词+不定式”的结构，A/D结构错误，故排除；what to do做什么；how todo怎么做。根据语境可知，此处说的是“孩子们学习如何做家务”，应用疑问词h o w,故选C。16.（2022重庆八年级期末）一Why dont you go to the park with us?Because I plan with my friend Bob.A.to go fishing B.going fishingC.go fishing D.to going fishing【答案】A【详解】句意：为什么不和我们一起去公园呢？因为

19、我打算和我的朋友鲍勃一起去钓鱼。考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth”打算去做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故选A。17.（2022全国八年级期末）I often see him games in his free time.A.to play B.played C.play D.plays【答案】C【详解】句意：我经常看到他在空闲时间玩游戏。考查非谓语动词。see sb.do sth.“看见某人做某事”，强调看见某人做某事的全过程，故用动词原形。故选C。18.（2022河北邯郸八年级期末）The government warned some factories the wateragai

20、n.A.pollute B.to pollute C.not pollute D.not to pollute【答案】D【详解】句意：政府警告一些工厂不要再污染水。考查动词不定式。根据“The government warned some factories.the water again.”可知，此处指警告一些工厂不要再污染水，warnnot to do sth”警告不要做某事”，故选D。19.（2022 湖南 新晃侗族自治县教育研究室八年级期末）She sometimes forgets herhomework to school.A.bring B.to bring C.bringing

21、【答案】B【详解】句意：她有时忘记带作业去学校。考查非谓语动词o forget to do sth.“忘记去做某事”，表示事情还没做；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”，表示事情已经做了，只是忘了；根据“.to schoo 可知此处指“有时忘记带作业去学校”。故选A。20.（2022河北邯郸八年级期末）The Smiths did a lot of things me feel at home.A.make B.to make C.makes D.made【答案】B【详解】句意：史密斯一家为了让我感觉自在做了很多事。make“让”，结合句意，他们做很多事的目的是让我感到自在，因

22、此用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。21.（2022广西崇左八年级期末）The policeman tells the boy in the street.Ifsdangerous!A.to play B.playingC.not to play D.not play【答案】C【详解】句意：警察告诉那个男孩不要在街上玩。是很危险的！考查非谓语动词。tell sb.not to do sth.“告诉某人不做某事”，tell sb.to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，由Its dangerous!”可知，此处是不要在街上玩。故选C。2 2.（2022湖南 华容县教育科学研究室八年级期末）This

23、 girl works in the hospital once a weeksick people.A.to help B.helps C.help【答案】A【详解】句意：这个女孩每周在医院工作一次，帮助病人。考查动词不定式。在医院工作的目的是为了帮助病人,所以此处使用动词不定式作目的状语,故选Ao23.（2022重庆开州八年级期末）The girl could visit the sick kids in the h o s p i t a l.A.cheering them up B.to cheer them up C.to cheer up them D.cheering up th

24、em【答案】B【详解】句意：这个女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子，使他们高兴起来。考查非谓语动词和动词短语。此处表示目的，用动词不定式，排除AD；动词+副词短语中，代词要放中间，cheer them up”使他们高兴起来”。故选B。24.（2022重庆梁平八年级期末）We should tell the students in the river in summer.Its so dangerous.A.not to swim B.to swim C.dont swim D.not swim【答案】A【详解】句意：我们应该告诉学生夏天不要在河里游泳。太危险了。考查非谓语动词。tell sb.（no

25、t）to do sth”告诉某人（不）要做某事，动词不定式作宾补，可排除 CD选项。根据“It，s so dangerous.”可知，此处是指不要游泳。故选A。25.（2022四川雅安八年级期末）Li Hua volunteered the players in the WinterOlympics and he learned a lot from the experience.A.helps B.helping C.helped D.to help【答案】D【详解】句意：李华自愿帮助冬奥会的运动员，并且他从这次经历中学到了很多东西。考查非谓语动词。help是动词，意为“帮助”。volunt

26、eer to do sth.意为“自愿做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选D。二、完形填空（2022青海海东八年级期末）阅读短文，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个最佳的选项填空，使短文完整、通顺。Everyone in Class 5,Grade 8 was sad.Their class monitor（班长），Derek,was going to moveto another country with his family in a few weeks.26 Derek wanted very much to staywith his classmates,he had no choic

27、e（选择）but to follow his family.All of Dereks classmates 27 Derek because he was kind and warm-hearted.Everytime they had 28、they would go to him.Derek would always try to give them advice.So,everybody was 29 to hear that Derek was going to leave.Dereks best friend,Rick,said,4I think we should do some

28、thing for Derek.The class startedto 30 what they could do.Finally,they decided to have a surprise farewell（告别）party forhim.Their teacher Mrs.Sim thought it was a（n）31 idea.On Dereks last day of school,Mrs.Sim told Derek that she wanted to meet 32 in heroffice.When Derek left the 33、the class started

29、 to decorate（装饰）it.After about twentyminutes,Mrs.Sim and Derek 34 and the decorations were in place.Derek had a look ofsurprise on his face.Then Mrs.Sim handed a large card to him.It had everyones 35 tohim in it.Derek was very touched by it and he said,“Thank you.Fil miss all of you.26.A.WhenB.Altho

30、ughC.IfD.Because27.A.lostB.missedC.dislikedD.liked28.A.hobbiesB.problemsC.newsD.experiences29.A.sadB.tiredC.afraidD worried30.A.turn onB.listen toC.talk aboutD.take up31.A.boringB.terribleC.excellentD.simple32.A.herB.himC.youD.me33.A.officeB.libraryC.cinemaD.classroom34.A.came backB.ate outC.got upD

31、.took a trip35.A.plansB.activitiesC.wishesD.prizes【答案】26.B 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.C31.C 32.B 33.D 34.A 35.C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个班的班长要离开这里，班级里的同学和老师们为他送行的故事。26.句意：虽然德里克非常想和同学们待在一起，但他别无选择，只能跟随家人。When 当.时候：Although 尽管；If 如果;Because 因为。根据“Derek wanted very much tostay with his classmates,he had no choice（选择）b

32、ut to follow his fhmily.可知,尽管他非常想和同学们待在一起，但是他别无选择，前后句存在转折关系。故选B。27.句意：德里克的所有同学都喜欢他，因为他善良、热心。lost 丢失;missed 错过，想念;disliked 不喜欢;liked 喜欢。根据All of Dereks classmates.Derekbecause he was kind and warm-hearted.”可知，他的同学们喜欢他因为他善良、热心。故选D。2 8.句意：每次他们有问题，他们都会去找他。hobbies 爱好；problems 问题；news 新闻；experiences 经历。根据

33、Every time they had.,theywould go to him.”可知，他们有问题的时候就去找他。故选B。29.句意：听说德里克要走了，大家都很难过。sad 伤心的；tired 劳累的；afraid 害怕的；worried 担心的。根据“So,everybody was.to hear thatDerek was going to leave.“可知，听说德里克要走了，所以每个人都很伤心。故选A。30.句意：全班开始讨论他们能做些什么。turn on 打开；listen to 听；talk about 讨论；take up 占据。根据“The class started to

34、 what theycould do.”可知，全班人开始讨论能做些什么。故选C。31.句意：他们的老师西姆夫人认为这是个好主意。boring 无聊的：terrible 可怕的；excellent 优秀的；simple 简单的。根据“Their teacher Mrs.Simthought it was a（n）.idea.”可知，他们的老师认为这是个很好的主意。故选C。32.句意：在德里克上学的最后一天，西姆老师告诉德里克，她想在她的办公室见他。her 她；him 他；you 你（们）；me 我。根据“On Dereks last day of school,Mrs.Sim told Dere

35、kthat she wanted to meet.in her office.”可知，应该是老师想见他。从上文可知，德里克是个男生。故选B。33.句意：德里克离开教室后，全班同学开始装饰教室。office 办公室；library 图书馆；cinema 电影院；classroom 教室。根据When Derek left the.,theclass started to decorate（装饰）it.”可知，他离开教室去老师办公室。故选D。34.句意：大约二十分钟后，西姆老师和德里克回来了，教室也布置好了。came back 回来；ate out 吃光；got up 起床；took a trip

36、 旅行。根据After about twenty minutes,Mrs.Sim and Derek.and the decorations were in place/9wf fel 20 分钟后，他们回到教室。故选Ao3 5.句意：里面写着每个人对他的祝愿。plans 计划;activities 活动；wishes 愿望；prizes 奖品。根据Then Mrs.Sim handed a large cardto him.It had everyones.to him in it.”可知，老师给他张大卡片。上面有每个人对他的祝愿。故选C。三、阅读理解A（2022.江苏.淮安市淮安区教师发展

37、中心学科研训处八年级期末）It was an evening.An old man was standing by the river for hours.His beard（胡须）wasfrozen while he was waiting for a ride across the river.The wait seemed endless.Finally,he saw several horsemen coming.He watched them silently and let the first one passby without even asking for a ride.An

38、other passed by,and then another,till the last horseman camenear him.The old man said,“Sir,would you mind giving me a ride to the other side?”The horseman answered,Sure thing.Get on.The horseman took the old man not justacross the river,but to the old mans home.As they went near the old mans house,t

39、he horseman asked,“Sir,I noticed that you letseveral other horsemen pass by without trying to ask for a ride.Then I came up and you asked mefor a ride at once.Why?What if I refused and left you there?The old man replied,looked into the eyes of the other horsemen and saw that they didntcare about me.

40、It was useless to ask them for a ride.But in your eyes I saw kindness.I knew thatyou would help me.”These heartwarming words touched the horseman.tuFm so thankful for what you said,“hetold the old man.hope I will never get too busy to help others.With that,Thomas Jefferson turned his horsearound and

41、 made his way back to the White House.36.From Paragraph 1,we know that.A.it was cold that evening B.the old man wanted to ride across the riveraloneC.the old man didn wait for hours D.the river was frozen37.Before the old man asked the last horseman for a r i d e,h o r s e m e n passed by.A.one B.tw

42、o C.three D.four38.The old man didnt ask the several other horsemen for help b e c a u s e.A-he wanted to go by himself B.he was too worried to askC.he didnt want to care about them D.he didnt think they would help him39.The last horseman was.A.careless B.kind C.poor D.clever40.From the story,we lea

43、rn that.A.the old man was Thomas Jefferson B.the old man lived in the White HouseC.the last horseman was willing to help others D.the last horseman was too busy to help others【答案】36.A 37.C 38.D 39.B 40.C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位老人想要过河，托马斯杰斐逊带他过了河，并带他回了家。显示出了他的善良。36.细节理解题。根据“It was an evening.An old man w

44、as standing by the river for hours.Hisbeard（胡须）was frozen while he was waiting fbr a ride across the river.”可知，那天晚上，老人的胡须都冻住了，说明天气很寒冷。故选A。37.推理判断题。根据He watched them silently and let the first one pass by without even askingfor a ride.Another passed by,and then another,till the last horseman came nea

45、r him.“可知，老人让第一个经过他的人过去了，再一个，又再一个，直到最后一个人走近他。说明在他向最后一个人请求带他回家时，前面已经有3 个人经过。故选C。38.推理判断题。根据“looked into the eyes of the other horsemen and saw that they didnt careabout me.It was useless to ask them for a ride.可知，老人从其他几个骑马的人的眼中看出他们并不关心他，说明找他们帮忙也是没用的。也就是说，他看出他们不会帮助他。故选De3 9.细节理解题。根据“But in your eyes I

46、 saw kindness.“可知，老人从最后一个人眼中看到了善良，说明这人很善良。故选B。40.推理判断题。根据“I hope 1 will never get too busy to help others.”可知，最后的骑马人希望自己不会忙到无法帮助别人，说明他很乐意帮助别人。故选C。B（2022江苏泰州八年级期末）Do you want to live a happier,less stressful（有压力的）life?Try laughing for no reason at all.Thats how millions of people start their day at L

47、aughter（笑声）Clubs around the world and manydoctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy.The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai,India,in 1995 by Dr.Madan Kataria.Youngchildren laugh about 300 times a day.Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day,“says

48、 Dr.Kataria.Everyone is naturally good at laughing its the common language.We want people to feelhappy with their lives.,There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1,300 inthe world.Many doctors are also interested in the effects（效果）of laughter on our health.According toa 5-year st

49、udy at the UCLA School of Medicine in California,with laughing there is less stress inthe body.Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%.So what happens at a Laughter Club?I went along to my nearest club in South London tofind out.I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class,to

50、be honest,I wasnt interested inlaughing with a group of strangers,and I was worried about looking silly.Our laughter teachertold us to clap our hands and say“ho ho ho,ha ha ha“while looking at each other.However,ourbodies cant tell the difference between real laughter and unreal laughter,so they sti