2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练15阅读理解之说明文（江苏）（原卷版）.pdf

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1、专题1 5 阅读理解之说明文氟题招究|例 1|（2022江苏南通 统考中考真题）Technology and sustainability（可持续性）are two driving forces inthe world today.For the agriculture department,sustainable agriculture technology must be the new trend,andfarmers should follow it.The following sustainable agriculture technologies are necessary.Sma

2、rt irrigationCrops need water-thats needless to say.However,how they get water is another story.With smart irrigation technology,water can be put to good use.New irrigation systems with smart technologycan report soil moisture（湿度）and temperature in real time.These new technologies help farmers prope

3、rly takecare of crops in a more efficient way.For example,most crops have specific requirements for temperature andmoisture.The new irrigation systems can show farmers whether they need to make changes for their crops growingenvironments.In this way,they may help reduce the waste of water.DronesDron

4、es abilities get them a place on this list They can do a lot and most importantly,they can make theboring and tiring farm work much easier.These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos.Through wireless control,just athome farmers can fly the drones over the fields and chec

5、k on crops.If one area of crops isnt doing well,farmerscan quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.Data and softwareData is rich in this tech-driven world.Farming and data working together can greatly change the way farmersplant,harvest and water.As computers

6、gather information,they report it all back to a central system.So when farmers learn in whicharea crop health needs to improve,they can use water and fertilizer（月 巴 料）more efficiently,causing less waste.The three technologies are helpful for farmers to save costs,labor and energy.And they can contri

7、bute to thefinal goal of agricultural sustainabilitythat is to improve the environment.As these new technologies continue todevelop,we are sure to have a cleaner environment.Sustainable agricultural technology is the futureand it will change the game.1 .According to the passage,smart irrigation can.

8、A.make full use of every drop of rainB.decide crops growing environmentC.help farmers water the crops when necessaryD.support the growth and harvest of crops efficiently2.From“Drones part,we can learn t hat.A.drones can help provide water and fertilizerB.drones help farm work in a more efficient way

9、C.farmers can fly in their drones to check on cropsD.farmers can record the details about their drones3.What is the final goal of agricultural sustainability?A.To help us have a better environment.B.To make farmers work more efficiently.C.To raise the production of crops quickly.D.To reduce formers9

10、 boring and tiring work.4.The passage is mainly to.A.think highly of the agriculture departmentB.make sustainable agriculture technologies betterC.change farmcrs,misunderstanding of agriculture technologiesD.stress the importance of sustainable technologies in agriculture|例 才（2022江苏常州统考中考真题）Being sa

11、d or in a low mood is a normal（正常的）part of life.Manypeople feel down from time to time.For example,when people face challenging events in their lives,such asfinancial（经济的）difficulty or major changes,ifs common to feel down.But in most cases the bad feelings slowlydisappear.As for depression（抑有B 症）,h

12、owever,the bad mood lasts for weeks,months,or even longer because it is amental（精神的）illness.As the World Health O rganization（WHO）noted,depression is a mood disorder.It shows indifferent ways,including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth.It often lasts for a longtime

13、 and greatly harms a persons ability at work or school or in the daily life.People with depression usually dontlike to talk about their problems with others.More seriously,depression may even lead to the act of killing oneself.Depression is not just a bout（一阵）of sadness or a sign of weakness,and you

14、 cant just simply stop feelingdepressed.said the health news website .But depression is not a persons problem.Its also more common than most people think.It is hurting about280 million people around the world,according to WHO.Though depression is worrying,we dont have to be afraid of it.Depression c

15、an be treated by gettingprofessional（专业的）help,taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both.In fact,when you begin to feel the dangerof depression,you can try to deal with it early by yourself.Listening to music,doing some sports and drawingsome pictures might help you feel better.Another useful way

16、is talk therapy.When we are attacked by a low mood,having a conversation with others is of great help.Being honest about how we feel does not make us weak,itmakes us human.5.Who is most probably experiencing depression?A.Lily,who is going to have an important exam and hasnt slept well for 3 days.B.M

17、ay,who dislikes her new school and has complained to her parents 3 times.C.Ben,who thinks life worthless and has cried alone over 3 times a week in the past month.D.Tom,who finds subjects hard and has talked to his teacher about it 3 times this week.6.What does the writer think of depression?A.Norma

18、l and nothing serious.B.Uncommon although harmful.C.Unavoidable and untreatable.D.Treatable although worrying.7.Whafs the passage mainly about?A-Knowledge of depression.B.Ways of treating depression.C.Reasons for depression.D.Results of depression.|例 3|（2022江苏泰州统考中考真题）Ancient art doesnt have to be b

19、oring.Technology in the 21st centurycan help to bring it to life by combining（融合）the best of the old and the new.Along the River During the Qingming FestivalWalking into the China Pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai,people were amazed by seeing a huge digital（数码的）painting.Scientists digitized（数码化）the

20、famous painting Along the River During the Qingming Festisal byChinese artist Zhang Zeduan.The original（原先的）painting shows life during the Northern Song period and it includes many details ofancient Chinese customs,lifestyles and technology.Fanners work in the fields,sailors move around their boats

21、and people eat and do business inrestaurants.Parts of the background are also animated（做成动画）.You can see the wind blowing through the treesand across the water.These animations perfectly combine modern technology and ancient art.Digital technology allows todays artists to express their ideas in ways

22、 that ancient artists would not believepossible.Techniques such as animation and 3D digital projection（投影）make art come alive.Dunhuang Cave PaintingsDunhuang Caves,which are protected ancient treasures in the Gobi desert in Northwest China,are filled withpaintings and sculptures with lasting value.T

23、his artwork was created over a period of around 1,000 years.The good news is for art lovers who cannot travel and for the caves.Scientists have created a 360-degree,3Ddigital projection of the caves,which makes the artwork come alive.There is also a function（功能）that lets viewerszoom in and enjoy the

24、 paintings and sculptures in greater detail.Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the ancient practices.It also makes the whole world understand theart while protecting the original artworks for the future.8.From the passage,we can know t hat.A.both of the two artworks use 3D digital projectio

25、nB.ancient art allows people to explore the modern technologyC.people cant go to Dunhuang to enjoy paintings and sculptures nowD.the digital painting,Along the River During the Qingming Festival was created by Zhang Zeduan9.Which sentence may be the best to fill in the ”?A.In the digital painting,a

26、lot of these details are animated.B.In the digital painting,a lot of these scenes are well known.C.In the digital painting,more details of the art can be enjoyed.D.In the digital painting,many different styles of art can be seen.10.The underlined phrase“zoom in“means in Chinese.A.使（镜头）抬高 B.使（镜头）拉近 C

27、.使（镜头）俯视 D.使（镜头）远离11.From the passage,we can infer（推断）that.A.studying ancient art as much as possible is very necessaryB.good art must combine modem technology and ancient artC.protecting the ancient artworks is more important than developing technologyD.more valuable ancient artworks will be protec

28、ted better with technology in the future12.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.Enjoying Ancient Art B.Protecting Modem TechnologyC.Digitising Ancient Art D.Understanding Modem Technology例 4（2022江苏苏州统考中考真题）All aboard!Lets take a ride on the worlds highest railway一theQinghai-

29、Tibet Railway（青藏铁路）.Sit back and enjoy the journey.Get ready for the trip of a lifetime.Were leaving Qinghai Station.The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all of China.Keep youreyes open as we race through this beautiful land.You might see a rare Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）from yourwindow.Be

30、fore we begin our journey,lefs learn about this amazing railway.Its truly one of the great engineeringwonders of the 21st century.When it was completed on July 1,2006,the Tibet Railway set nine world records,including the worlds highest railway at 5,07 2 metres above sea level,the worlds highest tun

31、nel（隧道）at 4,905metres,and the longest tunnel ever built on permafrost（冻土）.As we travel higher,the air gets thinner and thinner.Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygenwhich we are used to breathing.But dont be afraid.Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems.O ne systemspreads oxyg

32、en throughout the train at all times.And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just likethose used in planes.Here are a few more things to think about as our train leaves the station.The designers solved three mainchallenges when building this great railway.First,the high altitude（海拔）ma

33、de the task difficult because therewas no enough oxygen.Second,much of the railway runs across permafrost,a type of ground that keeps changingas the weather warms and cools.Finally,the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology（敏感的生态环境）in China.Great care was necessary to make sure of t

34、he smallest possible influence on nature.All three challenges were met,making our trip possible.All aboard!The train to Tibet is leaving in fifteenminutes.13.Where are the passengers?A.O n a bus.B.O n a train.C.O n a ship.D.O n a plane.14.How does the text show the railway is amazing in paragraph 3?

35、A.By telling a story.B.By using a designers words.C.By introducing its world records.D.By comparing the present with the past.15.How many oxygen systems are there in each rail car?A.O ne.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.16.Which of the following increased the difficulty of building the railway?A The changing gr

36、ound.B.The polluted air.C.The dangerous animals.D.The hot weather.瓯（2022.江苏连云港.统考中考真题）The Horsetail Fall（瀑布）is one of Yosemite National Parks most amazing views.Around the second week ofFebruary,the setting sun hits the Horsetail Fall at just the right angle（角度）to light the upper parts of the waterf

37、all.And when conditions are right,the Horsetail Fall becomes orange and red at sunset.It is like red-hot lava（熔岩）pouring down from the top of the El Capitan.So,it got the name“firefhH”.The firefall is a perfect match of the weather,the fall,the time and the watching place.It usually appears ondry,wa

38、rm and cloudless days.There must be enough flowing water to make a firefall too.So there must be enoughsnow on the mountain top,and it turns into water on warm afternoons.The sun goes to the best place before the fall in late February.And the best time to watch the fall is 5 to 1 5minutes before the

39、 sunset.O nly at this time can visitors see the firefall.The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best placeto watch,because it is close to the fall and is perfect to set up cameras and tents.Every year in February,thousands of photographers come to watch the firefall.Although the view may appearjust minut

40、es before sunset,many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time.Im just saying that the Yosemite Firefall is something you dont want to miss during the winter,says Kate Moore,a traveller and the lead content creator for ParkedInP.17.Paragraph 1 mainly tells

41、 us.A.how the firefall got its name B.why ifs easy to see the firefallC.who was the first to find the firefall D.on which day we can visit the frefall18.What can we know about the firefall?A.It lasts for half an hour before the sunset.B.It usually appears on wet,warm and cloudy days.C.Rivers provide

42、 enough flowing water to make a fall.D.Its best watching place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.19.From the words of Kate Moore,we can infer t hat.A.the firefall is worth seeingC.the firefall brings little surprise20.Whats the theme of the passage?B,its dangerous to watch the firefallD.ifs a waste of t

43、ime to visit the firefallA.Art.B.Nature.C.Technology.D.History.瓯（2022江苏淮安 统考中考真题）Can you imagine a world without insects?Without ants or flies in your house,it might sound great.However,the results may be out of imagination.The number of insects has dropped by half in the past few years,according to

44、 a British biologist Dave Coulson.You may think small insects are not important.But in fact they are the main part of the species（物种）on Earth.Insects are indeed on the way to extinction,according to the first review of insect population.The researcherssay the main reason for this is the use of pesti

45、cides（杀虫剂）because they destroy insects9 living areas.Also,weatherchange is another important cause.“Unless we change our ways of producing food,insects will go down the way to extinction in a few years,“the researchers wrote in the review.t6This will have huge influences on the planets ecosystem（生态系

46、统）We need insects to pollinate（授粉）crops.They also break down（分解）dead plants and animals,which can keepthe soil healthy.Without insects,many animals would have nothing to eat and die of hunger.Then,the ecosystemwould be off balance.“If the number of insect species keep dropping,this will have bad inf

47、luences on both Earths ecosystem andthe survival of us humans,“said one of the writers of the review.“The first step to stop this is to let more people understand the values of the natural world,“he suggests.Thebest place to start is from our children,who should realize environmental protection from

48、 an early age.”21.The underlined word extinction means A.pollution B.death C.harm D.protection22.Paragraph 5 is mainly about.A.the reason for producing food B.the problem of animals and plantsC.the way to keep soil healthy D.the importance of insects23.From the passage,we can know.A.insects may dest

49、roy the balance of the ecosystemB.ants and flies are the main part of the species on EarthC.humans actions influence the number of insectsD.weather change has little influence on insects画（2022江苏南通 统考中考真题）As Xiong Chuanfa,34,blew a lifelike puppy out of molten maltose（溶化的麦芽糖）in just minutes,kidslooke

50、d carefully at him with great suiprise,thinking he was a magician.Xiong Chuanfa has been working on blowing sugar figurines,a Chinese traditional folk art with a history ofover 600 years,for more than twenty years.In this special art form,the artist heats the syrup（糖浆）to a certain temperature,pulls