2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练15阅读理解之说明文（江苏）（解析版）.pdf

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1、专 题 1 5阅 读 理 解 之 说 明 文 氟 题 招 究|例 1|（2022江 苏 南 通 统 考 中 考 真 题）Technology and sustainability（可 持 续 性）are two driving forces inthe world today.For the agriculture department,sustainable agriculture technology must be the new trend,andfarmers should follow it.The following sustainable agriculture technol

2、ogies are necessary.Smart irrigationCrops need water-thats needless to say.However,how they get water is another story.With smart irrigation technology,water can be put to good use.New irrigation systems with smart technologycan report soil moisture（湿 度）and temperature in real time.These new technol

3、ogies help farmers properly takecare of crops in a more efficient way.For example,most crops have specific requirements for temperature andmoisture.The new irrigation systems can show farmers whether they need to make changes for their crops growingenvironments.In this way,they may help reduce the w

4、aste of water.DronesDrones abilities get them a place on this list They can do a lot and most importantly,they can make theboring and tiring farm work much easier.These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos.Through wireless control,just athome farmers can fly the drones

5、over the fields and check on crops.If one area of crops isnt doing well,farmerscan quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.Data and softwareData is rich in this tech-driven world.Farming and data working together can greatly change the way farmersplant,harvest

6、 and water.As computers gather information,they report it all back to a central system.So when farmers learn in whicharea crop health needs to improve,they can use water and fertilizer（月 巴 料）more efficiently,causing less waste.The three technologies are helpful for farmers to save costs,labor and en

7、ergy.And they can contribute to thefinal goal of agricultural sustainabilitythat is to improve the environment.As these new technologies continue todevelop,we are sure to have a cleaner environment.Sustainable agricultural technology is the futureand it will change the game.1.According to the passag

8、e,smart irrigation can.A.make full use of every drop of rainB.decide crops growing environmentC.help farmers water the crops when necessaryD.support the growth and harvest of crops efficiently2.From“Drones part,we can learn t h a t.A.drones can help provide water and fertilizerB.drones help farm wor

9、k in a more efficient wayC.farmers can fly in their drones to check on cropsD.farmers can record the details about their drones3.What is the final goal of agricultural sustainability?A.To help us have a better environment.B.To make farmers work more efficiently.C.To raise the production of crops qui

10、ckly.D.T o reduce formers9 boring and tiring work.4.The passage is mainly t o.A.think highly of the agriculture departmentB.make sustainable agriculture technologies betterC.change farmcrs,misunderstanding of agriculture technologiesD.stress the importance of sustainable technologies in agriculture【

11、答 案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D【导 语】本 文 是 篇 说 明 文，介 绍 了 几 种 必 要 的 可 持 续 农 业 技 术。1.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 With smart irrigation technology,water can be put to good use.New irrigation systemswith smart technology can report soil moisture（湿 度）and temperature in real time.These new technologies helpfarmers properly take car

12、e of crops in a more efficient way.“可 知，有 了 智 能 灌 溉 技 术，水 可 以 得 到 很 好 的 利 用。具 有 智 能 技 术 的 新 型 灌 溉 系 统 可 以 实 时 报 告 土 壤 湿 度 和 温 度。这 些 新 技 术 帮 助 农 民 以 更 有 效 的 方 式 妥 善 照 料 作 物。所 以 可 以 必 要 时 帮 助 农 民 给 庄 稼 浇 水，故 选 C。2.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos.T

13、hroughwireless control,just at home farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops.If one area of cropsisnt doing well,farmers can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of thedrones.”可 知，这 些 设 备 有 高 清 摄 像 头，可 以 拍 照 和 视 频。通 过 无 线 控 制，农 民 在 家 里 就 可 以 让 无 人 机

14、飞 越 农 田，查 看 农 作 物。如 果 某 一 地 区 的 农 作 物 长 得 不 好，农 民 们 可 以 迅 速 记 录 下 细 节，然 后 在 无 人 机 的 帮 助 下 喷 洒 化 学 品。所 以“无 人 机 以 更 有 效 的 方 式 帮 助 农 活”表 述 正 确，故 选 B。3.细 节 理 解 题。根 据“And they can contribute to the final goal of agricultural sustainabilitythat is to improvethe environment.”可 知，农 业 可 持 续 发 展 的 最 终 目 标 是 改

15、 善 环 境，故 选 A。4.主 旨 大 意 题。本 文 主 要 介 绍 了 几 种 必 要 的 可 持 续 农 业 技 术，是 为 了 强 调 可 持 续 农 业 技 术 的 重 要 性，故 选 D。|例 才（2022江 苏 常 州 统 考 中 考 真 题）Being sad or in a low mood is a normal（正 常 的）part of life.Manypeople feel down from time to time.For example,when people face challenging events in their lives,such asfin

16、ancial（经 济 的）difficulty or major changes,its common to feel down.But in most cases the bad feelings slowlydisappear.As for depression（抑 郁 症）,however,the bad mood lasts for weeks,months,or even longer because it is amental（精 神 的）illness.As the World Health Organization（WHO）noted,depression is a mood

17、disorder.It shows indifferent ways,including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth.It often lasts for a longtime and greatly harms a persons ability at work or school or in the daily life.People with depression usually dontlike to talk about their problems with others.

18、More seriously,depression may even lead to the act of killing oneself.Depression is not just a bout（一 阵）of sadness or a sign of weakness,and you can,t just simply stop feelingdepressed.said the health news website.But depression is not a persons problem.Ifs also more common than most people think.It

19、 is hurting about280 million people around the world,according to WHO.Though depression is worrying,we dont have to be afraid of it.Depression can be treated by gettingprofessional（专 业 的）help,taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both.In fact,when you begin to feel the dangerof depression,you can

20、try to deal with it early by yourself.Listening to music,doing some sports and drawingsome pictures might help you feel better.Another useful way is talk therapy.When we are attacked by a low mood,having a conversation with others is of great help.Being honest about how we feel does not make us weak

21、,itmakes us human.5.Who is most probably experiencing depression?A.Lily,who is going to have an important exam and hasnt slept well for 3 days.B.May,who dislikes her new school and has complained to her parents 3 times.C.Ben,who thinks life worthless and has cried alone over 3 times a week in the pa

22、st month.D.Tom,who finds subjects hard and has talked to his teacher about it 3 times this week.6.What does the writer think of depression?A.Normal and nothing serious.C.Unavoidable and untreatable.7.Whafs the passage mainly about?A.Knowledge of depression.C.Reasons for depression.【答 案】5.C 6.D 7.AB.

23、Uncommon although harmfulD.Treatable although worrying.B.Ways of treating depression.D.Results of depression.【导 语】本 文 介 绍 了 抑 郁 症 正 在 伤 害 全 世 界 约 2.8亿 人，以 及 一 些 有 关 抑 郁 症 的 治 疗 措 施 等。5.细 节 理 解 题。根 据“As the World Health Organization（WHO）noted,depression is a mood disorder.It shows indifferent ways,in

24、cluding loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth.It often lasts for a longtime and greatly harms a persons ability at work or school or in the daily lift.可 知,抑 郁 症 是 一 种 情 绪 障 碍。它 以 不 同 的 方 式 表 现 出 来，包 括 对 正 常 活 动 失 去 兴 趣 和 自 我 价 值 感 低 下，抑 郁 症 患 者 通 常 不 喜 欢 与 他 人 谈 论 他 们

25、的 问 题，故 选 C。6.观 点 态 度 题。根 据“Though depression is worrying,we dont have to be afraid of it.Depression can be treatedby getting professional（专 业 的）help,taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both.”可 知,虽 然 抑 郁 症 令 人 担 忧，但 我 们 不 必 害 怕 它。抑 郁 症 可 以 通 过 专 业 的 帮 助 来 治 疗，服 用 药 物 或 两 者 混 合 治 疗，即 虽 然 令 人 担 忧

26、但 可 以 治 疗，故 选 D。7.主 旨 大 意 题。通 读 全 文 可 知，文 章 主 要 介 绍 了 什 么 是 抑 郁 症、抑 郁 症 的 表 现 及 抑 郁 症 的 治 疗 方 法 等，A最 合 适，B、C、D 比 较 片 面。故 选 A。|例 3|（2022江 苏 泰 州 统 考 中 考 真 题）Ancient art doesnt have to be boring.Technology in the 21st centurycan help to bring it to life by combining（融 合）the best of the old and the new.

27、Along the River During the Qingming FestivalWalking into the China Pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai,people were amazed by seeing a huge digital（数 码 的）painting.Scientists digitized（数 码 化）the famous painting Along the River During the Qingming Festisal byChinese artist Zhang Zeduan.The original（原 先 的

28、）painting shows life during the Northern Song period and it includes many details ofancient Chinese customs,lifestyles and technology.Fanners work in the fields,sailors move around their boats and people eat and do business inrestaurants.Parts of the background are also animated（做 成 动 画）.You can see

29、 the wind blowing through the treesand across the water.These animations perfectly combine modern technology and ancient art.Digital technology allows todays artists to express their ideas in ways that ancient artists would not believepossible.Techniques such as animation and 3D digital projection（投

30、 影）make art come alive.Dunhuang Cave PaintingsDunhuang Caves,which are protected ancient treasures in the Gobi desert in Northwest China,are filled withpaintings and sculptures with lasting value.This artwork was created over a period of around 1,000 years.The good news is for art lovers who cannot

31、travel and for the caves.Scientists have created a 360-degree,3Ddigital projection of the caves,which makes the artwork come alive.There is also a function（功 能）that lets viewerszoom in and enjoy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the ancient pr

32、actices.It also makes the whole world understand theart while protecting the original artworks for the future.8.From the passage,we can know t h a t.A.both of the two artworks use 3D digital projectionB.ancient art allows people to explore the modern technologyC.people cant go to Dunhuang to enjoy p

33、aintings and sculptures nowD.the digital painting,Along the River During the Qingming Festival was created by Zhang Zeduan9.Which sentence may be the best to fill in the”?A.In the digital painting,a lot of these details are animated.B.In the digital painting,a lot of these scenes are well known.C.In

34、 the digital painting,more details of the art can be enjoyed.D.In the digital painting,many different styles of art can be seen.10.The underlined phrase“zoom in“means in Chinese.A.使（镜 头）抬 高 B.使（镜 头）拉 近 C.使（镜 头）俯 视 D.使（镜 头）远 离 11.From the passage,we can infer（推 断）t h a t.A.studying ancient art as muc

35、h as possible is very necessaryB.good art must combine modem technology and ancient artC.protecting the ancient artworks is more important than developing technologyD.more valuable ancient artworks will be protected better with technology in the future12.Which of the following can be the best title

36、of the passage?A.Enjoying Ancient Art B.Protecting Modem TechnologyC.Digitising Ancient Art D.Understanding Modem Technology【答 案】8.A 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.C【导 语】本 文 主 要 讲 述 了 数 字 化 技 术 可 以 帮 助 我 们 探 索 古 代 艺 术 品 的 奥 妙，同 时 也 使 它 们 得 到 更 好 的 保 护。8.细 节 理 角 隼 题。根 据 Techniques such as animation and 3D digital

37、projection（投 影）make art come alive.”以 及“Scientists have created a 360-degree,3D digital projection of the caves,which makes the artwork come alive”可 知 这 两 幅 作 品 都 使 用 了 3D数 字 投 影 技 术，故 选 A。9.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 Farmers work in the fields,sailors move around their boats and people eat and do businessin res

38、taurants.Parts of the background are also animated（做 成 动 画）“（农 民 在 田 里 干 活，水 手 在 船 上 走 动，人 们 在 餐 馆 吃 饭 和 做 生 意。部 分 背 景 也 会 设 置 动 画）可 知 此 处 是 指 作 品 里 很 多 地 方 都 是 动 画 化 的，选 项 A 符 合 语 境，故 选 Ao10.词 义 猜 测 题。根 据“enjoy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.（更 详 细 地 欣 赏 绘 画 和 雕 塑。）可 知，需 要 把 镜 头 拉 近

39、 才 能 更 详 细 欣 赏，故 选 B。11.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the ancient practices.It also makes the wholeworld understand the art while protecting the original artworks fbr the future.（数 字 化 古 代 艺 术 使 我 们 能 够 探 索 古 代 的 做 法。也 让 全 世 界 都 了 解 艺 术，同 时 为 未 来 保 护 原 创 艺 术 品。）可 推 知 未 来

40、会 有 更 多 珍 贵 的 古 代 艺 术 品 通 过 技 术 得 到 更 好 的 保 护，故 选 D。12.最 佳 标 题 题。根 据“Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the ancient practices.”以 及 通 读 全 文 可 知 本 文 主 要 讲 述 了 数 字 化 技 术 可 以 帮 助 我 们 探 索 古 代 艺 术 品 的 奥 妙，同 时 也 使 它 们 得 到 更 好 的 保 护，故 选 C。例 4（2022江 苏 苏 州 统 考 中 考 真 题）All aboard!Lets take a ride on t

41、he worlds highest railway一 theQinghai-Tibet Railway（青 藏 铁 路）.Sit back and enjoy the journey.Get ready for the trip of a lifetime.Were leaving Qinghai Station.The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all of China.Keep youreyes open as we race through this beautiful land.You might see a rar

42、e Tibetan antelope（藏 羚 羊）from yourwindow.Before we begin our journey,lets learn about this amazing railway.Its truly one of the great engineeringwonders of the 21st century.When it was completed on July 1,2006,the Tibet Railway set nine world records,including the worlds highest railway at 5,072 met

43、res above sea level,the worlds highest tunnel（隧 道）at 4,905metres,and the longest tunnel ever built on permafrost（冻 土）.As we travel higher,the air gets thinner and thinner.Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygenwhich we are used to breathing.But dont be afraid.Each rail car has two sep

44、arate oxygen systems.One systemspreads oxygen throughout the train at all times.And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just likethose used in planes.Here are a few more things to think about as our train leaves the station.The designers solved three mainchallenges when building this

45、great railway.First,the high altitude（海 拔）made the task difficult because therewas no enough oxygen.Second,much of the railway runs across permafrost,a type of ground that keeps changingas the weather warms and cools.Finally,the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology（敏 感 的 生 态 环 境）i

46、n China.Great care was necessary to make sure of the smallest possible influence on nature.All three challenges were met,making our trip possible.All aboard!The train to Tibet is leaving in fifteenminutes.13.Where are the passengers?A.On a bus.B.On a train.C.On a ship.D.On a plane.14.How does the te

47、xt show the railway is amazing in paragraph 3?A.By telling a story.B.By using a designers words.C.By introducing its world records.D.By comparing the present with the past.15.How many oxygen systems are there in each rail car?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.16.Which of the following increased the difficu

48、lty of building the railway?A.The changing ground.B.The polluted air.C.The dangerous animals.D.Thehot weather.【答 案】13.B 14.C 15.B 16.A【导 语】本 文 主 要 介 绍 了 21世 纪 伟 大 的 工 程 奇 迹 之 一 青 藏 铁 路。1 3.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 Were leaving Qinghai Station.The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all ofChina”可 知,

49、乘 客 现 在 在 火 车 站,故 选 B。14.推 理 判 断 题。根 据“When it was completed on July 1,2006,the Tibet Railway set nine world records”以 及“The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway.First.,Second,Finally 可 矢 口，第 三 段 是 通 过 介 绍 它 的 世 界 纪 录 来 展 示 它 的 惊 人 之 处 的，故 选 Co15.细 节 理 解 题。根 据“Each

50、 rail car has two separate oxygen systems”可 知，每 节 乍 厢 都 有 两 个 独 立 的 氧 气 系 统，故 选 B。16.细 节 理 解 题。根 据“First,the high altitude（海 拔）made the task difficult because there was no enoughoxygen”可 知，高 海 拔 使 任 务 变 得 困 难，因 为 没 有 足 够 的 氧 气，故 选 A。瓯（2022.江 苏 连 云 港.统 考 中 考 真 题）The Horsetail Fall（瀑 布）is one of Yosem