2023年中考英语第二轮语法复习：情态动词复习.pdf

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1、学校 班级 姓名专题情态动词【复习目标】一、要求学生能说出情态动词的分类及用法，掌握情态动词在一般疑问句中的问与答，会熟练做题。二、要求学生能进行情态动词的辨析，掌握情态动词表示猜测的用法，并熟练做题。【考点讲解】情态动词是表示能力、请求、命令、猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词。情态动词本身具有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。河北中考试卷中的常见直接考查方式单项选择和完形填空。主要考查的方式为结合句意进行情态动词词义辨析。连词成句，主要考查的方式为在构成句子时正确使用情态动词，尤其考查在构成一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时情态动词的使用。一、情态动词的分类及用

2、法（一）can/could的基本用法1.表示体力或智力上的能力，即“能够，会”，可与be able to 转换,过去时是could o例：He can speak English.=He is able to speak English.Can you play basketball?一 No,I cant.如果表示将来具备的能力，要用will be able too例：If I have a good sleep,I will be able to do the problem.2.表示许可，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may。例：一Can we go home now,please?一 No

3、,you cant.（二）may/might的基本用法表示“许可”，用 can比较口语化，过去时是mighto例：You may/can come if you w ish.如果你想来，你就来。You may not pick flowers in this p ark.本公园内不许摘花。（may not表示按规定不许可,如用mustnt则表示说话人不许可。）一May I smoke here?我可以在这里抽烟吗？No,you m ustnt不行。（mustnt表示明确的禁止。）（三）must的基本用法：1,表示必须，强调说话人的主观意志。例：I must go now,or Ill be l

4、ate.You must be here by ten oclock.2.表示推测，一般只用于肯定陈述句，表示非常肯定。例：She didn look at me.She must be angry.她不朝我看，一定是生气了。（四）have to 的基本用法：have t。可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而 have to却有人称和数的变化，要视主语不同而变化。例：I/You/We/They have to.He/She/It has to.You dont have to.Does she have to.?和 must不同之处：must强

5、调主观需要，have to强调客观需要。例：Sorry,I have to leave now.对不起，现在我得走了。（五）need的基本用法：need的基本词义是“需要”，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。1.need用作情态动词时，只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式，后接动词原形。例：I dont believe you need worry.我相信你没有必要焦急。一Need we go so soon?我们需要这么早就去吗？一 Yes,we must./No,we neednt.是的，必须。/不，不必。So I needn tell him,need I?所以我不需要告诉他，对吧？请比

6、较以下两句话的不同意思：You needn buy the co at.你没有必要买那件外衣。（你还没买）You needn have bought the co at.你没有必要买这件外衣的。（而你却买了）2.need用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。如果人作主语，一般后接带to 的动词不定式。即need to do sth；如果物作主语，一般后用need to be done或 need doing sth。例如：I need to look up this word in the dictionary.My watch needs mending/to be mended.我的手表

7、需要修理了。We dont need to work today.（=We neednt work today.）Does he need to go right now?（=Need he go right now?）（六）shall的基本用法：1.表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get some tea?我给你点茶好吗？2.表说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say.按我说的做。（命令）（七）will/would的基本用法：will1.表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything

8、 for you.我愿为你做任何事。2.表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window?Its a bit cold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。3.表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水就不能活。would1.表意愿I said I would do anything for you.我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2.表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer?再来杯啤酒好吗？3.表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in t

9、rouble,she would go to him for help.她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。（八）ought to表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。You are his father.You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当管他。二、情态动词辨析（一）must 和 have to两者都表示“必须”的意思，但must含有说话人主观上的看法、态度，have to则表示客观上的需要。1 .When traffic lights are red.We stop and wait.A.may B.can

10、C.must D.might.2.一I cant stop playing computer games.一For your eyes,my boy,Im afraid you.A.can B.may C.have to（二）can 和 could两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”；可用来表示许可（常用在口语中）或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度（常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）。1.Could I borrow your dictionary?一Of course you.A.can B.must C.should D.will2.一Listen!Is Tom singing in the c

11、lassroom?一No.It be Tom.He has gone to Paris.A.may not B.neednt C.cant3.Ma r y,y o u speak Chinese?一Yes,only a little.A.must B.need C.may D.can（三）shall 和 shouldshall用于第一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当“，此时可用ought to替换;可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪（用在疑问句中）；

12、还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。Schools allow students at least one hour a day for sports.A.would B.might C.should D.could三、情态动词表推测的用法（一）肯定句中表推测常用may和must.情态动词中的must,can,could,may,might都可表推测。其中must的可能性最大，can/could次之，may/might最小。This book may be Lily*Im not sure.这本书可能是莉莉的，我不太确定。This book must be Lilys.Look,her name i

13、s on the cover.这本书一定是莉莉的.看,书皮上有她的名字。（二）否定句中常用can?t表推测，意为“不可能”。此处重点区分mustnt mustrft意为“禁止，不允许“，不可以表示否定的推测。The man over there cant be Mr Zheng,because he has gone to Beijing.那边的那个人不可能是郑先生，因为他去北京了。（三）疑问句中只用can表推测Can the news be true?这消息是真的吗？【针对练习】l.You be tired after working for eight hours without a re

14、st.A.can B.may C.must D.need2.一Look at the boy running on the ground.Is it Davis?一It be him.I saw him go to the teachers office just now.A.must B.cant C.could D.might四、答语确定情态动词答语的基本原则为用哪个情态动词提问就用哪个情态动词作答。但也有一些例外情况，这些也是考试的常见考点。（一）May I.?句型的否定回答常用can.或 mustnt一May I play computer games now,mom?一我现在可以玩电

15、脑游戏吗，妈妈？一No,you cant/mustnt.-不，你不可以。（二）Must I.?句型的否定回答常用 neednt 或 dont have to也就是：一Must I/we do it now?一Yes,you must.-No,you neednt/dont have to.一Must I finish my homework tonight?我今晚必须完成我的作业吗？-No,you neednt/dont have to.You can do it tomorrow不，你不必。你可以明天再写。（三）Could I.?句型的答语常用can作答一 Could I use your

16、bike for a while?我可以用一会儿你的自行车吗？一Sure,you can.一当然，你可以。（四）Need I.?句型的答语，肯定回答一般用must,否定回答一般用 neednt一 Need I leave so soon?一我有必要那么快就走吗？一Yes,you must.-是的，你必须这样。【综合练习】1.一Is that girl in red Sally?一No,it her.She has gone to Hong Kong.A.may be B.must be C.cant be2.一Di c k,I use your dictionary?Yes,p l e a s

17、 e.y o u give it to Mike after you use it?A.will;Would B.may;Might C.can;Could D.shall;Should3.一I think her dress comes from the 1970s.一It be from that time.It looks so modern on her.A.mustnt B.cant C.wont D.wouldnt4.一Must I do my homework now,mom?一.You can do it tomorrow.A.No,you neednt B.No,you mu

18、stntC.Yes,you need D.Yes,you must5.一 your brother speak Japanese?一Yes,he has learnt it in Tokyo for three years.A.Should B.Must C.Can D.May6.一Can I walk across the road now,mom?一No,you.You have to wait until the light turns green.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.mustnt D.neednt7.I finish the homework this aft

19、ernoon?一No,you neednt.It before Friday.A.Can;can finish B.Must;must finishC.Must;can be finished D.Can;must be finished【河北5 年真题】1.（2017 河北 30 题）I have travelled a lot.I speak fourlanguages.A.can B.may C.must D.need2.（2015 河北 28 题）There9s an important football match today.I miss it.A.may B.cant C.mus

20、t D.neednt【中考练兵】1.（2019 安徽）The designer has tried every possible way to makethe robot light,so you worry about its weight.A.must B.may C.cant D.neednt2.（2019 连云港）According to the notice,guests at this hoteluse the sports center at no extra cost.A.can B.should C.must D.need3.（2019 日照）You be very tire

21、d with the long drive.Lets stop to have a rest.A.must B.can C.shall D.need4.（2019 青岛）As middle school students,we followthe public rules wherever we go.A.would B.should C.might D.could5.（2019 本溪）The man _ be a doctor in this hospital,but Im not sure.A.must B.would C.can D.might6.（2019 抚顺）Its a rule

22、that students bring mobile phonesto our school.A.mustnt B.wouldnt C.neednt D.couldnt7.（2019 苏丹I 改编）Some people dont show their talents at the verybeginning.Even Einstein read until he was seven.A.cant B.mustnt C.couldnt D.neednt8.（2019 株洲改编）Every one of us always breathe the samebreath and share the

23、 same future as the people.A.might B.should C.could D.would9.（2019 邢台 3 中三模）Look!Little Jim is swimming so fast.Ibelieve my eyes.A.shouldnt B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt10.（2019 石家庄 43 中三模）The boy be Jason.He is now inLondon.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not11.（2019 石家庄 17 中二模）Im a little thirsty.I have

24、 acup of water?A.Will B.Should C.Need D.May12.As long as you keep practicing speaking English every day,youspeak it well.A.need B.can C.shall D.would13.1 leave now.Tony is waiting for me.A.can B.may C.must D.may14.Must I wait here all the morning?I have a lot of work to do.一No,you.You may be back in

25、 the afternoon.A.mustnt B.cant C.dont have to D.shouldnt15.The man over there be Mr.Li.He often wears a blue coat.A.will B.should C.shall D.may16.All the students know cheating in the exam is notallowed.After all,honesty is the best quality.A.need B.may C.must D.can17.Lucy has a great talent in musi

26、c.She write her own musicat the age of ten.A.would B.could C.had to D.needed18.To keep children away from danger during the coming summerholiday,p a r e n t s give them some safety tips.A.should B.may C.could D.might19.1 think Jane come here.Ifs too far away from her house.A.mustnt B.must C.may not D.may初中教师园地100万初中教师的精神家园教学交流与精品备课资料平台初中教师平台初中教师成长的聚集地学生学习资料与家长交流平台英语教学教研老师和学生英语学习的好帮手教材听力与海量英语资料平台