2023届全国新高考英语备考复习--情态动词.pdf

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1、2023届全国新高考英语备考复习情态动词情态动词表示推测的句式二、情态动词表示推测的句式1.在肯定句中一般用 must/may/might/couldoHe must/may/might know the answer to this question.他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。It is cold in the room.They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。2.否定句中用 cant/couldnt,may not/might not。It cant/couldnt be the headmaster.He ha

2、s gone to America.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。He may not/might not know the scientist,他也许不认识那位科学家。3.疑问句中用can/couldoCould he have finished the ta sk?他可能把任务完成了吗？Can he be at home now?他现在能在家吗？情态动词表示推测的时态三、情态动词表示推测的时态L、情态动词+be/d。”句式，表示对现在或一般情况的推测。He can(could)not/may(might)not be at home at this time.这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。H

3、e may/might know it.他可能知道这事。2.情态动词+have done”句式，表示对过去情况的推测。It must/may/might/could have rained last night.The ground is wet.地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。The door was locked.He can(could)not/may(might)not have beenat home.门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。Can/Could he have got the book?难道他找到书了吗？3.情态动词+d。”句式，表示对将来情况的推测。She must/ma

4、y/might/could arrive before 5.五点前她一定/可能/也许到。She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hillswithout meeting anyone.她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。4.情态动词+be doing”句式，表示对现在正在进行的事推测。He must/may/might/could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。He must/may/might/could be staying there.

5、他现在肯定/可能/也许呆在那儿。情态动词+have done四、情态动词+have donel .must have done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为 一定做过某事”。It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。2.cant/couldnt have done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，意为 不可能做过某事”。Mary cant have stolen your money

6、.She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。He cant/couldnt have left so soon,他不可能走得这么早。【提示】couldnt have done不是cant have done的过去式，而是语气委婉，不如后者肯定。3.、can have done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，意为 可能做过吗？There is no light in the room.Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone

7、?到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？4,could have done”用于虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意为 本来可以”。He could have passed the exam if he hadnt been too careless.本来他能够通过考试，如果他当初不是太粗心。She could have been seriously injured.她本来可能伤得很重的。5.may have done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意为 可能已经 或 也许已经“。What has happened to G e o rg e?乔治发生了什么事？I dont know.He may

8、 have got lost.我不知道,他可能迷路了。He may not have finished the work.他可能还没有完成那项工作。6.mighthavedone”用于虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的推测，意为 或许已经”。He might have given you more help if he hadnt been busy.他或许会多给你一些帮助，如果他不忙的话。She might have gone to have her hair waved.她可能烫发去了。7.would have done”用于虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意为 本来会做I would have

9、told you all about the boys story,but you didnt ask me.我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。Without your help,I wouldnt have achieved so much.没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。8.should have done 和 shouldnt have done(1)should have done表示 本来应该做某事，而实际没做。Tom,you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这

10、项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。I should/ought to have helped her,but I never could.我本该帮助她的，却从未能这样做。(2)shouldnt have done表示 本来不应该做某事“，而实际做了。Look,Tom is crying.I shouldnt have been so harsh on him.看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。They shouldnt/oughtnt to have let you out of hospital so soon.他们不应当让你这样早出院。【提示】ought to have done与shou

11、ld have done,oughtnt to havedone与shouldnt have done”用法基本一样。9.need have done 和 neednt have done(1)need have done表示 本来需要做某事”而没有做。He need have hurried to the station.In that case,he wouldnt havemissed the train.他本该快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。(2)neednt have done表示 本来不需要做某事”而实际上做了。I neednt have bought so much wi

12、ne only five people came.我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。You neednt have mentioned it.你没有必要提及止匕事的。【高考演练】1.【北京】I have a word with you?It wont take long.A.Can B.Must C.Shall D.Should【答案】A 考查情态动词。根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许短时间内的一个交谈。can表示能不能，故选A。2.【全国大纲卷】Although you find bargains in London,itzs notgenerally a cheap place

13、 to shop.A.should B.need C.must D.can【答案】D 考查情态动词。句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是它一般不是购物便宜的地方。此处can意为 能。故选D。3.【湖南】Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we bring anything with us?A.cant B.mustnt C.shant D.neednt【答案】D 考查情态动词。句意：我已经为这次野炊准备了各种各样的食物。你的意思是说我们不需要携带任何东西了？”此处neednt表示没有必要“。故选D。4.【江苏】It

14、 was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,bring me food.A.might B.would C.should D.could【答案】C 考查情态动词。句意：他们这么穷竟然还带食物给我，这使我很难过。should表示竟然，符合语境。might可能；would愿意；could能够。故选C。5.【江西】Life is unpredictable；even the poorest become therichest.A.shall B.must C.need D.might【答案】D 考查情态动词。句意：生活是不可预料的，甚至最穷的人都可能变成最

15、富有的人。根据unpredictable可知表示可能性，本题应该选择might。故选D。6.【四川】I still remember my happy childhood when mymother take me to Disneyland at weekends.A.might B.must C.would D.should【答案】C 考查情态动词。句意：我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我的母亲常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。此处would表示过去习惯性的动作，意为过去常常故选C。7.【重庆】Ive ordered some pizza,so we worry about cookingwhen w

16、e get home tired.A.cant B.dare not C.neednt D.may not【答案】C 考查情态动词。句意：我已经订了比萨，因此当我们很累地回到家时没有必要担心做饭的事情。need表示必要性；can多表能力或推测；dare表示胆量；may则表示准许或可能。故选C。8.【重庆】you interrupt now?Cant you see Im on thephone?Sorry Sir,but its urgent.A.Can B.Should C.Must D.Would【答案】C 考查情态动词。句意：你 非要现在打断我吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？内很抱歉，先生

17、，但是这个事情太紧急了。”can表示能够，许可”；should表示应该；must表示非要，偏偏”，多指令人不快的事；would表示意愿。故选C。9.【全国 I I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclockeach morning the train comes by my house.A.couldnt B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt【答案】D 考查情态动词。句意：我不需要用闹钟来叫醒我，因为每天早晨六点钟,火车就从我家附近经过。couldnt不能；mustnt 一定不要；shouldnt不应该；neednt不需要

18、。根据句意可知，此处表示不需要做某事”。故选D。10.【全国口】Im going to Europe on vacation together with John ifI find the money.A.can B.might C.would D.need【答案】A 考查情态动词。句意：如果我能弄到钱，我会与约翰一起去欧洲度假。从主句的时态形式来看，该句不是虚拟语气，而是真实条件，所以用can表示 能够，相当于be able to；might表示更小的可能性；would表示意愿；need必要。故选A。11.【江西】We have bought so much food now that Su

19、ziewont be with us for dinner.A.may not B.neednt C.cant D.mustnt【答案】B 考查情态动词。句意：既然苏西不和我们一起吃饭，我们没必要买如此多的食物。情态动词+have done结构在此句子中表示对过去事情的推测、遗憾、责备等，neednt have bought意思是 本没必要买。may not不可能；neednt没必要；cant 一定不会；mustnt 一定不要。故选B。12.【陕西】I thank you too much for all your help to my sonwhile we were away from h

20、ome.A.wont B.cant C.can D.will【答案】B 考查情态动词。句意：我们离开家期间，您对我儿子的所有帮助，我感激不尽。cant thank you too much=canzt thank you enough 表示 怎么感激也不为过，感激不尽”。故选B。13.【辽宁】One of our rules is that every student wear schooluniform while at school.A.might B.could C.shall D.will【答案】C 考查情态动词。句意：我们其中的一项规定就是学生在校期间应该穿校服。might可能，也许

21、；could表示能力或可能性；shall用于第三人称的陈述句中，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定；w ill表示意愿。故选C。14.【天津】Itzs quite warm here；we turn the heating on yet.A.couldnt B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt【答案】C 考查情态动词。句意：这儿相当暖和；我们没必要开暖气。needntd。sth.表示 没有必要做某事”，符合句意。故选C。15.【浙江】Had they known what was coming next,they second thoughts.A.may have B

22、.could have C.must have had D.might have had【答案】D 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们知道接下来的事，他们或许（经过考虑后）会改变想法。本句是条件句的虚拟语气，省略了 if。根据Had可知此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句应用would/could/might+have+done（故选D。16.【江苏】Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but say where he was.A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.wouldnzt D.mightnt【答案】C 考查情态动词

23、。句意：几天后，我哥哥打来电话说他一切都好，但是他就不愿说出他在什么地方。mustnt禁止，不准；shouldnt不应该；wouldnt不愿意；mightnt可能不。故选C。17.【江苏】Happy birthday!Thank you!Its the best present I for.A.should have wishedB.must have wishedC.may have wishedD.could have wished【答案】D 考查情态动词。句意：生日快乐！仆谢谢！这是我所能期盼的最好的礼物。”A 项使用句型should have done表示 本应该做但是没做“，是虚拟语

24、气；B 项表示推测，放入句中意为 这是我一定期盼过的最好的礼物”，句意不通；C 项表示推测，放入句中意为 这是我可能期盼过的最好的礼物”,句意不通；D 项表示能力，放入句中意为 这是我所能期盼的最好的礼物”，符合句意。故选Do18.【四川】I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese,and Isaid Ni Ha。，just as I do in China.A.must B.might C.can D.should【答案】B 考查情态动词。句意：我足够靠近他们，听到他们正在说中文，我就说了 你好，像我可能会在中国做的那样。might表示可

25、能性的推测，意为 或许，可能，大概“；must必须，必定；can能够；should应该。故选B。19.【四川】The police still havent found the lost child,but theyre doingall they.A.can B.may C.must D.should【答案】A 考查情态动词。句意：警察还没有找到丢失的孩子，但是他们正在竭尽全力地寻找。can表示能力，句子后省略了 do to find the lost child=may表示可能性，语气不肯定；must表示必须；should表示应该。故选A。20.全国 I They have arrived at lunchtime but their flightwas delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should【答案】D 考查情态动词表示推测。句意：他们本应该在午饭时到达的，但他们的航班延误了。can表示对过去的事情的推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句中；must have done 一定做过某事；should have done本应该做某事，事实上没做；will have done是将来完成时，不表示推测。故选D。