2023年中考英语复习-状语从句相关知识点复习.pdf

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1、状语从句知识复习相关要点要点一：英语状语有哪些种类，英语状语的分类英语中的状语按其用途，可以分为时间状语、地点状语、方面状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、程度状语、方式状语、伴 随 状 语 等11种。一、时间状语She is to be married next month.她预定在下个月结婚。Ill meet you at 4 oclock.我 将 在4点钟和你见面。A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday.昨天许多学生误了 我的课。二、地点状语He lives over the mountain.他住在山的那一边。I

2、first met him in Paris.我初次见到他是在巴黎。The children are swimming in the river.孩子们正在河里游泳。注：地点状语除表位置外，还可以表“出发”“去向”“距离”等。如：Are you glad to be going back to school?返回学校你感到高兴吗？They lived many miles from the town.他们住的地方离镇子好几英里远。三、方面状语She is very weak in physics.她物理很不行。China is very rich in natural resources.中国

3、自然资源丰富。This is better in every way than that.这个在哪一方面都比那个要好。The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height.这座桥长2500米,高 150米。四、原因状语He was surprised at what she said.听到她说的话，他很吃惊。He succeeded by hard work.他由于努力工作而成功。He was sent to prison for robbery.他因为抢劫而坐牢。Last week she fell ill from col

4、d.上星期她着凉生病 了。Were proud of our motherland.我们为祖国感到骄傲。五、结果状语He talked his wife into buying a car.他说服他妻子买一辆小汽车。The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重了，我提不动。It rained heavily,causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。He went to Africa in 1963,never to come back.他在 1963 年到非洲,然后就再也没回来过了

5、。六、目的状语They went out for a walk.他们出去散步 了。He saves on behalf of his son.他为儿子存钱。He stood aside for her to pass.他靠边站让她过去。He cupped his ear to hear better.他的手捂着耳朵，以便听得更清楚。He went to the south in search of a better life.他去南方寻求更好的生活。I went to France not to study French,but to study architecture.我去法国不是为了学法

6、语，而是为了学建筑。七、条件状语Can you see without your glasses?你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？United,we stand；divided,we fall.团结则存,分裂则亡。With more money I would be able to buy it.钱多一点的话，我就买得起。To look at him you could hardly help laughing.看到他你就会忍不住笑起来。We must be losing at least a third of our staff under new technology.在新的技术条件下，我们必定

7、要解雇至少三分之一的员工。Weather permitting,well have the match tomorrow.天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。八、让步状语For all his money,hes a very lonely man,他虽然富有，可是非常寂寞。Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill.卡洛尔尽管感到不舒服仍去上了班。With all his efforts,he lost the match.虽然尽 了 全力,他还是输 了 那场比赛。You couldnt do that to save your life.你即使为了

8、救自己的命也不能那样做。Laughed at by everybody,he had my sympathy.人人都嘲笑他，但我却）同情他。Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.他们尽管 了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。九、程度状语I dont like coffee very much.我不太喜欢咖啡。To a great extent,it is not fair.在很大程度上，这是不公平的。The system which is used in this school is very successful.这个学校所施行的制度是非

9、常成功的。十、方式状语We came on the bus.我们坐公共汽车来的。You must pay the bill in cash.你必须用现金付账。I watched the game on television.我在电视上收看了那场比赛。We see with our eyes,and hear with our ears.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。I heard of the job through a newspaper advertisement.我从报上的广告中知道了这个工作。十一、伴随状语I slept with the window open.我开着窗睡觉。She sai

10、d good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着泪水说再见。He ran up to her breathing heavily.他气喘吁吁地跑到她跟前。He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗跑进屋来。要点二：状语从句概念在句中，由一个句子担任状语的功能，该句子就是状语从句，状语从句在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。要点三：时间状语从句1、时间状语从句可由 when,whenever,while,b

11、efore,after,until,till,since,now that,once,as soon as 等连词弓I 起：Let s wait until(till)the rain stops.等雨停了再说。She comes to talk to me whenever she feels lonely.每当她感到寂寞时就来和我聊天。As I talked,I gained some confidence.我一面谈着一面增强了信心。Now that I have come back,I want to help you both.现在既然我回来了，我要帮助你们两人。Once the tr

12、ain is moving,there is no way to stop it.一旦火车开动了就没法址它停下来。2、由every time,the moment等词引起的从句也可以用作状语Every time I catch a cold,I have pain in my back每回伤风我的背就疼。Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stage她一在台上出现就响起暴风雨般的掌声。He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.我第一次碰到他时，他就

13、给我这个印象。Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次进城你一定来找我们。3、instantly,immediately,directly等词也可引起时间状语从句The machine will start instantly you press the button.你一按电钮机器就会开动。r 1 1 give you an answer immediately I ve finished reading your report我看完你的报告立即给你答复。Directly he uttered these words there

14、was a dead silence.他一说出这些话，大家立刻沉默下来。要点四：地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where,wherever引导。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。要点五：方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as,(just)asso,as if,as though引导。1)as,(just)asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是 正如，就像，

15、多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish,so air is to m an.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms,so we should sweep backward ideas fromour minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2）as if,as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况

16、是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作 仿佛似的，好像似的，例如：They completely ignore these facts as if（as though）they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if（as though）he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。

17、）说明：as if/as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了 清嗓子，像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。要点六：原因状语从句比较：because,since,as 和 for1)because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why

18、提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 sinceoI didnt go,because I was afraid.Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。He is absent today,because/for he is ill.He must be ill,for he is absent today.要点七：目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由

19、that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case等词引导，例如：You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.要点八：结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so that或 suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解s o 和

20、 such与其后的词的搭配规律。1)比较：so和 such其规律由so与 such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，s o 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。s o 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配。so foolishso nice a flowerso many/few flowersso much/little money.so many peoplesuch a foolsuch a nice flowersuch nice flowerssuch rapid progresssuch a lot of people(so

21、 m any已成固定搭配，a lot o f 虽相当于m any,但 a lot o f 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。)2)so,-that与 such,-that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school要点九：条件状语从句连接词主要有 if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that 等。.i f 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐

22、述。unless=if not.Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied,lets go out for a walk.典型例题You will be late you leave immediately.A.unless B.until C.if D.or答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可 转 化 为If youdong leave immediately,you will be late.B、D 句意不对，or 表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately o

23、r you will be late.要点十：让步状语从句1）though,although注意：当有though,although时 一，后面的从句不能有but,但 是though和yet可连用Although its raining,they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。He is very old,but he still works very h a rd.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed,yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）典型例

24、题1.she is young,she knows quite a lot.A.When B.However C.Although D.Unless答案：C o意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。2）as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.=Though he was a small child,he knew what was the right thing to do.注意：a.句首名词不能带任何

25、冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.=Though he tries hard,he never seems虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。3)ever if,even though.即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4)whether,or-不管.都Whether you believe it or not,it

26、is true.5)no matter+疑问词 或 疑问词+后缀everNo matter what happened,he would not mind.Whatever happened,he would not mind.替换：no matter what=whateverno matter who=whoeverno matter when=wheneverno matter where=whereverno matter which=whicheverno matter how=however注意：no matter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）No matter what yo

27、u say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.你现在说什么也没用了。（Whatever you say是主语从句）（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given,（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre g iv en.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。要点十一：比较状语从句比较状语从句常用 than,so（as）.as,the more.the more 等引导。I feel better now than（I was）before

28、.我现在觉得比以前好了。He writes as well as you（do）.他写得和你一样好。This problem is more difficult than that one（is）.这道题比那道题难。要点十二：比较until和till此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是 直至某时才做某事。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。(

29、在肯定句中可用 before 代替 Lets get in the wheat before the sunsets.)否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock.她直到 6 点才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.直 至(J你教我后，我才会做。l)Until可用于句首，而 till通常不用于句首。Until you told me,I had heard nothing of what h

30、appened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。2)Until when疑问句中，until要放在句首。-Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？-Until next Monday.呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。(1)Not until在句首，主句用倒装。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到1 9 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。Not until I began to work did I realize how much

31、time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跖了几多岁月。(2)It is not until,that要点十三：表示 一就 的结构hardly/scarcely ,when/before,no sooner,than 和 as soon as 都可以表示就”的意思，例：I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home,it began to rain.注意：如果hardly,

32、scarcely或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构：Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.要点十四：if引导的条件状语从句结构：if+一般现在时，主语+将来时含义：如果.，将要.例如：If you ask him,he will help you.如果你请求他，他会帮助你。If need be,we 1 1 work all night.如果需要，我们就干个通宵。要点十五：when、while、as引导时间状语从句的区别

33、这三个词的意思很简单，都 有“当时候”的意思。一、when的用法如果只从现象来看，when从句用的最多的是一般过去时，而主句的时态没有限制，根据具体情况而定。When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。when she came into my room I was just reading a book.她走进我房间时，我正在看书。Were you writing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？Sorry,I was out when you ca

34、lled me.对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.他正要走，这时有人敲门。I thought of it just when you opened your mouth.就在你要说话的时候，我也想到了。I had hardly scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at thedoor.我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点：when从句的A事件，相当于另一个事件B发生的时间点。也就是说，w

35、hen从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，而只是把它作为一个时间点，所 以when多数情况下用的是一般过去时一，则不用正在进行时，因为如果用正在进行时,它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点，有的文章补充说：when从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。实际上，when从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时，因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如：When I got to the airport,the guests had left.当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。When he had finished his homework,he took a short r

36、est.当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good onealready?你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。When the manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with himabout this.下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。二、while的用法相比于when来说，w

37、hile从句的侧重点就不一样了。while从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是：当while事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。While Jim was mending his bike,Lin Tao came to see him.正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。While they were talking,the bel

38、l rang.正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。While John was sitting biting his nails,I was working out a plan to get ushome.约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我想出了一个回家的办法。从时间的角度来看，while表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。这是while的侧重点。因此，如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候，就可以用whileo例如：Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。这

39、句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如 果 换 成when意思就变了，相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。再例：一Im going to the post office.一While youre there,can you get me some stamps?三、a s的用法l、a s从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但 与while从句不同的是，a s从句用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。a s从句一般可以翻译成“边边”。例如：As my mother sang those old songs,tears ran down h

40、er cheeks.当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边做笔记。As we talked on,he got more and more excited.我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋。The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。Just as he caught the ball,there was a tearing sound.当他抓住球的时候,有一种撕裂的声音。2、a s表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，a s

41、只是一个次要的时间说明，不像while从句有强调while动作本身的意思。因此，a s常常翻译成“随着”之意。例如：As the time went on,the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。3、少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生，a s从句也可以用正在进

42、行时。这只能算是特例了。The sad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。As we was going out,it began to snow.我们出门时一，开始下雪了。He came in as I was going to bed.正要上床睡觉，他进来了。要点十六：as long as和so long as引导条件状语从句的区别as long a s和so long a s均可表示“只要”，用于引导条件状语从句，两者没什么区别。如：I dont care so as long as

43、she lets me be with her son.只要她让我和她儿子在一起，我不在乎。You can take my car as so long as you drive carefully.你可以用我的汽车，只要你小心点儿开。You may use my dictionary as so long as you dont keep it too long.只要使用时间不太长，你可以用我的词典。但是，当as long a s用于本义表示 与.样长”时，与so long as在用法上是有区别的，即as long a s可用于肯定句或否定句，而solong a s只用于否定句，不用于肯定句

44、。如：It took three times as long as I had expected.这件事比我预料的多花了两倍的时间。It didnt take as so long as I expected.花的时间比我预料的短。要点十七：“as”作连词的用法a s作连词1.当的时候He rose as she entered.当她进来的时候，他站了起来。2.因为As Davidson had a passion for walking,we started off on foot.因为戴维逊很想走走路，所以我们就步行启程了。3.既然As you are sorry,Ill forgive

45、you.既然你有认错之意，我就原谅你啦。4.按照I have changed it as you suggest.我按照你的建议作了一些修改。5.像Do as I do it.像我作的方法再作一下。6.正如As he knew,she wasnt much at letter-writing.正如他所知道的，她不太善于写信。这里举的例子都是as接状语从句。要点十八：unless和if not引导的否定条件句两者都可表示否定的条件，有时可换用。如：Come tomorrow unless I phone if I dont phone J.要是我没有打电话，明天就来。You wont catch

46、 the train unless you hurry if you dont hurry.你要是不赶快，你就赶不上火车了。但是在下列情况下，通 常 要 用if.n o t而 不 用unless：1.当从句所引出的情况不是表示主句情况发生的一种例外而只是一种可能，并且这种可能正是导致主句情况发生的主要原因时，英语习惯只用if.not,不用unlesso如：Ill be surprised if he doesnt w in.如果他不赢，我会感到惊奇。Shed look nicer if she didnt wear so much make-up.要是她不过分打扮，本来会更好看的。Ill be

47、 sorry if they do not come tomorrow.如果他们明天不来，我将感到非常遗憾。2.当从句内容与已知事实相反时（即引出虚拟条件时），通常要用if.not,而不用 unlesso 如：If he werent so silly,he would understand.他要不是那样傻的话，他就会明白了。（实际上他很傻）If I hadnt stopped her,she would have jumped down.要不是我阻止 了她，她就跳下去了。（实际上我阻止了她）unless有时可引出一个过去未曾实现的假想法情况，对前面主句进行补充说明（此时必须置于主句之后，且前

48、面常用破折号而不用逗号）。如：I couldnt have got to the meeting on time一unless I had caught an earliertrain.我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较早一班火车。（事实是“我”没有及时到会）此句若将unless改为if.not,则成为：I couldnt have got there If I hadnt caught an earlier train.如果我没赶上较早一班火车，我就不能到达那儿了。（事 实 是“我”及时到会了）要点十九：主将从现规则主将从现六种情况：1.如果主句是将来时或表示将来含义时，那么条件和时间状语

49、从句多用一般现在时。2.如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。3.如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。4.如果if的条件状语从句遇到变换间接和直接时，祈使句应用notto5.主将从现说的是在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的时态是一般将来时，那么从句要用一般现在时。6.如果主句的时态是过去将来时，那么从句要用一般过去时。If he comes,give him the picture.（主句是祈使句，关键句是一般现在时）If we try our best,well get good grades.r 1 1 telephone you as soon as I get there.我一到达那里就打电话给你。She said she would phone me as soon as she got there.她说她到达那里就给我电话。Don t get off the bus until it has stopped.等车停稳后才下车。