考前冲刺11年职称英语理工阅读理解50篇.pdf

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1、第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor companys abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology,analysts say.General Motorso and Hondaceased production of battery,powered cars in 1 999,to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines,which

2、 are more attractive to the consumer.Ford has now announced it will do the same.Three years ago.the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK,or Think Neighbor.It hoped to sell5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts.But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of

3、 the cars have been produced,and less than 1 o700 carts have been sold so far in 2002.叮he bottom line is we dont believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market.Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said onFriday.Wc feci wc have given electric our best shot”The Think City has a rang

4、e of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time.General MotorsEVI electric vehicle also had alimited range of about 100 miles.The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives.An electric Toyot-RAV4 EV vehiclecosts over$42,000 in

5、 the US,compared with just$17,000 for the petrol version.Toyota and Nissan.are now the only majorautomanufacturers to produce electric vehicles.There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance.Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program,and that is what we willbe judging them o

6、n,Roger Higman,a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth,told the Environment News Service.Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well.Hybrid engines Offer Greater mileage than petrol-onlyengines,and the batteries recharge themselves.Ford says it th

7、inks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines“on vehicleemissions”in the U.S.However,it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit.In June,General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction,delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring carmakers to off

8、er 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in thestate by 2003.Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission,rather than zero-emission,vehicles.I.What have the Ford motor company.General Motors and Honda done concerning electric cars?A)They hav

9、e started to produce electric cars.B)They have done extensive research on electric CarsC They have given up producing electric cars.D)They have produced thousands of electric Cars2.According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe,battery-powered carsA)will be the main transportation vehicles in the futureB)wi

10、ll not be the main transportation vehicles in the future.C)will be good to the environment in the futureD)will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future.3.Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?A)Toyota and NissanB)General Motors and HondaC)Ford and ToyotaD)Honda and Toyo

11、ta4.According to the eighth paragraph,hybrid carsA)offer fewer mileage than petrol driven carsB)run faster than petrol driven carsC)run more miles than petrol driven carsD)offer more batteries than petrol driven cars5.Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to th

12、e last paragraph?A)Low-emission cars should be banned.B)Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways.C)The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars.D)The legislation will allow more lOw.emission to be produced2011年新增第二篇W o r l d C r u d e O i l P r o d u c t i o

13、 n M a y P ea ka D ec a d e E a r l i er T h a n S o m e P r ed i c tIn a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oi1,scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crudeo i 1 p r o d u c t i o n w i 11 p ea k i n 2 014.T h i s p r ed i c t i o n i s a l m o s t a d ec a d e ea r l i er t h

14、 a n s o m e o t h er p r ed i c t i o n s.T h ei r s t u d yi s i n A C S,E n er g y&F u el s1.I b r a h i m N a s h a w i a n d c o l l ea g u es p o i n t o u t t h a t r a p i d g r o w t h i n g l o b a l o i 1 c o n s u m p t i o n h a s s p a r k ed a g r o w i n g i n t er es ti n p r ed i c

15、 t i n g “p ea k o i l.P ea k o i l i s t h e p o i n t w h er e o i l p r o d u c t i o n r ea c h es a m a x i m u m a n d t h en d ec l i n es.S c i en t i s t sh a v e d ev el o p ed s ev er a l m o d el s t o f o r ec a s t t h i s p o i n t,a n d s o m e p u t t h e d a t e a t 2 02 0 o r l a

16、t er.O n e o f t h e m o s t f a m o u sf o r ec a s t m o d el s i s c a l l ed t h e H u b b er t m o d el2.I t a s s u m es t h a t g l o b a l o i l p r o d u c t i o n w i l l f o l l o w a b el l s h a p ed c u r v e3.A r el a t ed c o n c ep t i s t h a t*o f P ea k O i l.T h e t er m P ea】O

17、i l i n d i c a t es t h e m o m en t i n w h i c h w o r 1d w i d e p r o d u c t i o n W i l lp ea k,a f t er w a r d s t o s t a r t o n i r r ev er s i b l e d ec l i n e.T h e H u b b er t m o d el a c c u r a t el y p r ed i c t ed t h a t o i 1 p r o d u c t i o n w o u l d p ea k i n t h e U

18、 n i t ed S t a t es i n 19 70.T h e m o d el h a ss i n c e g a i n ed i n p o p u l a r i t y a n d h a s b een u s ed t o f o r ec a s t o i l p r o d u c t i o n w o r l d w i d e.H o w ev er,r ec en t s t u d i es s h o w t h a t t h e m o d el i s i n s u f f i c i en t t o a c c o u n t f o r

19、 m o r e c o m p l ex o i 1 p r o d u c t i o n c y c l es o fs o m e c o u n t r i es.T h o s e c y c l es c a n b e h ea v i l y i n f l u en c ed b y t ec h n o l o g y c h a n g es,p o l i t i c s,a n d o t h er f a c t o r s,t h e s c i en t i s t ss a y.T h e n ew s t u d y d es c r i b es d e

20、v el o p m en t o f a n ew v er s i o n o f t h e H u b b er t m o d el t h a t p r o v i d es a m o r e r ea l i s t i c a n d a c c u r a t eo i 1 p r o d u c t i o n f o r ec a s t.U s i n g t h e n ew m o d el,t h e s c i en t i s t s ev a l u a t ed t h e o i 1 p r o d u c t i o n t r en d s o

21、f 47 m a j o r o i 1-p r o d u c i n gc o u n t r i es,w h i c h s u p p l y m o s t o f t h e w o r l d,s c o n v en t i o n a l c r u d e o i l6.T h ey es t i m a t ed t h a t w o r l d w i d e c o n v en t i o n a l c r u d eo i 1 p r o d u c t i o n w i 11 p ea k i n 2 014,y ea r s ea r l i er t

22、 h a n a n t i c i p a t ed.T h e s c i en t i s t s a l s o s h o w ed t h a t t h e w o r l d f s o i 1 r es er v es a r eb ei n g r ed u c ed a t a r a t e o f 2.1 p er c en t a y ea r.T h e n ew m o d el c o u l d h el p i n f o r m en er g y-r el a t ed d ec i s i o n s a n d p u b l i c p o l

23、i c yd eb a t e,t h ey s u g g es t.词汇：C o n s er v e v.保护，保存c r u d e o i l原油s p a r k v.闪耀：激发；鼓舞c u r v e n.曲线i r r ev er s i b l e a d j.不可逆的，不可改变的i n s u f f i c i en t a d j.充分的，不足的注释：1.A C S E n er g y&F u el s：A C S是A m er i c a n C h em i c a l S o c i et y（美国化学学会）的缩写。该学会成立于1876年，现已成为世界最大的科技

24、协会。多年来，A C S一直致力于为全球化学研究机构、企业及个人提供高品质的文献资讯及服务。A C S出版的期刊有34种，这些期刊在化学领域中是被引用次数最多的化学期刊，E n er g y&F u el s即是其中一本。2.t h e H u b b er t m o d el：赫伯特模型是美国地质学家M.K i n g H u b b er t于19 56年创建的，这是一个随时间增长的模型，H u b b er t将其引入油气田开发，经推导使其成为一个可以预测油气田累积产量、瞬时产量、年产量和可采储量等多项开发指标的多功能预测模型。3.a b el l s h a p ed c u r v

25、 e：钟形曲线4.t h a t o f p ea k o i 1 ：t h a t指代c o n c ep t。5.a c c o u n t f o r：说明，解释6.c o n v en t i o n a l c r u d e o i 1 ：常规原油7.o i l r es er v es：石油储量。通常使用复数形式r es er v es。练习：1.W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s c l o s es t i n m ea n i n g t o t h e w o r d s p a r k ed a p p ea r i n

26、g i n p a r a g r a p h 2?A.f l a s h edB.s t i m u l a t edC.c h a n g edD.en d ed2.T h e t er m a b el l s h a p ed c u r v e*a p p ea r i n g i n p a r a g r a p h 2 i n d i c a t es t h a t g l o b a l o i 1 p r o d u c t i o n w i 11A.t a k e t h e s h a p e o f a f l a t c u r v e.B.k eep g r

27、o w i n g.C.k eep d ec l i n i n g.I）,s t a r t t o d ec l i n e a f t er g l o b a l o i 1 p r o d u c t i o n p ea k s.3.Which of the following is N O T true of the Hubbert model?A.It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U.S.in 1 970.B.It has been used to predict oi1 production

28、 in many countries.C.It is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countries.D.It provides a very realistic and accurate o i1 production.4.What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?A.It predicts global o i1 production will peak in 2014.B.It predicts

29、 oil production will decline in 47 countries.C.It confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert model.D.It discovers a new trend of Worldwide oil production.5.W ho develop the new version of the Hubbert model?A.American scientists.B.Kuwaiti scientists.C.British scientists.I).Scientists of 47 maj

30、or oi 1-producing countries.答案与题解：1.B spark一词做及物动词使用时有发动“、激发的意思，在此意为stim ulated,即引发，这个句子的意思是：全球石油消费的快速增长已引发了对石油峰值预测的兴趣。2.I)此句接下来的句子中所提到的a related concept即是与a bel 1 shaped curve相关的概念，也就是说，接下来的这个句子对a bel】shaped curve做了解释，即世界石油生产达到最大峰值后将下降。3.D 文章的第三段告诉我们，Hubbert预测模型精确地预测到美国石油生产于1970年将达到峰值。这一模型自受到公认后，已用

31、于预测世界石油生产。第四段说，这一模型对于某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期而言，其计算尚不充分。这些生产周期受到技术的改变、政策和其他因素的很大影响。所以，A、B和C都是对Hubbert模型的正确说明。4.A选项8、C和D 所述内容均未在文章中提到。最后一段告诉我们，科学家使用新的模型评估了47个主要的产油国家的石油生产趋势,并预计全球常规原油生产到2014年将达最高峰值。所以，A是答案。5.B短文第一段的第一个句子提供了答案。第3篇 Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will requir

32、e monitoring key life cycle 1 events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists cant be everywhere so theyre turning to non-scientists,sometimes calledcitizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because ther

33、e are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,theyre asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary peopleto observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.-

34、and send their observations to a giant database to beobserved by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able togather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2,citizen

35、 scientists are ready for theconditions where they live.All thats needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it3 in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Pheonology4 Network.Phenology*is whatscientists call

36、 the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the groups first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.Theprogram,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United Sta

37、tes.People participating inthe project-which is open to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.People dont have to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see whats in their neighborhood,says Jennifer Schwartz,aneducation consultant with the project.As we colle

38、ct this data,well be able to make an estimate of how plants and eommunities5 of plantsand animals will respond as the climate changes.词汇：Frog n.蛙 Ecologisl n.生态学家 Phenology n.物候学 Bud v.发芽，萌芽；n.芽，花蕾Neighbor(u)rhood n.近邻；邻近地区 Database n.数据库Professional adj.专业的，职业的：n.职业选手，专业人员注释：i.life cycle：生命周期，即生物发展

39、过程的系列变化。2.hyper-local beat:beat在此做名词用，意思是：某类新闻报道，如，a business beal；商业专题报道。这是近年来出现的新词。Hyper-localbeat即 hyper-local news,指 的是被传统新闻报道方式所忽略的小型社区或居民居住区里发生的相关信息报道。在美国由此而诞生了 hyper-local news website,专门对主流媒体所没有覆盖的地区所发生的事件进行报道，其形式多以网民，即短文中所提及的citizenjournalists,上传所在社区发生的事件报道、照片或视频为主。这是网络时代产生的又一新生事物。3.data是复数

40、形式，但常用做单数，所以这里的代词是it。另参见最后一段“As we collect ihis d a t a,这里的data也用作单数。4.phenology：物候学或生物气候学，是气候学和生态学的边缘学科，主要研究气候环境对生物的影响。munities：生态学词汇：生物群落，记载比较相似的环境条件下在特定自然区域或环境中生活和互相影响的一群植物和动物。练习：1.Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need themA)to provide their personal life cycles.B)t

41、o observe the life cycle of plants.C)to collect data of the life cycle of living things.D)to teach children knowledge about climate change.2.What are citizen scientists asked to do?A)To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.B)To send their research observations to a

42、 professional database.C)To increase their knowledge about climate change.D)To keep a record of their research observations.3.In All thats needed to become one.(paragraph 2),what does the word one stands for?A)a citizen journalist.B)a citizen scientist.C)a scientist.D)a citizen.4.What is NOT true of

43、 Project BudBurst?A)Only experts can participate in it.B)Everybody can participate in it.C)It collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants.D)It has its own website.5.What is the final purpose of Project Bud Burst?A)To study when plants will have their first buds.B)To find out the types of

44、plants in the neighborhood.C)To collect life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across theUnited States.D)To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.答案与题解：l.C 第一段和第二段的第一句告诉我们，要在世界范围内观察气候对大自然中生物生命周期的影响，数量有限的科学家不可能足迹遍及天下，为此科学家求助于普通公民的参与。所 以 C 是正确选择。2.B第二段第三句中e

45、ncourage ordinary people to observe的主语是The citizen scientist movement,即公民参与科学观察的运动。所以 D 不是正确选择。A 和 C 不符合文章的句意，因此也不是正确的选择。这个句子的大意是：这一运动鼓励普通公民根据自己的兴趣爱好进行科学观察，并将观察结果送交数据库，让专门领域的科学家做进一步的观察。B 正确表达了这个意思。3.B one在 这 里 是 一 个 代 词，其 前 置 词 是 citizen scientists,而 不 是 citizen journalists,这里的one指的是one ofcitizen sc

46、ientistso所 以 A、C 和 D 都不是正确选择。这个句子的意思是，只要每天或每星期花上几分钟收集数据并发送出去，就能成为一个公民科学家。4.A 文章最后一段说，这个计划向所有人开放(open to everyone),所以应选择A。B,C,D 所述内容都在该段中提到。5.D C 表述的内容是Project Budburst所要做的工作，但其最终的目的不仅仅是收集数据，而是研究气候变化对生物生命周期的影响。因此，D 才是正确答案。第四篇 Motoring Technology(2007年考)1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each yea

47、r,plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate,much research now is focusedon safety and new fuelsthough some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been risky.One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital

48、 in-car assistants.They canensure you dont miss crucial road signs or fall asleep.The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor yourdriving and makes sure your phone or radio doesnt distract you at a vital moment.Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faul

49、ts.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology“sees through“high-sidedvehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts,pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.The colour of a car has been found to belinke

50、d with safety,as have Jess surprisingly,size and shape.And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol,such as plant oils,are a hot area of research.Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly,and are thesubject of a serious research effort.But whatever is in the fuel tank,you dont want a thief in the dr