短文填空之首字母填空-备战2021年中考英语一遍过（解析版）.pdf

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1、考点3 9短文填空之首字母填空首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。二、满分技巧1.跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时,还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。

2、把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3.三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。蕊 跟 踪训练Fights at school sometimes happe

3、n.But how can you keep away from a fight?Heres something you can do.Be c 56.Sometimes,you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson.But being angrydoesnt do any good.Neither can a fight.I 57,it may bring you more problems.In the school,everyoneinvolved in a fight will be punished

4、,no matter who started it.There are no w 58 in a fight.Shout loudly.If you know someone is coming up behind you to a 59,turn toward the person with yourhands up in front of your body and loudly say“stop before walking away.Loud v 60 can usually make theattacker stop.If the person doesnt stop,cry for

5、 help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.Learn to r 61.Your friend may ask you to join in a fight.Learn to say no.Helping him fight is not reallyhelpful to him.If you really want to give him a hand,try to ask him to give it up.Also,you can tell him if he getsinvolved in a fi

6、ght,he may get hurt and be punished.Then,try to leam why he wants a fight and help him find ar 62 way to deal with the problem.【答案】56.calm57.Instead58.winners59.attack 60.voice61.refuse 62.right【解析】文章主要就如何远离打架提出的三点建议，分别是：保持冷静，大声喊以及学会拒绝。【56题详解】句意：冷静点。根据句意理解及后句 Sometimes,you feel so angry that you rea

7、lly want to teach somebody a lesson.But beingangry doesnt do any good.Neither can a fight.可知，这里表达的是“要保持冷静，英语中 冷静 的 是 calm,是一个形容词，放在keep后面做表语，故答案为calm。【57题详解】句意：相反，它可能会给你带来更多的问题。根据句意理解及前句 But being angry doesnt do any good.和后句 it may bring you more problems.可知，这里表达的是相反的意思，表 示“相反，反 而 ，英语是instead,故答案为I

8、nstead。【58题详解】句意：打架中没有扁家。根据句意理解及前句everyone involved in a fight will be punished可知，这里表达的是 没有赢家，英语中“赢家”是 w inner,而这里说的是“打架没有赢家”，所以应该是多个人，所以要用复数形式，故答案为winners。5 9 题详解】句意：如果你知道有人在你后面想攻击你。根据句意理解及后句 turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say stop beforewalking away.及后文c

9、an usually make the attacker stop.可知,这里表达的是 攻击 ，英语是attack,而空格前有t。，所以这里应该用动词原形，故答案为attack。【60题详解】句意：响亮的声音通常会使攻击者停止攻击。根据句意理解及前句loudly say“stop”befbre walking away.可知，这里表达的是“声音”，旦指的是人发出的声音，所以应该用voice,是一个不可数名词，故答案为voice。6 1 题详解】句意：学会拒绝。根据句意理解及后句Your friend may ask you to join in a fight.Learn to say no.

10、可知，这里表达的是“要学会拒绝”，英语中“拒绝”是 refuse,而空格前有t o,所以这里用动词原形，故答案为refuse。62题详解】句意：帮助他找到正确的方法来处理这个问题。根据句意理解及前句Then,try to learn why he wants a fight可知,这里表达的是“正确的方法”，英语中“正确的”是 rig h t,是一个形容词，在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词w a y,故答案为right。BThe Best Language far Learning MathWhat is the best language fbr learning math?Hint（提示）：Yo

11、u are not reading it.Chinese,Japanese and Korean all have simpler number words.They express math concepts（概念）morec 81 than English.The language gap has drawn lots of attention.Several recent studies have 1 82weaker math abilities in English-speaking children to English number words.Chinese,for examp

12、le,has just ten basic number words.English,however,has more than two dozen（打）.Thetrouble starts at 83 English has a word for that number.Chinese,Japanese and Korean have words thatcan be translated as ten-one-spoken with the ten first.That makes it easier fbr children to understand theplace value.St

13、udents can easily see that the number system is based on units of 10.English number words over 10 dont make the place value clear.Words for numbers 13 to 19 change the order ofthe ones（个位）and tens.Children are more 1 84 to confuse 17 with 71.Therefore,children working with English number words have

14、a harder time doing complex（复杂）calculations.They make more m 85.It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than fbr English speakers to use the”makeaten“method.Whenthey a 86 two numbers,Chinese students often break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tensand ones.For example,9 plu

15、s 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4.This method greatly helps students work out math problems.Many teachers in America are teaching their students the”makea-ten“method.However,they are having a hard timebecause of the confusing English number words.Now,you should feel 1 87 that you are learning math in Chin

16、a.Thanks to your mother language,all themath problems have become less difficult and less confusing.【答案】81.clearly82.linked 83.eleven84.likely 85.mistakes86.add 87.lucky【解析】这是篇说明文，文章主要讲述由于英语语言表达数字的原因，英语国家学习数学计算很难；因此在中国学习数学，应该感到很幸运。8 1 题详解】句意：他们解释数学概念比英语更清晰。express math后用副词修饰，根据“simpler number words”

17、以及首字母可知此处是副词比较级more clearly 表达数学概念更清晰”。故答案为clearly。8 2 题详解】句意：几个最近的研究已经把说英语的国家的孩子弱一点的数学能力与英语数学单词联系起来。根据Several recent studies haveuj 知此处是谓语动词的现在完成时态，缺动词的过去分词；根据to”及首字母可知此处用动词短语linked.to表示 把与联系起来”。故答案为linked,【83题详解】句意：麻烦开始于英语中的11，这个数字有一个单词。根 据“ten-one”以及首字母可知此处讲的是数字1 1,用 eleven。故答案为eleven.【84题详解】句意：孩

18、子们更有可能把17和 71弄混。根 据 Children are more likely”可知此处用的是sb.be likely to d o 的结构，表示“可能做某事”。故答案为likely。【85题详解】句意：他们犯更多的错误。动词 make 后面缺宾语；根据have a harder time doing complex calculations”可知此处用 make mistakes 表示“犯错误”。故答案为mistakeso【86题详解】句意：当他们加两个数字，中国的学生常常把数字拆成部分，重组成卜位和个位。此处缺谓语动词；根据“9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 p

19、lus 4”可知此处表示的是力口法。用动词add。故答案为add。8 7 题详解】句意：现在你在中国学数学，你应该觉得幸运。feel 后面缺形容词；根据后一句Thanks to your mother language,all the math problems have become less difficultand less confusing”以及首字母提示可知此处表示“幸运的，用 lucky作表语。故答案为luckyoCWe may think today that Donald Trump invented the term,but“fhke news“has been aroun

20、d fbr a while.In theearly 19th century,small regional and local papers made their product known and i 56 their sales with a lot ofmade-up news articles.The Central Park Zoo Escape,reported on November 9,1874,is one such event.The front page of the New York Herald that day reported that v 57 animals

21、had escaped from the CentralPark Zoo.A rhino had fallen into a sewer（下水道）and a lion had been seen walking slowly through a church.Thearticle said that,while the police and National Guard were doing what they could,twenty-seven people had alreadydied and many others had been injured.Readers were scar

22、ed and armed men were seen in the streets,preparing top 58 their loved ones and property by battling the wild animals of the zoo.In their upset,they clearly hadntread to the end of the article:the 1 59 line stated that the whole story given above is a pure lie!But why was it done?The article was the

23、 creation of a reporter named Joseph Clarke.Working alongside hiseditor,Clarke wanted to highlight the dangerous conditions at the zoo by showing the readers what could happen,notwhat a 60 had.They had no idea of the fear it would cause.The paper never apologized for the upset to NewYorkers.I 61,the

24、y ran a short statement requesting that safety conditions at the zoo should be improved.The 1 62 to learn?Always read right to the end!The whole story given above is not a pure lie!【答案】56.increased57.various58.protect59.last 60.actually/already61.Instead62.lesson【解析】这是一篇记叙文，主要介绍纽约先驱报发布报道说动物园的动物跑出来了，

25、人们没有看到新闻的最后一行以为新闻是真的而陷入恐慌。作者告诫读者永远要记得读到最后。5 6 题详解】句意:在19世纪早期，小的地方报纸通过很多编造的新闻文章来让他们的产品出名和增加销量。根据and可知此处用动词的过去式与made形成并列，根据首字母和theirsales”可知此处用动词increased表示“增 加 销 量 故 答 案 为 increasedo5 7 题详解】句意：纽约先驱报的头版报道多种动物从中央公园的动物园跑了。名词animals前面缺形容词修饰，根据“Arhinoand a lion”可知不止一种动物，此处根据首字母可知用形容词 various表示“多 种 的 故 答 案

26、 为 various5 8 题详解】句意：读者害怕了，武装人员可在大街上看到，准备着通过与动物园的野兽搏斗来保护他们所爱的人和财物。此处用的是 prepare to do 表示“准备好做某事”；根据 u their loved ones and property by battling the wild animalsof the zoo w及首字母提示可知用动词原形protect表示“保护”。故答案为protect。5 9 题详解】句意：令他们沮丧的是，他们很明显没有读到文章最后，最后一行写着：上面整个故事是个谎言。名词line前面用形容词修饰，根 据 read to the end of

27、the article”及首字母提示可知此处用形容词last表示“最后 的 故 答 案 为 last。6 0 题详解】句意：和他的编辑一起，克拉克想要通过显示可能发生的事而不是实际或已经发生的事来给读者强调动物园的危险状况。had后面省略了 happened,动词前副词修饰；根据前文可知报道是一个谎言，事情没有真实的发生或已经发生，根据首字母提示此处用副词already表示“已经 或者actually表示“真实地。故答案为actually/already。【61题详解】句意：取而代之，他们发布了一个简短的说明要求改进动物园的安全状况。根 据 never apologized for the u

28、pset to New Yorkers n可知他们没有道歉而 采用了另一种方法取而代之，用instead表示“代替，取而代之“。故答案为Instead。【62题详解】句意：得到的教训是？根 据 learn和Always read right to the end”可知此处讲的是给读者的教训，用名词lesson。故答案为lesson oRoy is a middle-aged man who lives happily with his family in a big house.He is a successful craftsman now.But his life is not a 56

29、so great.He had a learning disability from an early age.He went to a school forchildren like him and he got plenty of extra help in this school.He still si娘/d（受苦）the rest of his school days inpublic schools.His life improved so much when he discovered art.The art world gave him a chance to express h

30、imselfw 57 words.He went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay.Then he learnedan important lesson:Though he was disabled in language,he could still be s 58 and successfully expresshimself with clay.He got his n 59 lesson from rock climbing.It was a fun thing but he was scar

31、ed from the start.He soonfound it wasnt a talent thing;it was just p 60 So he did it more.After about five years of climbing,he foundhimself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall.He learned that if a person fell in love with something and did it all the time,he would get better at it.And his confidence c

32、ame along with it.Later he found his e 61 really helpful when learning how to read and write.Every day he spent manyhours reading and writing,which he used to a 62 as much as possible.After two hard years,he could readand write as well as others.He has gone through the long process with art,rock cli

33、mbing,reading and writing.Now he hasgot to a point in his life where he knows he is also able to dive into an area that is totally hard,unknown,but interesting.【答案】56.always57.without58.smart 59.next60.practice61.experience62.avoid【解析】本篇讲述从小就有学习障碍的罗伊在公立学校上学，即使得到了很多额外的帮助，他还是备受煎熬；后来艺术给了他一个表达自我的机会，给他的生

34、活带来很大的改善。他经历了艺术、攀岩、阅读和写作的漫长过程，达到他认知所能达到的顶点。5 6 题详解】句意：但他的生活并不总那么美好。空格在be动词和形容词之间，判断填副词；上 文“罗伊现在是一个成功的工匠”和下文“他有学习障碍”可知他的生活并不总那么美好，根据首字母提示，always总是，副词，故答案为always。【57题详解】句意：艺术给了他一个不用语言就能表达自己的机会。空格在名词前，判断填介词；由上文可知罗伊有学习障碍，由此推断空格指艺术给了他一个不用语言就能表达自己的机会；根据首字母提示，without没有.，介词；故答案为without。5 8 题详解】句意：虽然他不善言语，但他

35、仍然可以很聪明，用泥土成功地表达自己。空格在be动词后面，判断填形容词；虽然他不善言语，但他仍然用泥土成功地表达自己，由此推断空格指他仍然可以很聪明；根据首字母提示，smart聪明的，形容词；故答案为smart。5 9 题详解】句意：他从攀岩中又学到了一个经验。空格在名词前，判断填形容词；由上文可知，罗伊从艺术中得到了表达自己的机会，由此可知，攀岩是他又一个学习经验；根据首字母提示，next下一个的，形容词；故答案为next。6 0 题详解】句意：他很快发现这不是天资的事，只是练习而已。空格在be后面，判断填名词当表语；根据上文“He soon fbund it wasnt a talent

36、thing”推断空格指罗伊认识到攀岩不是天资的事，只是练习而已；根据首字母提示，practice练习，名词；故答案为practice。6 1 题详解】句意：后来他发现自己的经验对学习如何读和写很有帮助。空格在形容词性物主代词后面，判断填名词；由上文可知罗伊成功地学会制作陶器和攀岩，由此推断空格指这些经验对他学习如何读和写很有帮助；根据首字母提示，experience经验，名词；故答案为experience。【62题详解】句意：他每天花很多时间读书和写作，这是他以前尽量避免的。由上文可知罗伊从小有学习障碍，即使得到很多额外的帮助，他还是备受煎熬；由此推断空格指以前尽量避免学习；used tod。

37、sth过去常常做某事，由此可知空格填动词原形；根据首字母提示，avoid避免，动词：故答案为avoid。EMom and Dad live in Calverton.On June 28,my parents celebrated 70 years of marriage.They have been through years of hard work and good times,a 51 supporting each other.As a child I remember my parents working side by side for spring,fall,winter,an

38、d summer cleaning orworking in the yard,or painting and wallpapering.My parents bought a h 52 in Elmont.They never believed theyd be able to own their own home,and tothem,it was their castle.They worked hard to decorate it and kept i 53 looking beautiful.They taught us towork hard and to appreciate

39、everything we had.Mom likes everythingsightseeing,clubs,shopping,anything.Dad,even today,cant u 54 why shealways wants to go out!Mom is really active with the Red Hatters womens group and her gardening club.Dad spoils(宠邮;)her bytaking care of the house.The key to their s 55 marriage is that they res

40、pect each other.My brother,who is 67,and I(now 69),have always known we are lucky to have such great parents.They haveshown us what love is,what hard work is,and what respect is all about.My daughter and I try to see them almost every weekend w 56 we play cards together and catch upon theweeks news.

41、My parents are the glue that holds our whole family t 57,making holidays and ordinary days special to usall.I know we are lucky to have them both,even save all of their voice-mail messages,just so Ill have their voice toh 58 when they are not here.But Mom keeps t 59 us all that shes definitely(绝对地)g

42、oing to live to be100.So we will have a f 60 more holidays,birthdays,and memories to experience.【答案】51.always52.house 53.it54.understand55.successful56.when 57.together58.hear 59,telling60.few【解析】文章中作者介绍了父母之间的恩爱，父母对生活的态度，以及对他们家人所产生的积极影响。5 1 题详解】句意：他们经过多年的努力和美好的时光，总是互相扶持。根据后文“I remember my parents wo

43、rking side byside for spring,fall,winter,and summer cleaning or working in the yard”一年四季他们在院子里肩并肩的工作，可知他们总是相互扶持；故填always。【52题详解】句意：我父母在 Elmonl 买了一个房子。根据They never believed theyd be able to own their own home”他们从没想过能有自己的家，结合首字母，可知买了一个房子：故填house。【53题详解】句意：他们努力工作来装修它，让它看起来漂亮。根据decorate it”装修它，结合首字母，可知让

44、它看起来漂亮；故填小【54题详解】句意：爸爸不能理解为什么她总是想出去。根据why she always wants to go out”为什么她总是想出去，结合首字母，可知不理解；故填understand。【55题详解】句意：他们成功婚姻的关键是互相尊重。根据 celebrated 7()years of marriage”庆祝结婚70周年，可知婚姻很成功，形容词修饰名词marriage；故填successful。【56题详解】句意：我和女儿尽量每个周末去看他们，在那时我们一起打牌、看这周的新闻。根据上句周末去看父母，结合首字母，可知那个时候和他们一起打牌；故填when。【57题详解】句意：

45、我父母就是把我们整个家庭粘在一起的胶水。根据胶水，结合首字母，可知是粘在一起；故填together,【58题详解】句意:当他们不在的时候,我会听到他们的声音。根据their voice，结合首字母,可知是“听 也 故 填 hear。【59题详解】句意：但是妈妈坚持告诉我们所有人，她一定会活到100岁。根据上句录下妈妈的声音，等妈妈不在了还能听见妈妈的声音，和下句她一定会活到100岁，结合首字母，可知是“告诉我们“，keep doing坚持做某事;故填 telling,【60题详解】句意：我们会有更多的假期、生日和回忆可经历。根据上句妈妈说会活到100岁，可知有一些假期、生日；a few一些，修

46、饰可数名词复数；故填few。真题再现A（2020 泰州市）根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通 顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long.The same is true with poems.If we were lucky e 7,we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once.But usually we need tospend a little t 72 or

47、 make a little effort to truly understand a poem.Today Id like to talk about readingpoems in ways that make the experience better.Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it.Sometimes a poem that seemsb 73 on first reading becomes interesting with more reading.A poem that feels me

48、aningless becomesdeeper and more meaningful.And sometimes youre just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem,butI 74 it touches your heart.Keep a d 75 at hand when you are reading poems.Poets like to use unusual words.Instead ofskipping over（跳过）these words or trying to g 76 their meanin

49、gs,look them up.Read aloud and listen to the poem.Reading aloud will make the poems rhythm clear.Besides,a poefsreading is very helpful b 77 we can understand the poems meanings from where the poet placesemphasis（强调）or pauses（停顿）.After you finish reading a poem,take a few moments to consider vv 78 i

50、t is saying.Sometimes itsmeanings are better understood t 79 repeated reading.Other times they need our careful and deepthought on a poem.It is h 80 to say whether theres a right or wrong way to read poems,but reading practices willenrich your experience,increase your enjoyment,and deepen your under