2018年北京市中考英语试题及答案.pdf

《2018年北京市中考英语试题及答案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2018年北京市中考英语试题及答案.pdf（21页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第 1 页/共 21 页2018 年北京市中考英语试卷（教师版）年北京市中考英语试卷（教师版）一、单项填空（共一、单项填空（共 6 分，每小题分，每小题 0.5 分）从下面各题所给的分）从下面各题所给的 A、B、C、D 个选项中，选择个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1（.5 分）My brother and I like footballplay it together once a week（）AIBTheyCWeDYou【微点】人称代词【思路】我哥哥和我喜欢足球，我们每周一起玩一次【解析】考查代词我B 他们C 我们D 你们结合语境我哥哥和我喜欢足球，_每周

2、一起玩一次可知应该是我们故选：C【点拨】本题考查人称代词，人称代词为单数时，按第二人称、第三人称、第一人称排列人称单词分单复数，要根据语境，仔细分析，选择正确答案2（.5 分）Happy birthday，Peter!Heres a giftyou（）AforBinCwithDfrom【微点】常用介词的辨析【思路】生日快乐，彼得！这是送给你的礼物【解析】考查介词A 为了B 在里C 和D 来自结合语境生日快乐，彼得！这是送给你的礼物表示给的生日礼物用 for故选：A【点拨】考查介词用法，这个知识点很广泛，有一些固定用法，需要日常积累，结合语境选择正确介词完成习题3（.5 分）do you usu

3、ally go to school，Mary？By bike（）AWhenBHowCWhereDWhy【微点】疑问副词【思路】玛丽，你通常怎么上学？骑自行车【解析】考查疑问词A 什么时候B 怎么C 哪D 为什么结合语境玛丽，你通常第 2 页/共 21 页怎么上学？骑自行车可知，对乘坐某种交通工具提问，用疑问词 how 怎么故选：B【点拨】疑问词通常用来构成疑问句，要根据回答的具体内容进行选择，注意一些固定搭配，分清疑问词的用法4（.5 分）Many people like pandasthey are cute（）AthoughBifCwhileDbecause【微点】从属连词【思路】很多人喜

4、欢熊猫，因为它们很可爱【解析】选项 A 意为：虽然，选项 B 意为：如果，选项 C 意为：当时候选项 D意为：因为结合句意：很多人喜欢熊猫，因为它们很可爱故选：D【点拨】本题考查连词的辨析，熟记词的用法及结合语境是解答本题的关键5（.5 分）Igo now，or Ill miss my train（）AcanBmightCmustDcould【微点】情态动词【思路】我必须走了，否则我就赶不上火车了【解析】考查情态动词A 能B 可能C 必须D 能结合语境我_走了，否则我就赶不上火车了可知，应该是必须故选：C【点拨】情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 否定形式通常

5、在后面加 not要注意情态动词的不同用法6（.5 分）Tony isof the three boys，but he is the tallest（）AyoungByoungerCyoungestDthe youngest【微点】形容词的比较级和最高级【思路】托尼是这三个男孩中最小的，但他是最高的【解析】考查最高级A 年轻的B 更年轻的C 最年轻的，通常加 theD 最年轻的结合语境托尼是这三个男孩中最小的，但他是最高的可知，三者以上比较，用最高级 the youngest 最年轻的，最小的故选：D第 3 页/共 21 页【点拨】考查最高级，要熟练掌握最高级的变法，根据具体的语境仔细分析选择恰

6、当的最高级形式7（.5 分）Bill likes reading Hepicture books with his dad every evening（）AreadBreadsCis readingDhas read【微点】一般现在时【思路】比尔喜欢读书他每天晚上和爸爸一起看图画书【解析】从 every evening 判断句子时态用一般现在时，主语是单数故选：B【点拨】熟悉一般现在时的基本用法，结合题意，给出答案8（.5 分）Paul，what were you doing at nine last night？Ia movie in the cinema with my friends（）

7、Awas watchingBwatchChave watchedDwill watch【微点】过去进行时【思路】保罗，你昨晚九点在干什么？我和我的朋友正在电影院看电影【解析】根据Paul，what were you doing at nine Last night？，可知 at nine Last night是过去比较具体的时间点，动作用过去进行时 were/was+doing故选：A【点拨】熟悉过去进行时的用法，结合题意，给出答案9（.5 分）David is a tennis playerHeto play tennis when he was six years old（）Abegins

8、Bwill beginCbeganDhas begun【微点】一般过去时【思路】戴维是个网球运动员，六岁时就开始打网球了【解析】从 when he was six years old 判断句子时态用一般过去时故选：C【点拨】熟悉一般过去时的基本用法，结合题意，给出答案10（.5 分）Lucy，is your uncle a teacher？Yes，he isHehistory for nearly 20 years（）AteachesBhas taught第 4 页/共 21 页Cis teachingDwill teach【微点】现在完成时【思路】露西，你叔叔是老师吗？是的，他教了将近 20

9、 年的历史了【解析】根据 for nearly 20 years 可知，这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语，通常用于现在完成时，而且动词应该用延续性动词，现在完成时态结构为 have/has+动词的过去分词故选：B【点拨】本题主要考查现在完成时，用法：表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，还表示过去发生动作一直持续到现在其结构是 have/has+及物动词的过去分词此题注意短暂性动词和延续性动词区别11（.5 分）Anew international airportin the city next year（）AcompletesBis completedCwill completeDw

10、ill be completed【微点】一般将来时的被动语态【思路】一座新的国际飞机场明年将要在城市完工【解析】completes 一般现在时；is completed 一般现在时的被动语态；will complete 一般将来时；will be completed 一般将来时的被动语态 根据句子的主语是A new internationalairport以及时间状语next year所以要用一般将来时的被动语态来填空，因此可知这句话的意思是一座新的国际飞机场明年将要在城市完工故选：D【点拨】首先要掌握各种时态以及语态的用法，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案12（.5 分）Alice，c

11、ould you tell meLondon？Sure Last Sunday（）Awhen MrSmith leftBwhen MrSmith will leaveCwhen did MrSmith leaveDwhen will MrSmith leave【微点】宾语从句【思路】爱丽丝，你能告诉我史米斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗？第 5 页/共 21 页当然可以上星期天【解析】根据 could you tell me可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项 CD 是疑问语序，所以排除掉；再根据 Last Sunday，可知这里指的是过去的时间，时态用一般过去时故选：A【点拨】本

12、题考查宾语从句，做题时注意三要素时态、语序和引导词本题先考虑语序问题，再根据句子的上下文的意思，做出选择二、完形填空（共二、完形填空（共 8 分，共分，共 1 小题）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所小题）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的给的的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。四个选项中，选择最佳选项。13（8 分）Real Solutions（解决方法）to ProblemsThirty engineers were working as a team in a company They were young and eager tolearn Th

13、e management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problemsOne day，the team was called for a（1）Ain a hall They were quite surprised andall reached the hall holding various（2）C As they entered，they found a box placed inthe center，full of flat balloonsThe manager asked everyone to pick

14、 a balloon and blow it up Then they were asked towrite their names on their respective（各自的）balloons（3）Bso that the balloons wouldntblow out All tried，but not everyone was（4）D Five balloons blew out due topressure（压力）Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were（5）Cout of thegame As a res

15、ult，25 engineers came to the next level All the balloons carrying theirnames were（6）Aand then put into a room，here and thereThe engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on，All the 25 engineersbegan to search for the respective balloons in a rush It was almost 15 minutes but no on

16、e wasable to（7）Dthe right one The second level of the game was overThen came the final level The engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it toperson named on the balloonWithin a couple of minutes，all balloons（8）Bthe handsof the respective engineersThe manager announced this was the real so

17、lution to the problem Many times in our第 6 页/共 21 页life，sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems（1）AgameBshowCconcertDparty（2）ApurposesBsuggestionsCthoughtsDplans（3）AquietlyBcarefullyCsecretlyDclearly（4）AhonestBreadyCpatientDsuccessful（5）AcheckedBhelpedCruledDcheated（6）Acollecte

18、dBweighedCtiedDcleaned（7）AmarkBhideCnumberDfind（8）AfreedBreachedCliftedDhit【微点】记叙文【思路】本文主要讲述的是有关于协作的事情一件事我们或许做起来很难，但是如果和别人一起做，相互帮助，就会事半功倍【解析】1A，考查名词辨析，下文提到 The second level of the game was over 游戏结束，A 游戏，B 表演，C 音乐会，D 聚会，故选 A2C，考查名词辨析，根据 all reached the hall holding various 带着各种.来到这里，前面提到惊奇，所以是每个人有各种

19、的想法，A 目的，B 建议，C 想法，D 计划，故选 C3B，考查形容词辨析，根据 the balloons wouldnt blow out 不能打破气球，所以是小心的，A 轻轻的，B 小心的，C 秘密的，D 清楚的，故选 B4D，考查形容词辨析，根据 Five balloons blew out due to pressure 坏了 5 个，可知并不是所有人都成功了，A 诚实的，B 准备好的，C 有耐心的，D 成功的，故选 D5 C，考查动词辨析，根据 Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons 失败的人，所以是出局，rule

20、out 排除；A 检查，B 帮助，C 规则，D 清晰，故选 C第 7 页/共 21 页6A，考查动词辨析，根据 then put into a room，here and there 将气球放在房子里，所以是先把所有的气球收集起来，A 收集，B 称重，C 打结，D 打扫，故选 A7D，考查动词辨析，根据 right one 正确的那个人，由此推测是找到那个人，A 标记，B 躲藏，C 计数，D 找到，故选 D8B，考查动词辨析，根据 the hands of the respective engineers 气球上名字对应的人，由此可知是交给那个人，A 释放，B 到达，C 举起，D 打击，故选

21、B【点拨】对于完形填空题目，首先应该阅读全文，了解协作的好处，然后根据题目意思进行分析，确定答案三、阅读下列短文根据短文内容，从文后各所给的三、阅读下列短文根据短文内容，从文后各所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳四个选项中，选出最佳选项选项。（共（共 26 分，每小题分，每小题 6 分分14（6 分）Roger：Hi，there！It was my 15th birthday last SaturdaySome of my friends andAlanmy cousin，came to celebrate it Everyone brought me a gift，we playe

22、d games，sangsongs and had a big birthday cakeIt was really a wonderful day!Did you do anything speciallast week？Jessica：Yes，My class were on a school field trip last weekFirst，We went to theUniversity of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball teamMany basketballstars were studen

23、ts there Then we visited a museum We learned about how the plane wasinvented and took many pictures thereSara：Well，I was lucky enough to go to a conference（会议）on charity（慈善）lastWednesday I was so excited to meet a lot of kind people there One of them was a boynamed Richard He spoke at the conference

24、 about the charity work that he had done in thepast few years第 8 页/共 21 页Martin：It was a different week than usual，Last Thursday，my school band（乐队）wentto Atlanta to perform in a competitionI played the violin and we won a prize!On Friday wewent to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds

25、of sea life from over the worldItwas really cool!（1）When did Roger have his birthday party？DALast WednesdayB Last ThursdayCLast FridayDLast Saturday（2）Who went on a school field trip last week？BAAlanBJessicaCSaraDRichard（3）Martin went to Atlanta toCAspeak at a conferenceBorganize a partyCperform in

26、a competitionDvisit a university【微点】人物故事类阅读【思路】文章是人物故事类阅读，分别介绍了四个孩子上周的活动【解析】1 D 细节理解题，根据 Roger：It was my 15th birthday last Saturday 罗杰：这是我上周六的 15 岁生日可知罗杰的生日是上周六，故选 D2 B 细节理解题，根据 Jessica：Yes，My class were on a school field trip last week 杰西第 9 页/共 21 页卡：是的，上个星期我的班级去参加学校郊游了，可知杰西卡上个星期参加学校郊游，故选 B3 C 细节

27、理解题，根据 Martin：Last Thursday，my school band（乐队）went to Atlantato perform in a competition，马丁：上周四，我的学校乐队在亚特兰大的一次比赛中表演了，可知马丁去亚特兰大在比赛中表演，故选 C【点拨】本文是一篇阅读选择题，做题时要先通读短文，弄清楚短文大意，然后在文中找出相关句子，根据句子选择正确答案15（6 分）ABeautiful MomentWhen I was in high schoolI worked parttime helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at

28、a market One day，as I was preparing the fruits，a little boy came by with his mom andsisterHe wasabout eight years old，and the girl，five or sixTheywere looking the fruitsin front of meI heard the kids say to their mom（in French），Theyre good!I knew it wasFrench，because I can speak and understand itThe

29、n I noticed how the mom was picking the fruitsAt first I thought she was reallylooking at the fruits because she was facing them But then I noticed how much she had tofeel and smell each one as she picked them out And she often asked her son if it lookedokay，but looked way above where his face wasPu

30、tting what I saw together，I was sure shewas blindBoth of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruitsThe son made sure thefruits were not obviously bad，and the daughter handed them to her mom The woman thenfelt each one and smiled，and the daughter would put them into their basketThe kids

31、 weresmiling while helping their mom pick the fruits outTheir smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened beforeIt was sobeautiful to see such young kids so willingly help Most kids that age would be picking outcandies or toys in a store for themselves，instead of helping their mom

32、pick out fruits as thetwo kids didIt was great to witness the moment，but not so great becauseI didnt tell the mom howbeautiful her children were in their languagethis is what I regret to this day（1）The women and her kids came to the market to buyA第 10 页/共 21 页A fruitsB vegetablesC candiesD toys（2）Ac

33、cording to what he saw，the writer was sure the mother couldntBA speakB seeC smellD hear（3）The writer was moved becauseDA the mother was brave to face her problemsB the kids were polite and kind to each otherC the mother was careful in picking out thingsD the kids were so willing to help their mother

34、【微点】人物故事类阅读【思路】文章介绍了两个孩子帮盲人妈妈捡水果，作者被这温情一幕打动【解析】1 A 细节理解题，根据 Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits然后我注意到妈妈是如何挑选水果的，可知他们是来买水果的，故选 A2 B 细节理解题，根据 I was sure she was blind我确定她是盲人，可知作者认为这个妈妈看不到，故选 B3 D 细节理解题，根据 It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help Mostkids that age would be

35、 picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves，instead of helpingtheir mom pick out fruits as the two kids did 看到这么小的孩子们如此乐于助人，真是太美了大多数同龄的孩子会在商店里为自己挑选糖果或玩具，而不是像两个孩子那样帮助他们的妈妈挑选水果可知作者被这两个孩子愿意帮助他们的母亲而感到，故选 D【点拨】本文是一篇阅读选择题，做题时要先通读短文，弄清楚短文大意，然后在文中找出相关句子，根据句子选择正确答案16（6 分）Some primary schoolchildre

36、n have been raised in homes with more green spacearound They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areasof the brain These differences are associated（关联）with beneficial effects on cognitive第 11 页/共 21 页function（认知功能）This is the main conclusion of a study led by t

37、he Barcelona Institutefor Global HealthThe study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in SpainLifelong exposure（接触）to green space in the living places was recordedusing the information on the childrensaddresses from birth up through to the time of the studyBrain structure was studied using 3Dmagne

38、tic resonance imaging（MRI）Working memory and inattentiveness（注意力不集中）were graded with computersThis is the first study that shows the association between longterm exposure to greenspace and brain structure Says Dr Payam Dadvand，the leading researcher of thestudy Our findings suggest that exposure to

39、green space early in life could result inbeneficial structural changes in the brainThe findings show that longterm exposure to greenness is positively associated withwhite and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain Some of them are related tohigher scores on cognitive testsMoreover，larger

40、 volumes of white and grey matter in thoseparts might lead to better working memory and less inattentivenessExposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development inchildren Another study of 2，593 children shows that children in school with more greenspace have a greater increase

41、in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentivenessHumans are believed to be tied to naturePlaying in greener areas offers childrenopportunities to search and learn Accordingly，green space is thought to prompt importantexercises in discovery，creativity and risk takingThese exercises in turn

42、positively influencebrain developmentDr Dadvands study suggests how such structural changes could bring about thebeneficial effects of green spaces on cognitive development It also adds to the proof thatsuggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits o

43、fincreasing greenness in citiesFurther studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations，settings andclimates And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality ofgreen space（1）The second paragraph is mainly aboutA第 12 页/共 21 页A how the study was performedB w

44、hat was recorded in the studyC how long the study lastedD who took part in the study（2）The word prompt in paragraph 6 probably means BA controlB encourageC balanceD change（3）What can we learn from the passage？DA Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brainB Dr Dadvand stressed the im

45、portance of changing the environmentC Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of SpainD Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development【微点】新闻报道类阅读【思路】本文主要讲述了一项科学实验的结果，结果表明生活在绿色环境下有利于大脑的发育，但是这个结论是否适合于每个地方的人还有待观察和后续实验证明【解析】1 A，细节理解题，根据 The study was perform

46、ed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain可知此段主要讲述的是有关于研究如何进行的事情，故选 A2B，词意猜测题，根据 These exercises in turn positively influence brain development 可知是极大的促进大脑的发育，四个选项中意思最为接近的是鼓励，促进，故选 B3D，推理判断题，根据 Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life couldresult in beneficial structural changes in t

47、he brain 可知在绿色环境下生活有利于大脑发育，故选 D【点拨】对于阅读表达题，首先应该阅读全文，了解绿色环境对大脑发育的影响，然后根据题目意思进行分析，确定答案17（8 分）We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help usunlock our selfimprovement powerHowever，theres always something staring at us rightunder our nose but we dont see it The o

48、nly time we think of unlocking our self improvement power is when everything gets worst第 13 页/共 21 页When do we realize that we need to change diets？When none of our shirts and jeanswould fit us When do we stop eating candies and chocolates？When all of our teeth havefallen off When do we realize that

49、 we need to stop smoking？When our lungs have gonebad We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficultThe only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our selfimprovement power iswhen the whole world is falling apart We think and feel this way because it is not easy tochang

50、e，but change becomes more painful when we ignore（忽视）itChange will happen，like it or hate it At one point or another we are all going tofinally unlock our selfimprovement power not because the world says so，but because werealize its for our own goodHappy people dont just accept change；they embrace（拥抱