2023届高三英语外刊时文海盗奇闻精读精练讲义.pdf
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1、外 刊 精 读:海 盗 奇 闻 内 容 摘 要 Viking sagas of transatlantic journeys have thrilled people for centuries.Historians are sorting fact from fiction-from accounts of clashes with FirstNations to where the Norse really settled.阅 读 理 解 Anyone standing today by the wind-swept shore of Epaves Bay at the northern
2、tip of Newfoundlandmight find it hard to comprehend the enormity of the modest archaeological site that extends aroundthem.Here,at LAnse aux Meadows-the name is probably a garbled reference to an old French navalvessel-lies what is still the only known Norse settlement in North America.It is an asto
3、nishing place,but its significance was only recognized in relatively recent decades.Until as late as the 1960s,theViking adventure in North America was known only second-hand from the Icelandic sagas,the greatepic tales that form one of the jewels of northern medieval literature.These stories mostly
4、 concern theViking age of roughly A.D.750-1050.but they were written down hundreds of years later,primarily in the13th century.The degree to which they preserve genuine memories of the saga-writers ancestors,orwhether they are more a form of historical fiction,still divides scholars today.The entire
5、 narrative ofNorse voyages to North America is contained in just two of these texts,the Saga of the Greenlandersand the Saga of Erik the Red.Both sagas tell the story of an unknown country west of Greenland,foundby ships blown off course,with exploring expeditions and the brief settlement that follo
6、ws.In fact,thetwo sagas frequently contradict each other,with different versions of who first sighted land,who wasthe first to sail there,and even the number of separate voyages involved.In the Saga of the Greenlanders,the picture is credible in its complexity and involves multiple journeysto Vinlan
7、d.In the Saga of Erik the Red,which seems to have been written slightly later,all this iscompressed into a single Vinland voyage.All the stories are vivid and rich with detail,human drama,anddescription,but one thing shines through to modern eyes:That this was no“discovery,“becauseVinland was alread
8、y inhabited.In both sagas,the Norse repeatedly encounter local people whom theycall Skraelingar,a derogatory term meaning something like“savages.In the Erik saga,the two groupsinitially trade in peace before violence eventually breaks out over a misunderstanding;in theGreenlanders version,there is l
9、ethal conflict from the start.There are deaths on both sides,and acommon theme is that the Norse are ultimately forced to flee because of the indigenous resistance totheir presence.From the literary record,it appears that the Norse community in Vinland was quiteshort-lived,a few years at most.It qui
10、ckly became only a memory preserved by the Greenlanders,which eventually found its way into the Icelandic sagas.Archaeological finds have corroborated the sagas accounts of a short-lived Norse settlement in NorthAmerica.The new finds are shedding light on which aspects of the sagas have a basis in h
11、istoricalreality,and which,perhaps,do not.The breakthrough came in the discovery of the site of LAnse auxMeadows in Canada by the Norwegian wife-and-husband team of Anne Stine and Helge Ingstad in1960.It seems almost certain that LAnse aux Meadows was not the only Norse settlement in NorthAmerica;to
12、o many aspects of the site argue against it being the sole foothold:Where,for example,arethe burials,or the evidence for animal husbandry?The sagas mention livestock,but if true,there is nosign of them on this site.Archaeologists and others have long looked for more sites of this kind,butnothing has
13、 been confirmed so far.A few years ago,hopes were briefly raised with some promisingsigns from Point Rose,in an approximately equivalent location to L*Anse aux Meadows but on thesouthwest coast.Sadly,further fieldwork confirmed that all features on the site were natural,and thesearch for an elusive
14、second site continues.Questions:1.What is the common theme o f two sagas?A.Trade in peace.B.Lethal conflict.C.Norse made a getaway.2.Which title can best generalize paragraph 3?A.Facts on the ground.B.Traces of LAnse anx Meadows.C.Sagas and sources.结 构 分 析 绪 构 分 析 P 1:掘 人 航 行 船 美 洲 的 故 鞠 龄 文 本 记 录,学
15、 部 州 拯 段 鞭 幅 般 历 存 在 颁.这 两 个 传 醐 事 醐 述 了 格 品 岛 醐 一 个 不 为 烦 的 国 家 的 塘,但 也 同 时 存 曲 相 辅 2处 P 2:这 龄 传 奇 故 戳 生 动 戏 节 丰 鼠 共 同 挽 鼬 于 垃 撕 抵 醐 人 眼 蹦 源.P 3:来 需 威 的 规 发 财 触 人 醐 美 定 居 的 遗 此 种 种 磷 表 明 这 并 不 朝 一 犍 此 寻 虹 作 仍 在 进 行。格 於 椎:酮 躲 性 可 保 搬 够 嫡 往 文 酷 的 摩 埃 里 克 传 奇:写 解 晚 T,椭 内 容 压 城 成 一 滤 程 的 烂 版 _眼 雕 说 内 容
16、,遗 址 处 存 在 醐 虬 但 却 并 没 戢 现 这 稣 迹 内 容 解 读 Anyone standing today by the wind-swept shore o f Epaves Bay at thenorthern tip o f Newfoundland m ight find it hard to comprehend the enormityo f the modest archaeological site that extends around them.Here,at L Anseaux Meadowsthe name is probably a garbled
17、reference to an old Frenchnaval vessel-Ues what is still the only known Norse settlement in NorthAmerica.It is an astonishing place,but its significance was only recognized inrelatively recent decades.Until as late as the 1960s,the Viking adventure inNorth America was known only second-hand from the
18、 Icelandic sagas,thegreat epic tales that form one o f the jewels o f northern medieval literature.These stories mostly concern the Viking age o f roughly A.D.750-1050,butthey were written down hundreds o f years later,primarily in the 13 th century.The degree to which they preserve genuine memories
19、 o f the saga-writersancestors,or whether they are more a form o f historical fiction,still dividesscholars today.The entire narrative o f Norse voyages to North America iscontained in ju s t two o f these texts,the Saga o f the Greenlanders and theSaga o f Erik the Red.Both sagas tell the story o f
20、 an unknown country west o fGreenland,found by ships blown o ff course,with exploring expeditions andthe brief settlement that follows.In fact,the two sagas frequently contradicteach other,with different versions o f who first sighted land,who was the firstto sail there,and even the number o f separ
21、ate voyages involved.stand by原 文 中 搭 配 为 by the shore,表 示“在 岸 边”,而 本 身 含 义 丰 富,其 一 是“做 好 准 备,准 备 行 动”,例 如:British and American warships are standing by to evacuate theircitizens if necessary.英 国 和 美 国 的 战 舰 已 准 备 好 在 必 要 时 将 本 国 公 民 撤 离 出 去。还 可 以 表 示“坐 视 不 理,袖 手 旁 观”,例 如:The Secretary of Defence has
22、 said that he would not stand by and letdemocracy be under m inded.国 防 部 长 已 经 表 示 自 己 不 会 坐 视 民 主 遭 到 破 坏。还 可 以 表 示“继 续 支 持(尤 指 身 处 困 境 的 人)“,例 如:I will stand by you,right or wrong.我 总 是 支 持 你 的,无 论 你 对 或 错。还 可 以 表 示“坚 持,遵 守,信 守(原 有 的 决 定、承 诺 或 宣 言)”,例 如:He continues to insist that all he wrote in
23、the book is nothing but thetruth,and that he will stand by his w ord.他 仍 坚 持 说,他 在 书 里 写 的 全 都 是 事 实,他 会 信 守 自 己 说 过 的 话。tip原 文 为 名 词 含 义,表 示“末 梢,尖 端”,例 如:The sleeves covered his hands to the tips of his fingers.袖 子 遮 住 了 他 的 手,一 直 盖 到 指 尖。动 词 含 义 有“(使)倾 斜,倒 出”,例 如:He leaned away from her,and she ha
24、d to tip her head back to see him.他 倾 着 身 子 避 开 她,她 不 得 不 把 头 向 后 歪 着 看 他。名 词 含 义 还 有“垃 圾 场,脏 乱 的 场 所”,例 啦:Officers had found a large bread knife on the rubbish t ip.警 察 在 垃 圾 场 发 现 了 一 把 很 大 的 面 包 刀。名 词 含 义 还 有“诀 窍,忠 告,指 导”,例 如:It shows how to prepare a CV,and gives tips on applying for jobs.它 说 明
25、了 如 何 准 备 简 历,并 就 如 何 申 请 职 位 提 了 些 建 议。动 词 含 义 还 可 以 表 示“认 定 会(微 某 事 或 获 得 成 功)”,例 如:He is tipped to be the countrys next foreign minister.他 被 认 定 会 成 为 该 国 下 一 任 外 交 部 长。*tip the scales/balance 表 示“使 占 优 势”on the tip of ones tongue表 示“话 到 嘴 边(却 没 说 出 来)course原 文 为 名 词 含 义,表 示“(船 或 飞 机 的)肮 线,匿 患“,例
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